Life Sciences, Society and Policy最新文献_第8页

How biological background assumptions influence scientific risk evaluation of stacked genetically modified plants: an analysis of research hypotheses and argumentations. 生物背景假设如何影响堆叠转基因植物的科学风险评估:研究假设和论证的分析。

IF 3.1

Life Sciences, Society and Policy Pub Date : 2017-08-14 DOI: 10.1186/s40504-017-0057-7

Elena Rocca, Fredrik Andersen

{"title":"How biological background assumptions influence scientific risk evaluation of stacked genetically modified plants: an analysis of research hypotheses and argumentations.","authors":"Elena Rocca, Fredrik Andersen","doi":"10.1186/s40504-017-0057-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40504-017-0057-7","url":null,"abstract":"Scientific risk evaluations are constructed by specific evidence, value judgements and biological background assumptions. The latter are the framework-setting suppositions we apply in order to understand some new phenomenon. That background assumptions co-determine choice of methodology, data interpretation, and choice of relevant evidence is an uncontroversial claim in modern basic science. Furthermore, it is commonly accepted that, unless explicated, disagreements in background assumptions can lead to misunderstanding as well as miscommunication. Here, we extend the discussion on background assumptions from basic science to the debate over genetically modified (GM) plants risk assessment. In this realm, while the different political, social and economic values are often mentioned, the identity and role of background assumptions at play are rarely examined. We use an example from the debate over risk assessment of stacked genetically modified plants (GM stacks), obtained by applying conventional breeding techniques to GM plants. There are two main regulatory practices of GM stacks: (i) regulate as conventional hybrids and (ii) regulate as new GM plants. We analyzed eight papers representative of these positions and found that, in all cases, additional premises are needed to reach the stated conclusions. We suggest that these premises play the role of biological background assumptions and argue that the most effective way toward a unified framework for risk analysis and regulation of GM stacks is by explicating and examining the biological background assumptions of each position. Once explicated, it is possible to either evaluate which background assumptions best reflect contemporary biological knowledge, or to apply Douglas' 'inductive risk' argument.","PeriodicalId":37861,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences, Society and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2017-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40504-017-0057-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35409503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Sharpening the cutting edge: additional considerations for the UK debates on embryonic interventions for mitochondrial diseases 提高前沿：英国关于线粒体疾病胚胎干预的辩论的额外考虑

IF 3.1

Life Sciences, Society and Policy Pub Date : 2017-01-13 DOI: 10.1186/s40504-016-0046-2

E. Haimes, Kenneth Taylor

引用次数: 20

DIY-Bio - economic, epistemological and ethical implications and ambivalences. 生物经济，认识论和伦理的含义和矛盾。

IF 3.1

Life Sciences, Society and Policy Pub Date : 2016-12-01 Epub Date: 2016-05-30 DOI: 10.1186/s40504-016-0039-1

Jozef Keulartz, Henk van den Belt

引用次数: 39

Towards a phronetic space for responsible research (and innovation). 迈向负责任的研究(和创新)的空间。

IF 3.1

Life Sciences, Society and Policy Pub Date : 2016-12-01 Epub Date: 2016-05-20 DOI: 10.1186/s40504-016-0040-8

Emanuele Bardone, Marianne Lind

{"title":"Towards a phronetic space for responsible research (and innovation).","authors":"Emanuele Bardone, Marianne Lind","doi":"10.1186/s40504-016-0040-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40504-016-0040-8","url":null,"abstract":"The term Responsible Research and Innovation has recently gained currency, as it has been designated to be a key-term in the European research framework Horizon 2020. At the level of European research policy, Responsible Research and Innovation can be viewed as an attempt to reach a broader vision of research and innovation as a public good. The current academic debate may be fairly enriched by considering the role that phronesis may have for RRI. Specifically, in this paper we argue that the current debate might be fruitfully enriched by making a categorial shift. Such a categorial shift involves moving away from the temptation to interpret responsible research and innovation in a technocratic way towards a more pluralistic vision that is rooted in the idea of phronesis. In the present context phronesis points the attention to the cultivation and nurturement of the researcher's formation as a type of engagement with the actual practice of researching, a practice in which researchers (and other parties concerned) are called to apply judgment and exercise discretion in specific and often unique situations without the re-assuring viewpoint of the technician. ","PeriodicalId":37861,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences, Society and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40504-016-0040-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34401143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 22

Mars ain't the kind of place to raise your kid: ethical implications of pregnancy on missions to colonize other planets. 火星不是那种适合抚养孩子的地方:在殖民其他星球的任务中怀孕的伦理问题。

IF 3.1

Life Sciences, Society and Policy Pub Date : 2016-12-01 Epub Date: 2016-08-25 DOI: 10.1186/s40504-016-0043-5

