Annals of Bioanthropology最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence of simian, Suwon, and Sydney creases in acquired idiopathic blindness in some selected schools for the blind in Nigeria","authors":"J. Paul, E Osunwoke, C. Paul","doi":"10.4103/2315-7992.204679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2315-7992.204679","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The study of palmar flexion creases such as simian, Suwon, and Sydney creases is important since they have strong medical implications. Aim: This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of simian, Suwon, and Sydney creases in acquired idiopathic blindness. Materials and Methods: A total of 72 (36 blind and 36 nonblind) participants were recruited for the study that comprised 22 blind male and 14 blind female participants, 18 male and 18 female nonblind participants. The sampling technique used was convenience purposive sampling. Fingerprints and toeprints were obtained using print. Results: The prevalence of palmar creases in blind and nonblind male and female participants showed that the blind participants had 0% prevalence of simian crease, 3.8% prevalence of Suwon, and 0.6% prevalence of Sydney crease, whereas the nonblind participants have 0% prevalence of the creases. In the female blind participants, there was 0% prevalence of simian crease, 1.2% prevalence of Suwon, and 0.6% prevalence of Sydney crease, whereas the nonblind participants have 0% prevalence of the creases. The total prevalence of palmar creases of the blind and nonblind participants was shown, and the simian crease had 0.0% prevalence in the blind and in the nonblind participants. Suwon crease had 2.8% prevalence in the blind and 0.8% in the nonblind participants. Sydney crease had 0.6% prevalence in the blind, but 0.0% prevalence in the nonblind participants. Comparison of the prevalence of the Suwon and Sydney creases in the blind and nonblind was shown to be statistically nonsignificant (P > 0.05), whereas it was significant for simian crease on comparison with the blind and nonblind (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The study has shown that there is no significant difference in the prevalence of Suwon and Sydney crease (P < 0.05), whereas there is a significant difference in the simian crease between the blind and nonblind compared. This study has provided information on the prevalence of palmar creases in people with idiopathic blindness and the nonblind people in Nigeria and by extension the Sub-Saharan Africa.","PeriodicalId":378242,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Bioanthropology","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130316516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The study of nutritional status and academic performance of primary school children in Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria","authors":"Florence Opoola, S. Adebisi, A. Ibegbu","doi":"10.4103/2315-7992.204680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2315-7992.204680","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The present study was carried out to assess the relationship between nutritional status and academic performance of primary school children in Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: School children from primary 3 to 6 were enrolled for the study and they were selected from three randomly selected primary schools within Zaria in Kaduna State, Nigeria. A total of 759 pupils made up of 385 girls and 374 boys were assessed. Ethical clearance was obtained from Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, and self-administered questionnaires were completed by the parents or guardians of the children. Body anthropometrics such as height, weight, and mid-upper arm circumference were measured using a stadiometer and a measuring tape from which the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. The nutritional status of the children was determined using the Centre for Disease Control standard for BMI percentile, while the academic performance of the children was determined by finding the mean of five subjects taken during term examination. Results: The results of the present study showed that overweight children performed better academically when compared to the other children with a mean academic score of 66.19 ± 17.00; underweight was observed to be more prevalent among the males than the females, while on the other hand, overweight was more prominent in females than males. Conclusion: The present study showed that a high percentage of the population has healthy weight, while only a small proportion was obese. This could be a result of imbalance in the food intake of the population, and from the results, it was observed that the total number of children who were overweight performed better academically than the others, which could mean that the children who were well fed and well nourished tend to do better academically than those who are not.","PeriodicalId":378242,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Bioanthropology","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126484932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasonographic assessment of normal prostate volume and splenic length among Urhobo ethnic group in Delta State of Nigeria","authors":"A. Ebeye, J. Oyem, Banjo Emmanuel Iweariulor, S. C. Ubah","doi":"10.4103/2315-7992.204681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2315-7992.204681","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Utrasonographic imaging has been demonstrated as the fastest and safest modality in the evaluation of localized diseases in the spleen and prostate gland. Aim: This study was aimed at assessing the splenic length and prostate volume dimensions of the Urhobos with the use of ultrasound. Materials and Methods: 317 healthy Urhobo subjects aged between 18 - 60 years at the radiology department of Central Hospital Warri and Capitol Hill Hospital Oleh, Delta state were used for this study. Splenic length and prostate volume were ascertained using a Sonoace 1500 ultrasound machine according to standard radiologic technique. Data obtained were subjected to Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 20) and were analysed using Pearson's correlation at a probability of 0.01 % (99% confidence limit). Results: It showed a higher splenic length in males compared to females and also recorded an increase in prostate volume with increasing age. Conclusion: This study has demonstrated no gender differences in splenic length dimensions and has also revealed a positive correlation between age and prostate volume in the