Obesity Research – Open Journal最新文献

{"title":"Mediterranean Diet Still Holds a Place in Obesity Treatment Despite the Considerable Effectiveness of the Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet: A Short Communication","authors":"K. Kaur, G. Allahbadia, Mandeep Singh","doi":"10.17140/oroj-10-150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17140/oroj-10-150","url":null,"abstract":"There has been an escalating incidence of obesity along with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as well as other co-morbidities so much so that the term diabesity had to be coined for this worldwide epidemic. Different attempts have been done to unravel the etiology of this ever-escalating problem, however, there has been a failure to control it. All the newer combinations like Qsymia (topiramate, phentermine), Contrive (naltrexone: bupropion), liraglutide, etc., have been unsuccessful with either cost prohibitions or side effects/contraindications. Thus, attention had shifted to dietary therapies like high protein diet, the mediterranean diet (MD), and Probiotic therapy. However, none has ensured the sustenance of weight reduction. In 2018, we reviewed how the very-low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) might be successful not only in obesity therapy but also in correlated endocrine dysfunction. Recently, there has been a lot of resurgence of the use of VLCKD. The authors performed an extensive search on various platforms like PubMed; Google scholar; Web of Science; Embase; Cochrane review library utilizing the MeSH terms; “Obesity/Overweight”; “Various diets MD”; “VLCKD to assess the efficacy of which diet is better” from 1995 till date. Nevertheless, it has been seen that the efficacy of this is not seen uniformly. Thus, the group of Muscogiuri G recently observed that compliance with MD acts in the form of the anticipation of the effectiveness of VLCKD, thus the role of MD in obesity persists because of anti-inflammatory along with antioxidant actions of MD that ensures good ketosis generation.","PeriodicalId":377282,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Research – Open Journal","volume":" 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139142454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Eating Habits and Preconception and Gestational Nutritional Status of Women Who Attended the Prenatal Service of a Brazilian University Hospital","authors":"R. M. Macedo, A. A. N. Aboud, A. F. Matos, Eduardo M. de Lima Filho, G. C. Diniz, R. M. Pinto","doi":"10.17140/oroj-9-149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17140/oroj-9-149","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Adequate nutritional status should be seen as a fundamental point of prenatal care to avoid obstetric complications and promote the baby’s health. This study aimed to compare prenatal body mass index (BMI) and BMI for gestational age (GA) and lifestyle habits of high-risk and low-risk pregnant women at a Brazilian University Hospital. Methodology This is a descriptive cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach using a questionnaire. Statistical analyzes were performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0. The significance level adopted was 5% (p<0.05). Results The present research involved 78 pregnant women, 51.3% of whom were low-risk. Most pregnant women (73.1%) did not practice physical activity and, among those who did, most reported practicing between 2 and 3-hours per week of light activity. In addition, most (57.7%) interviewees reported sleeping more than 7-hours a night. The pre-pregnancy BMI was adequate in only 34.6% of the patients, while 59% were overweight (overweight or obese); at the time of the interview, BMI for gestational age was normal in only 28.2%, and 66.7% had a BMI reflecting overweight. Consumption of sweets during the week showed significant variation: the high-risk group had a higher percentage of patients who did not consume sweets during the week (44.7%) compared to the low-risk group (20%). Furthermore, while in the high-risk group, only 7.9% consumed sweets 5 to 7 times a week, 30% of the low-risk group consumed sweets 5 to 7 times a week. Conclusion The evaluated pregnant women have a prevalence of excess weight of 66.6%, higher than that of Brazilian women (53.9%). Comparison between preconception BMI and BMI for GA showed a tendency to persist in the pre-pregnancy classification; when there was a change in the distribution of the BMI classification, this occurred with a reduction in the number of underweight, eutrophic, and overweight women and an increase in the percentage of pregnant women with obesity. The diet, in general, was sufficient in terms of micronutrients and fiber, but with high consumption of sweets by low-risk pregnant women. In addition, the proportion of sedentary pregnant women is extremely high. Our study shows the importance of promoting healthy habits during prenatal care to improve pregnant women’s nutritional diagnosis","PeriodicalId":377282,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Research – Open Journal","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125929046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Garcinia Cambogia Compounded Supplements on the Formation of Body Fat