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Shaftesbury’s Science of Happiness 沙夫茨伯里的《幸福的科学》
From Moral Theology to Moral Philosophy Pub Date : 2019-06-27 DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780198835585.003.0002
Tim Stuart-Buttle
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引用次数: 0
The Place of Cicero in Locke’s Moral Theology 西塞罗在洛克道德神学中的地位
From Moral Theology to Moral Philosophy Pub Date : 2019-06-27 DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780198835585.003.0001
Tim Stuart-Buttle
{"title":"The Place of Cicero in Locke’s Moral Theology","authors":"Tim Stuart-Buttle","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780198835585.003.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780198835585.003.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Locke’s published and unpublished works disclose a marked contempt for classical moral philosophy, with one signal exception: Cicero. This chapter reconstructs Locke’s interpretation of Cicero, to explain why he was held to be an exception to Locke’s more general disdain for ancient ethical theories. This approach also illuminates our understanding of the relationship between Locke’s moral theory, political philosophy, writings of Christian apologetic, and theory of toleration. It suggests that Locke’s moral philosophy is decidedly more complex, and richer, than is often recognized: pregnant with naturalistic impulses that were nonetheless subordinated to a grounding of morality in the authority, will, and command of a divine legislator. These aspects of Locke’s moral theory proved to be immensely stimulating to later British philosophers such as Hume, even if they sought systematically to decouple moral philosophy from Christian theology.","PeriodicalId":377840,"journal":{"name":"From Moral Theology to Moral Philosophy","volume":"349 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116129424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mandeville and the Construction of Morality 曼德维尔与道德建设
From Moral Theology to Moral Philosophy Pub Date : 2019-06-27 DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780198835585.003.0003
Tim Stuart-Buttle
{"title":"Mandeville and the Construction of Morality","authors":"Tim Stuart-Buttle","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780198835585.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780198835585.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Once considered primarily as a satirist, recent scholarship has drawn attention to the importance and originality of Bernard Mandeville’s moral philosophy and theory of sociability—and its influence on later philosophers including Rousseau, Hume, and Adam Smith. Mandeville’s close engagement with Epicurean writings, ancient and modern, is clear; less recognized is the extent to which he drew upon them to develop a naturalistic moral theory which could respond directly to Shaftesbury’s Stoic moral philosophy (and, less directly, to Locke’s Christian moral theology). In such a theory, God’s design, will, and sanctions played no meaningful role; but this did not preclude Mandeville from offering his own, strikingly original narrative of the intertwined histories of moral philosophy and moral theology. As had Locke, Mandeville drew particular attention to the individual’s craving for esteem and its importance in their habituation, in society, into norms of moral conduct to which they subsequently feel beholden.","PeriodicalId":377840,"journal":{"name":"From Moral Theology to Moral Philosophy","volume":"232 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127379492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
At the Limits of Christian Humanism 基督教人文主义的极限
From Moral Theology to Moral Philosophy Pub Date : 2019-06-27 DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780198835585.003.0004
Tim Stuart-Buttle
{"title":"At the Limits of Christian Humanism","authors":"Tim Stuart-Buttle","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780198835585.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780198835585.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"Even as he has attracted little attention from historians, the writings of the determinedly heterodox Anglican clergyman Conyers Middleton incited a remarkable amount of critical response in mid-century Britain. Hume, for example, clearly read Middleton closely. Even more so than Locke, Middleton declared his admiration for Cicero’s moral philosophy. Middleton nonetheless alerts us to an alternative tradition of thinking about Cicero as an academic sceptic: that developed within Christian humanism, most notably by irenic figures such as Erasmus and William Chillingworth. On this reading, Ciceronian academic scepticism and Christian piety were complementary and mutually reinforcing: if the former recognized the limits of reason, then the Christian gospels provided what reason alone could not. Middleton’s biography of Cicero represents the most concerted, comprehensive attempt to present Cicero as an academic sceptic; and Cicero was a similarly presiding presence in Middleton’s deeply controversial theological writings.","PeriodicalId":377840,"journal":{"name":"From Moral Theology to Moral Philosophy","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121715641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
From Moral Theology to Moral Philosophy 从道德神学到道德哲学
From Moral Theology to Moral Philosophy Pub Date : 2019-06-27 DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780198835585.003.0005
Tim Stuart-Buttle
{"title":"From Moral Theology to Moral Philosophy","authors":"Tim Stuart-Buttle","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780198835585.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780198835585.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"The seventeenth and eighteenth centuries represent a period of remarkable intellectual vitality in British philosophy, as figures such as Hobbes, Locke, Hume, and Smith attempted to explain the origins and sustaining mechanisms of civil society. Their insights continue to inform how political and moral theorists think about the world in which we live. The aim of this book is to reconstruct a debate which preoccupied contemporaries, but which seems arcane to us today. This concerned the relationship between reason and revelation as the two sources of mankind’s knowledge, particularly in the ethical realm: to what extent, they asked, could reason alone discover the content and obligatory character of morality? This was held to be a historical, rather than merely a theoretical question: had the philosophers of pre-Christian antiquity, ignorant of Christ, been able satisfactorily to explain the moral universe? What role did natural theology play in their ethical theories—and was it consistent with the teachings delivered by revelation? Much recent scholarship has drawn attention to the early-modern interest in two late Hellenistic philosophical traditions—Stoicism and Epicureanism. Yet in the English context, three figures above all—John Locke, Conyers Middleton, and David Hume—quite deliberately and explicitly identified their approaches with Cicero as the representative of an alternative philosophical tradition, critical of both the Stoic and the Epicurean: academic scepticism. All argued that Cicero provided a means of addressing what they considered to be the most pressing question facing contemporary philosophy: the relationship between moral theology and moral philosophy.","PeriodicalId":377840,"journal":{"name":"From Moral Theology to Moral Philosophy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123148064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Epilogue 后记
From Moral Theology to Moral Philosophy Pub Date : 2019-06-27 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198835585.003.0006
Tim Stuart-Buttle
{"title":"Epilogue","authors":"Tim Stuart-Buttle","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198835585.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198835585.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Hume’s naturalistic moral philosophy and rejection of moral theology represented a challenge to which his Scottish contemporaries sought to respond. Almost all did so with reference to Cicero—whom they sought to re-appropriate for a broadly Stoic ethical tradition which was held to be amenable to a polite Presbyterian Christianity. Drawing together the discussions in the foregoing chapters, the Epilogue illustrates how Locke, Middleton, and Hume were central provocateurs in a full-blown Ciceronian controversy in eighteenth-century Britain. Edward Gibbon was well-read in this debate and contributed to it in his earliest publications; but the later volumes of the Decline and Fall indicate a movement away from an interest in late Hellenistic philosophies—including the Ciceronian—as living traditions which might provide answers to pressing contemporary questions. By the early nineteenth century, indeed, this earlier debate over Cicero’s ‘real’ philosophical commitments had come to seem strange indeed.","PeriodicalId":377840,"journal":{"name":"From Moral Theology to Moral Philosophy","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115950154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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