Urhobos.","PeriodicalId":378242,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Bioanthropology","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125129350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the cranial (cephalic) and facial (prosopic) indexes of Ukwuani indigenes in Nigeria","authors":"Ugochukwuka Ojieh, M. Enaohwo, A. Ebeye","doi":"10.4103/2315-7992.204686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2315-7992.204686","url":null,"abstract":"Background: It is noted that the head and face shapes of humans from different ethnic groups vary markedly. The cause of these variations has been attributed to several environmental factors. Measurements of these indexes become a necessity to prove that individuals from a particular ethnic group have similar head and face forms. Aim: The present study was aimed at measuring the cephalic and prosopic indexes of Ukwuani indigenes of Delta State. Materials and Method: A total of 315 subjects (165 males and 150 females) were selected by simple random sampling and were measured for their cranial and facial lengths and breath and the respective indexess were calculated. Results: Males had a mean prosopic index of 99.15 whereas females had a marginally lower mean prosopic index of 94.54, both belonged to the hyperleptoprosopic facial group and observed differences between both genders were statistically not significant (P = 0.25) The mean cranial index in males and females was 80.21 and 79.04, respectively, both belonged to the mesocephalic cranial group and observed differences between both genders were statistically significant (P = 0.01). Conclusion: There was no statistically significant gender difference with regards to prosopic index but with regards to cephalic index the observed gender difference was statistically significant.","PeriodicalId":378242,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Bioanthropology","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114575006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regenerative effects of aqueous extract of Adansonia digitata fruit pulp on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced oxidative damages in testes of male Wistar rats","authors":"O. Oyewopo, A. Alabi, A. Imam, G. Akunna","doi":"10.4103/2315-7992.204684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2315-7992.204684","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Adansonia digitata (AD) is a multipurpose tree species widely used for food and non-food products and medicine. Every part of the baobab tree is reported to be useful. However, exposure to high concentrations of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) (including vapor) had been reported to be injurious to human health. Aim: The present study investigated the effects of AD fruit pulp extracts on CCl4-induced testicular toxicity. Materials and Method: Twenty (20) adult male albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (A, B, C, and D) with five rats in each group. Group A received distilled water, group B received a single oral dose of CCl4(2.5 mL/kg) for two days, group C received 500 mg/kg body weight aqueous extract of Adansonia, and group D received 2.5 mL/kg of CCl4for two days followed by 500 mg/kg body weight Adansonia aqueous extracts for 14 days. The animals were autopsied 3 weeks after CCl4and AD extracts injection. Results: Result showed that CCl4induced oxidative damage in testes and decreased the hormonal level of testosterone (TT). AD extracts normalized the testicular damages caused by CCl4. Pretreatment with AD ameliorated the testicular content of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. Similarly, AD treatment attenuated the CCl4-induced increase in hormonal level. In conclusion, AD ameliorated and protected the testes against CCl4-induced oxidative damages and deranged sperm characteristics in adult Wistar rats.","PeriodicalId":378242,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Bioanthropology","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115435432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in pattern of menstruation between Kaduna and Rivers State Women of Nigeria","authors":"P. Victor, B. Danborno, S. Adebisi","doi":"10.4103/2315-7992.173980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2315-7992.173980","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study was designed to investigate and compare the menarcheal age, menstrual cycle regularity, menstrual flow duration, prevalence of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), and symptoms during menstruation (SDM), in women from Kaduna and Rivers states, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Nonpregnant, nulliparous women from Rivers (n = 401, mean ± SD: 22.55 ± 3.78) and Kaduna (n = 387, mean 22.10 ± SD 2.62) states aged 18-30 years participated in the study. Subjects were randomly selected from some higher institutions in Kaduna and Rivers states. Data were obtained using a self-administered, structured questionnaire. Results: The mean age at menarche was higher in Rivers women than in their Kaduna counterparts, but there was no significant difference. The minimum and maximum menarcheal ages for this study were 10 years and 19 years respectively. The results showed that 311 (80.4%) of Kaduna females and 288 (71.8%) of Rivers females experienced regular menstrual cycles; 245 (63.3%) of Kaduna females and 324 (80.8%) of Rivers females experienced a menstrual flow duration of 4-6 days. Most of the study participants experienced at least one premenstrual symptom (Kaduna: 387 or 100%; Rivers: 366 or 91.3%) and one SDM (Kaduna: 36 or; 95.1%; Rivers 397 or 99%); the comparison of PMS and SDM between subjects from the two states showed a significant difference (c2 = 35.348, P = 0.000; and c2 = 10.637, P = 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: A difference was observed between the menstrual patterns of women from Kaduna and Rivers states.","PeriodicalId":378242,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Bioanthropology","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128345063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nasal anthropometry of children and young adults of the Efik ethnic group of Cross River State, Nigeria","authors":"U. Esomonu, Rademene Sunday, Joachim I Biose, E. Nandi","doi":"10.4103/2315-7992.173991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2315-7992.173991","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Nasal anthropometry is crucial for its diverse applications. In order to assess sexual dimorphism and classify the nose type of children and young adults of the Efik ethnic group of Cross River State, this study