Induced by a High Energy Diet in Obese Rats","authors":"W. Chu, Wen-Chuan Lin, Li-Chan Yang","doi":"10.17140/oroj-8-147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17140/oroj-8-147","url":null,"abstract":"Background Obesity is a public health concern in many countries. Obesity is often accompanied by other diseases and, in addition to its effects on personal health, also increases national health expenditure and medical costs. Currently, weight loss can be achieved through several medical means, such as gastric bypass surgery, liposuction, or the use of weight loss drugs. However, these options may lead to side effects or increased mortality. As such, the development of anti-obesity supplements that are natural and safe merits greater research attention. Garcinia cambogia extract, green coffee bean extract, mulberry leaf extract, chromium yeast, and wakame extract are known to have the potential to combat obesity and adjust physical constitutions; however, the effect on fat loss of these agents in a compound supplement has not been researched or discussed. Objective This study investigated the effects of a compound supplement (hereafter referred to as Garcinia cambogia compounded supplements (GC)) containing Garcinia cambogia extract, green coffee bean extract, mulberry leaf extract, chromium yeast, and wakame extract on fat accumulation induced by a high energy (HE) diet in rats. Design Six-week-old, male Sprague–Dawley rats were assigned to a control group or an experimental (HE) group. The control group comprised 12 rats who were given regular feed. The HE group comprised 36 rats who were given HE diet and were further divided according to whether they received carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) or GC (305 and 1220 mg/kg, denoted as GC-L and GC-H, respectively) for 5-weeks. Starting from the sixth-week, the rats were tube-fed various dosages of GC. After the ninth-week, the rats’ body weight, food intake, body fat mass, serum biochemical properties, and liver fat were analyzed. Results The results demonstrated that the HE+GC-L rats had significantly lower weight and body fat mass (569.5±51.3 g; 36.6±9.6 g) than the HE+CMC rats (618.5±57.1 g; 46.3±12.2 g). Food efficiency and calorie utilization were also significantly lower in the HE+GC-L rats than in the HE+CMC group (p<0.01). Compared with the HE+CMC group, food efficiency, calorie utilization, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and concentration of free fatty acids were also significantly lower in the HE+GC-H rats (p<0.05). Conclusion The GC supplementation significantly reduced body weight, body fat mass, body fat percentage, food efficiency, and calorie utilization in rats, and it thus has potential as a natural and safe plant extract dietary supplement. Its long-term effects on the human body should be investigated in the future.","PeriodicalId":377282,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Research – Open Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121157192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case Study of Inositol and Soluble Fiber Supplementation on Glycemic Control in an Overweight Subject","authors":"Haley Serra, Yi Li","doi":"10.17140/oroj-8-148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17140/oroj-8-148","url":null,"abstract":"Background Soluble fiber has been shown to improve glycemic control by slowing the absorptions of glucose. And inositol has been shown to improve glycemic control in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and gestational diabetes via recruiting glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) to cell surface. However, neither inositol supplementation nor combination of inositol and soluble fiber supplementation has been studied in overweight. Objective To investigate if supplementation of inositol improves biological markers of glycemic control overweight and obesity, and that supplementation of inositol in combination with soluble fiber have synergistic effects to further improve these markers. Design A single cohort, uncontrolled, test-retest design was planned to be implemented over 5-weeks in which the participants supplemented 2 grams of myo-inositol twice daily for 4-weeks and then 2 grams of myo-inositol plus 2 grams of soluble fiber each twice daily for 1-week in overweight and obese subjects. Only one overweight subject was able to complete both phases of supplementation due to coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), therefore the study is reported as a case study. Results Supplementation of 4 grams of myo-inositol daily for 4-weeks resulted in improved glucose parameters and lipid parameters including fasting blood glucose, post-prandial blood glucose, total blood cholesterol level, blood high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level, and blood triglyceride level. The combination of inositol and soluble fiber supplementation further improved the total blood cholesterol level. Conclusion These results indicate there is potential benefit of inositol supplementation for sub-clinical hyperglycemic, overweight subjects on glycemic control.","PeriodicalId":377282,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Research – Open Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127792881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chylous