{"title":"Slipping Out Over the Wall","authors":"B. Lipscomb","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780197541074.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197541074.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores Mary Midgley’s unconventional career, and her contributions—through her interests in biology and animal behavior (ethology)—to her friends’ project of reimagining ethics. The connection between Midgley’s work and that of Anscombe, Foot, and Murdoch is often missed because Midgley began writing much later in life. Midgley left her academic career early to follow her husband to Newcastle, where she stayed home, raising their three boys and reviewing books for the BBC. In the mid-1960s, she began teaching philosophy at the University of Newcastle, free from the stifling atmosphere of Oxford. Linking her interest in ethology to ethics, she eventually wrote Beast and Man, raising questions about rationality, instinct, and the sorts of goods—the sort of ethics—toward which humans’ animal nature points. Sadly, Foot never regarded Midgley’s work as “proper philosophy,” though Midgley’s insights could have addressed Foot’s most pressing philosophical worries.","PeriodicalId":377354,"journal":{"name":"The Women Are Up to Something","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114948058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Oxford in Wartime","authors":"B. Lipscomb","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780197541074.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197541074.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter introduces the remaining women—Iris Murdoch, Mary Scrutton (later Midgley), and Gertrude Elizabeth Margaret Anscombe (Elizabeth to her friends)—and describes the state of women’s education in Oxford leading up to and during World War II. Somerville College, where all but Anscombe attended, was at that time one of the most selective institutions in the British Empire. This was due not only to its reputation within Oxford, but also to its small enrollment and the limited number of women’s colleges in general. Despite Somerville’s selectivity, the women still faced disadvantages. Oxford still treated its women as “on probation,” and few women had received the education in classical languages that was a gateway to the prestigious “Greats” degree. During the war, however, as Oxford was drained of fighting-age men, women students were able to benefit from more intensive mentoring and other learning opportunities formerly directed toward men.","PeriodicalId":377354,"journal":{"name":"The Women Are Up to Something","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127085952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Elizabeth Anscombe versus the World","authors":"B. Lipscomb","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780197541074.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197541074.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter chronicles the philosophical development of the abrasive, brilliant Elizabeth Anscombe and her contribution to her friends’ implicit project of reshaping mid-century ethics: her all-out attack against “Oxford Moral Philosophy” epitomized by R.M. Hare, and her publication of the influential “Modern Moral Philosophy.” Anscombe was Wittgenstein’s apprentice and translator for much of her early career, rarely publishing original work. She was, nonetheless, a fearsome adversary of anyone she saw as glib or insufficiently serious, including C.S. Lewis and J.L. Austin. Anscombe’s real engagement with ethics began with her attempt to stop Oxford from bestowing an honorary degree on Harry Truman; she abhorred his decision to bomb Hiroshima and Nagasaki. She was invited to give a radio broadcast, “Oxford Moral Philosophy: Does It Corrupt the Youth?”—the opening salvo in a fight with R.M. Hare, which resulted in her influential essay “Modern Moral Philosophy.”","PeriodicalId":377354,"journal":{"name":"The Women Are Up to Something","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132557126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Facts and Values","authors":"B. Lipscomb","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780197541074.003.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197541074.003.0001","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter introduces the first of the four main subjects of the book, Philippa Foot, as well as sketching the philosophical outlook against which all four would argue in later years. A young Foot, recently returned to Oxford, confronts for the first time the horrors of the Nazi regime, through a newsreel exposing conditions in the concentration camps. For Foot, this moment encapsulated a major failing of philosophical ethics in the mid-twentieth century: its inability to grapple with real evil. The contemporary philosophy against which Foot and her friends would revolt depended on a background picture, the “billiard-ball” picture of the universe as nothing but inert, value-free matter. A fact–value dichotomy was grounded in this picture, positing that no ethical propositions can validly derive from fact statements; these together led to what Lipscomb calls the “Dawkins sublime”—the Romantic view that adults must bravely face this harsh and denuded world.","PeriodicalId":377354,"journal":{"name":"The Women Are Up to Something","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130441838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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