Haley Schuster, Steven L Peck

引用次数: 10

Turning the tide or surfing the wave? Responsible Research and Innovation, fundamental rights and neoliberal virtues. 逆流而上还是乘风破浪?负责任的研究和创新，基本权利和新自由主义美德。

IF 3.1

Life Sciences, Society and Policy Pub Date : 2016-12-01 Epub Date: 2016-05-27 DOI: 10.1186/s40504-016-0038-2

Simone Arnaldi, Guido Gorgoni

{"title":"Turning the tide or surfing the wave? Responsible Research and Innovation, fundamental rights and neoliberal virtues.","authors":"Simone Arnaldi, Guido Gorgoni","doi":"10.1186/s40504-016-0038-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40504-016-0038-2","url":null,"abstract":"The notion of Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) has increasingly attracted attention in the academic literature. Up until now, however, the literature has focused on clarifying the principles for which research and innovation are responsible and on examining the conditions that account for managing them responsibly. Little attention has been reserved to exploring the political-economic context in which the notion of RRI has become progressively more prominent. This article tries to address this aspect and suggests some preliminary considerations on the connections between the specific understanding of responsibility in RRI and the framing of responsibility in what has been synthetically defined as 'neoliberalism'. To do so, we try to illustrate how the idea of responsibility has evolved over time so that the specific characteristics of RRI can be better highlighted. These characteristics will then be discussed against the features of neoliberalism and its understanding of responsibility. Eventually, we reaffirm a view of RRI centred on fundamental rights as a possible point of departure between these two perspectives on responsibility. ","PeriodicalId":37861,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences, Society and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40504-016-0038-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34524269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 23

Integrated assessment of emerging science and technologies as creating learning processes among assessment communities. 对新兴科学技术进行综合评估，在评估团体中创建学习过程。

IF 3.1

Life Sciences, Society and Policy Pub Date : 2016-12-01 Epub Date: 2016-07-28 DOI: 10.1186/s40504-016-0042-6

Ellen-Marie Forsberg, Barbara Ribeiro, Nils B Heyen, Rasmus Øjvind Nielsen, Erik Thorstensen, Erik de Bakker, Lars Klüver, Thomas Reiss, Volkert Beekman, Kate Millar

{"title":"Integrated assessment of emerging science and technologies as creating learning processes among assessment communities.","authors":"Ellen-Marie Forsberg, Barbara Ribeiro, Nils B Heyen, Rasmus Øjvind Nielsen, Erik Thorstensen, Erik de Bakker, Lars Klüver, Thomas Reiss, Volkert Beekman, Kate Millar","doi":"10.1186/s40504-016-0042-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40504-016-0042-6","url":null,"abstract":"Emerging science and technologies are often characterised by complexity, uncertainty and controversy. Regulation and governance of such scientific and technological developments needs to build on knowledge and evidence that reflect this complicated situation. This insight is sometimes formulated as a call for integrated assessment of emerging science and technologies, and such a call is analysed in this article. The article addresses two overall questions. The first is: to what extent are emerging science and technologies currently assessed in an integrated way. The second is: if there appears to be a need for further integration, what should such integration consist in? In the article we briefly outline the pedigree of the term 'integrated assessment' and present a number of interpretations of the concept that are useful for informing current analyses and discussions of integration in assessment. Based on four case studies of assessment of emerging science and technologies, studies of assessment traditions, literature analysis and dialogues with assessment professionals, currently under-developed integration dimensions are identified. It is suggested how these dimensions can be addressed in a practical approach to assessment where representatives of different assessment communities and stakeholders are involved. We call this approach the Trans Domain Technology Evaluation Process (TranSTEP). ","PeriodicalId":37861,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences, Society and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4963332/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34611977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluating determinants of rural Villagers’ engagement in conservation and waste management behaviors based on integrated conceptual framework of Pro-environmental behavior 基于亲环境行为的综合概念框架评估农村村民参与保护和废物管理行为的决定因素

IF 3.1

Life Sciences, Society and Policy Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.1186/s40504-016-0045-3

Piyapong Janmaimool, C. Denpaiboon

引用次数: 33

Continental philosophical perspectives on life sciences and emerging technologies. 关于生命科学和新兴技术的大陆哲学观点。

IF 3.1

Life Sciences, Society and Policy Pub Date : 2016-12-01 Epub Date: 2016-06-13 DOI: 10.1186/s40504-016-0041-7

Hub Zwart, Laurens Landeweerd, Pieter Lemmens

引用次数: 0

‘Mr Cummings clearly does not understand the science of genetics and should maybe go back to school on the subject’: an exploratory content analysis of the online comments beneath a controversial news story “卡明斯先生显然不懂遗传学，也许应该回到学校学习这门学科”:一篇探索性的内容分析了一则有争议的新闻故事下面的在线评论

IF 3.1

Life Sciences, Society and Policy Pub Date : 2016-11-03 DOI: 10.1186/s40504-016-0044-4

Madeline Crosswaite, Kathryn Asbury

引用次数: 3