Ascites Associated with Internal Hernia Post-Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: A Case Report","authors":"Ahmad E Al-Mulla, M. Y. Saleh, Mohammad Zanki","doi":"10.17140/oroj-8-146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17140/oroj-8-146","url":null,"abstract":"Chyloperitoneum is a rare intra-abdominal finding in internal hernia, only a few cases reports mentioned in the literature. It presents around 0.001-0.005% of hospital admissions. The presence of chylous ascites and swirl sign in a patient is a good indication of internal hernia and the bowel’s validity.","PeriodicalId":377282,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Research – Open Journal","volume":"64 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130903325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing Cardiovascular Outcome in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Better Control of Diabetes Mellitus with Empigliflozin and Hypertension with Renin Angiotensin System Inhibitors and Manidipine Preferably of the Dihydropyridones","authors":"K. Kaur, G. Allahbadia, M. Singh","doi":"10.17140/OROJ-7-141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17140/OROJ-7-141","url":null,"abstract":"Aim Obesity is increasing globally by leaps and bounds and thus the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) along with it so much so that the term diabesity had to be coined. Earlier we had reviewed how to treat the both together and the role of empagliflozin to improve cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOT). Similarly T2DM and hypertension are pathophysiologically-related diseases which co-exist with a broader complex of metabolic diseases which co-exist possessing similar set of risk factors. Hence it is important to consider which antihypertensives are suitable that possess a positive effect on metabolic factors in cases of T2DM who require an antihypertensive. Method A systematic review was carried out using the PubMed search engine with the MeSH terms: “T2DM”; “essential hypertension; “cardiovascular (CV)”; “Complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) and antihypertensive”; “Antihypertensive preferred in T2DM subjects”; “Renin-angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors”; “Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi)”; “Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)”; “Dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker”; “β2 blockers”; “Diuretics”. Discussion Most diabetes mellitus (DM) subjects need a minimum of two antihypertensive drugs, combining a renin-angiotensinaldosterone system (RAS) inhibitor with a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker seems to be the most indicated approach. But not all dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers have equivalent effects on metabolic parameters. Hence manidipine that causes positive effect on insulin resistance (IR) seems to be an effective option. We have reviewed how manidipine is superior to amlodipine with regards to improving IR, not seen with amlodipine, along with not causing excessive sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation, pulse pressure and ankle edema or to much lesser extent than amlodipine. Therefore, manidipine needs to be the first addition to RAS inhibitors in case of DM’s having hypertension of the dihydropyridines calcium channel blockers. Further good blood pressure (BP) control been correlated with good CVs outcomes. Conclusion A RAS inhibitor is the first line of choice of drugs in a subject with T2DM who needs to be treated with empagliflozin for better CVOT outcome, and when a 2nd drug has to be added it is manidipine that is preferred over amlodipine. Plant products are proving to be having a lot of beneficial effects in DM, obesity and hypertension. Thus need for developing agents from plants will prove to be more cost effective in these chronic diseases where compliance is difficult to achieve with the use of common antiDM drugs and antihypertensives with the cost factor along with their side effects.","PeriodicalId":377282,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Research – Open Journal","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123907282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association of Dietary Fatty Acids and Gut Microbiota Alterations in the Development of Neuropsychiatric Diseases: A Systematic Review","authors":"K. Kaur, G. Allahbadia, M. Singh","doi":"10.17140/OROJ-7-143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17140/OROJ-7-143","url":null,"abstract":"Aim Having reviewed earlier the role of probiotics in obesity and other associated metabolic disorders like non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), engineering probiotics for cholera and other neuronal diseases like Alzheimer’s, Parkinson disease with incidence of obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM) so much on the rise, Here the aim of this systematic review is to highlight the influence of dietary patterns, like fatty acids, other lipids on role of maternal stress and the neuropsychiatric disease (NPD) formation along with influence of probiotics in reverting them. Method A systematic review was