was designed to determine the standard values for some nasal anthropometric parameters like nasal height (NH), nasal width (NW), nasal length (NL), and nasal index (NI). Materials and Methods: The study sample consisted of 600 subjects (300 males and 300 females) aged 6-20 years, who were drawn randomly from the Efik ethnic group of Cross River State, Nigeria; they were divided into three age subgroups (6-10 years, 11-15 years, and 16-20 years) to observe the gender difference within the groups and the variations of each parameter with advancing age. Results: Sexual dimorphism was noted (P < 0.05) only in the age group of 11-15 years as higher values were observed in females in NH and NL (P < 0.05). The age-related changes were not significant. The mean value of NI in males and females in general was determined and it was observed that the overall value of males was 90.36 ± 9.4, while that of females was 89.76 ± 11. Conclusion: This, therefore, implies that the indigenes of the Efik ethnic group of Cross River State have platyrrhine (broad and short) nose type since they have an NI >85. The result from the present study will be useful in aesthetic and reconstruction surgery involving the nose, and also for the physical anthropologist and forensic scientist in the area of ethnic and racial identification.","PeriodicalId":378242,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Bioanthropology","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128867947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study of the nasal index of Berom students in Plateau State Polytechnic, Jos","authors":"E. Ekwere, Usman M. Yohanna, Ibrahim Lawal","doi":"10.4103/2315-7992.174014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2315-7992.174014","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The nasal index is a very important anthropometric assessment parameter for forensic anthropology and facial surgeries. This study was, therefore, aimed at determining the mean nasal index and its sexual dimorphism among the Berom ethnic group of Plateau State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: For this study, 500 subjects comprising 250 males and 250 females with ages from 18 years to 45 years were recruited. Informed consent was obtained. Nasal height was measured with a sliding Vernier caliper while the nasal width was measured with a transparent graded meter rule. The nasal index was then calculated as the ratio of nasal width and nasal height multiplied by 100. The data was subjected to statistical analysis using the software package Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 17.0. Results: The mean nasal index was found to be 93.09 ± 4.92 and the study also revealed statistically significant (P < 0.05) higher nasal index in males than in females of 93.66 ± 4.40 and 92.52 ± 5.34, respectively. Conclusion: The Berom ethnic group falls under the platyrrhine (broad nose) type that is the typical African nose type and have significant difference in male and female nasal index.","PeriodicalId":378242,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Bioanthropology","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122349317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex cannot be determined through orbital margin anthropometry: A radiologic study of the aditus orbitae of adult Igbos of Nigeria","authors":"V. Ezeuko, O. Udemezue","doi":"10.4103/2315-7992.173987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2315-7992.173987","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The study of the skull is one of the most useful ways of sex determination. Aim: This study was designed to investigate the reliability of the anthropometry of the adult orbital rim in determination of sex. Materials and Methods: A total number of 286 radiographic films of subjects (183 males and 103 females) aged between 18 years and 79 years were analyzed. The orbital height and orbital width were measured from which orbital index was calculated. Differences in the percentage frequencies between males and females were compared using Chi-square test. Result: The results showed that there was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) in the percentage frequency of any range of all the parameters studied between males and females. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study had shown that sex cannot be determined through orbital margin anthropometry.","PeriodicalId":378242,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Bioanthropology","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123080258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of stature using arm span length amongst Bekwara ethnic group of Cross River State, Nigeria","authors":"U. Esomonu, O. Ijomone, C. Mba, A. Oranusi","doi":"10.4103/2315-7992.173990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2315-7992.173990","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The research was carried out to obtain the linear regression equation for the estimation of stature using arm span length amongst the Bekwara ethnic group of Cross River State. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 600 subjects (300 males and 300 females), aged 6 to 30 years, the subjects were further grouped into five sub age groups of 6-10, 11- 15, 16-20, 21-25, 26-30 years old. Result: The mean values of arm span length and stature for males of Bekwara ethnic group, irrespective of age group are 169.9±23cm and 158.4±19cm while females recorded 162.3±17cm and 154.0±13cm respectively. The arm span length to stature difference in males of Bekwara ethnic group is 11.5±7.2cm and 8.3±5.6cm in females, but the mean ASD value irrespective of sex was observed to be 9.9±6.6cm. Pearson correlation coefficients of stature and arm span length were recorded for both male and female as 0.977 and 0.959 respectively. Linear regression equation determined for males in Bekwara ethnic group is 25.71+ (0.781 x arm span) with a recorded estimated stature of 158.2cm, while that of females is 31.83+ (0.753x arm span) with stature estimate of 154.0cm. Conclusion: The arm span length of Bekwara ethnic group indigenes has proven to be an efficient anthropometric body segment parameter that can be employed in the estimation of stature among wheelchair athletes, bed ridden patients or in persons with disabilities involving amputation of the lower limb, or other deformities like scoliosis which does affect the standing ability.","PeriodicalId":378242,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Bioanthropology","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127529664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}