carried out using the PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Embase, Cochrane reviews, and Google Scholar, Search engine with the MeSH Terms; “Impaired lipid metabolism”; “Oxidative stress”; “inflammation”; “Gut Microbiota (GM)”; “NPD”; “Schizophrenia (SCZ)”; “Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)”; “Bipolar disorders (BD)”; “Gamma amino butyric acid (GABA)”; “5-hydroxy tryptamine (5HT)”; “Brain derived neutrotrophicfactor (BDNF)”; “Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)”; “Saturated (SFA)”; “Depression”; “Resolvins”; “Protectins”; “Short chain fatty acids (SCFA)”; “Probiotics”; “Fecal Transplantation” from 1990 till June 2020. Results We found a total of 900 articles under various subheadings of GM and NPD and probiotics with NPD and SCZ, ASD. One hundred ninety-two (192) articles got selected for this comprehensive review. No meta-analysis was conducted. Conclusion We observed a marked correlation among dietary habits, like utilization of Western diet (WD) with marked escalation of intake of high fat, high sugar rich diet escalated n6 PUFAS over n3 PUFAS and influence on GM that is not helpful in digestion of the nondigestible fibers in form of starch along with generation of butyrate aiding in certain beneficial effects and on formation of various neurochemicals like escalation of BDNF while increased GABA, reduced 5HT formation alteration of tryptophan metabolism is seen in these WD food and we have tried to detail the role of SCFA formation, generation of resolvins and how they work in the formation of various NPD besides maternal diet during pregnancy and how it determines infants microglial priming and later determinants of early stress.","PeriodicalId":377282,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Research – Open Journal","volume":"236 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115965278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why are Patients Reluctant to View Exercise as a Treatment Plan?","authors":"Mike Swoboda","doi":"10.17140/oroj-7-140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17140/oroj-7-140","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":377282,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Research – Open Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127934789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Couple’s Personalized-Care Intervention for Weight-Loss and Diabetes based on DNA and Gut Biome Profiles: A Case Study","authors":"S. Singh-Rambiritch, Ranjan Sinha, C. Reddy, Alicia Nakamoto, C. Irudayanathan","doi":"10.17140/oroj-7-139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17140/oroj-7-139","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction The global prevalence of obesity has reached epidemic proportions. Given the negative strain that obesity and associated chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, put on the healthcare system and the economy, disease management has begun evolving to help individuals change their behaviors. Obesity is often difficult to treat and even harder to maintain. Past studies have failed to show weight loss maintenance over long periods after interventions. To overcome the complexity of obesity, a multifaceted precision care treatment approach should be adopted. Aim The aim of this case study was to assess the health benefits and weight loss journey of a cohabiting Caucasian heterosexual married couple using the Digbi Health personalized obesity management program. A personalized integrative nutrition plan is created based on one’s genetic and gut microbiome obesity risk profile and incorporates daily digital tracking and lifestyle coaching. Never before has a program offered personalized data including genetic, gut microbiome and lifestyle coaching to help people understand the best plan to lose weight and keep it off long term. Method The male subject achieved a total change in weight loss of 15.94%, as well as a reduction in A1C and blood pressure levels and the female subject achieved a 13.65% change in weight loss over a period of four months. The couple have still been able to maintain their weight loss goals four months after completing the program, stating their individual and personalized approach gave them the tools long-term to maintain. Conclusion A supportive environment for cohabiting couples following a personalized weight loss program based on their genetic and gut microbiome profile may help with weight loss and long-term maintenance.","PeriodicalId":377282,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Research – Open Journal","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127158496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Genetics in the Pathophysiology of Obesity: A Systematic Review","authors":"R. M. Pinto, L. Steinmetz, Julio Montes Barbosa, Arthur F. C. S. Mendes, M. Curado, Aparecido Divino da Cruz, Goiânia Go Brazil Biotechnology Sesgo","doi":"10.17140/oroj-6-137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17140/oroj-6-137","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":377282,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Research – Open Journal","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123354969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}