Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology最新文献_第5页

Diabetic Retinopathy in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review of Magnitude and Risk Factors 撒哈拉以南非洲的糖尿病视网膜病变:规模和危险因素的回顾

Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/njo.njo_49_20

E. Achigbu, C. Agweye, K. Achigbu, A. Mbatuegwu

{"title":"Diabetic Retinopathy in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review of Magnitude and Risk Factors","authors":"E. Achigbu, C. Agweye, K. Achigbu, A. Mbatuegwu","doi":"10.4103/njo.njo_49_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njo.njo_49_20","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The aim of the study was to provide an updated review on the prevalence and correlates of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Materials and Methods: A systematic literature search of Medline, Embase, African Journal Online, Africa-Wide Information databases, and Google Scholar for relevant articles was done using a search strategy with key concepts. Studies published between 2010 and 2020 on the prevalence and correlates of DR in SSA were selected. Data on the main study outcomes were extracted into a table based on the study designs. Results: Twenty-seven studies from 12 countries were included. Studies varied in terms of patients’ selection, method of assessing the eye, and retinopathy classiﬁcation. The reported prevalence range for any DR was 13% to 82.6% and sight-threatening retinopathy 2.1% to 51.4% respectively. Duration of diabetes mellitus and systolic blood pressure were the most common factors associated with an increased risk of DR. Conclusion: There is no recent population-based prevalence of DR in SSA. The available results are however comparable with recent values reported in Europe, America, Middle East, and North Africa. Urgent structured population-based studies on the prevalence of DR are needed for effective public health interventions.","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"412 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124408898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology Editorial Comments, January – June 2021 Edition 尼日利亚眼科杂志编辑评论，2021年1月- 6月版

Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/njo.njo_35_21

B. Olusanya

引用次数: 0

Assessment of Resources for Primary Eye Care Delivery in a Rural Area, South East Nigeria 尼日利亚东南部农村地区初级眼科保健服务资源评估

Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/njo.njo_17_19

C. Eze, B. Eze, C. Chuka-okosa, N. Okoloagu

{"title":"Assessment of Resources for Primary Eye Care Delivery in a Rural Area, South East Nigeria","authors":"C. Eze, B. Eze, C. Chuka-okosa, N. Okoloagu","doi":"10.4103/njo.njo_17_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njo.njo_17_19","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To determine the human and material resources available for primary eye care delivery in Nkanu West Local Government Area (LGA), Enugu state. Materials and Methods: This was a Cross-sectional descriptive survey of the health facilities in the area. The location, and distribution of these facilities were determined using the health map of the LGA. At each centre, using a questionnaire, data on human and material resources were obtained. Statistics was performed using Chi-square test for discrete/categorical variables and student t-test for continuous variable. In all comparisons all P values < 0.05 with the associated odds ratios, at 95% confidence intervals was considered statistically significant. Results: There were 119 primary eye care workers (ECW) in Nkanu West LGA out of which 102 participated in the study giving a survey participation rate of 85.7% (102/119). The participants comprised 98 females (96.1%) and 4 males (3.9%), (M: F=1.0:25.0), with a mean age of 33.4 years. The majority of the participants (78.4%) possessed basic qualification of Community Health Extension Workers (CHEW). The health facilities were not evenly distributed in the four health districts. There are 18 PEC facilities, 15(83.3%) stocked some basic drugs used for eye care; none of the centres stocked all the basic drugs. An inventory of equipment for primary eye care delivery in the 18 centres showed that none of the centres had adequate basic equipment. None of the centres had adequate basic material resources for eye care. Conclusion: Human resources were adequate for PEC delivery in the LGA. There were inadequate material resources and uneven distribution of health facilities.","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"199 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116169293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology Editorial Comments, July − December 2020 Edition 尼日利亚眼科杂志社论评论，2020年7月至12月版

Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/njo.njo_7_21

B. Adekoya, S. Abdullahi, Idris Saka, Barbara Ekumankama

引用次数: 0

Cycloplegic Effect of 1% Atropine Compared to 1% Cyclopentolate − 1% Tropicamide Combination in Children 1%阿托品与1%环戊酸盐- 1% Tropicamide联合用药对儿童单眼麻痹的影响

Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/njo.njo_3_20

A. Ayadi, D. Ademola-Popoola, F. Olatunji

{"title":"Cycloplegic Effect of 1% Atropine Compared to 1% Cyclopentolate − 1% Tropicamide Combination in Children","authors":"A. Ayadi, D. Ademola-Popoola, F. Olatunji","doi":"10.4103/njo.njo_3_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njo.njo_3_20","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To compare the cycloplegic effect of 1% Atropine to 1% cyclopentolate plus 1%Tropicamide (CT) combination in children. Methods: This was a cross-over interventional study among children aged 0–15 years in our eye clinic in year 2017. The children were selected using a stratified sampling method. Each child had a non-cycloplegic refraction then refraction after instillation of a drop of 1% Cyclopentolate and 1% Tropicamide 5 minutes apart in the left eye.Parents were given 1% Atropine drops to be instilled twice daily for three days in the same eye before the return visit 3 weeks after and refraction was repeated. Results: The children were aged between 4 months and 15years with a higher number of females (60.7%). The difference between the mean of the spherical equivalent of non-cycloplegic refraction and that for CT combination was statistically significant (P < 0.05) at one hour while the mean of the spherical equivalent of refraction with atropine was comparable to that with CT combination. There was no significant difference between the mean of the spherical equivalent of refraction done with an auto-refractor and that done by retinoscopy. Conclusion: African children aged 0–15 years should have cycloplegic refraction using retinoscopy or auto-refractor one hour after instilling CT combination as a substitute for 1% Atropine.","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134329356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Multiple Cranial Nerve Palsies in Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus – Rare Case Report and Review of Literature 眼带状疱疹致多发性脑神经麻痹罕见病例报告及文献复习

Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/njo.njo_14_20

S. Parija, N. Dash, Ravi Kumar

引用次数: 0

Traumatic Eye Ball Luxation: A Report on 2 Cases in Niamey National Hospital in Niger 外伤性眼球脱位:附尼日尔尼亚美国立医院2例报告

Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/njo.njo_15_20

A. Yakoura, M. Moussa, N. Guirou, L. Roufai, M. Boubacar, A. Amza

引用次数: 0

Outcomes of Cataract Surgery Following Glaucoma Filtering Surgery at the University College Hospital, Ibadan 伊巴丹大学学院医院青光眼滤过手术后白内障手术的疗效

Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/njo.njo_27_19

T. Sarimiye, O. Olawoye, H. Monye, C. Bekibele, A. Ogundipe A, A. Ashaye

{"title":"Outcomes of Cataract Surgery Following Glaucoma Filtering Surgery at the University College Hospital, Ibadan","authors":"T. Sarimiye, O. Olawoye, H. Monye, C. Bekibele, A. Ogundipe A, A. Ashaye","doi":"10.4103/njo.njo_27_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njo.njo_27_19","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To evaluate the outcomes of cataract surgery following glaucoma filtering surgeries carried out at the University College Hospital, Ibadan. Methods: This study was a retrospective review of the records of patients who had cataract surgery following glaucoma filtering surgery. Outcomes of interest include change in visual acuity with cataract surgery following glaucoma filtering surgery, time from glaucoma filtering surgery to cataract surgery, change in intraocular pressure control with cataract surgery and glaucoma filtering surgery complications. Paired t-test and Chi-squared tests were carried out for differences in means and categorical data respectively. Results: Thirty-one eyes of 27 patients were evaluated. Mean (SD) age was 56.7 years (15.4). Sixteen (59.3%) patients were males. The median time from glaucoma surgery to cataract surgery was 21 months (6-180 months). The number of eyes with visual acuity > 6/18 increased from four (13%) pre-operatively to 19 (61.3%) post-cataract surgery. There was no statistically significant difference (P = 0.295) between mean intraocular pressure before surgery (15 mmHg, SD = 5.5) and at last follow-up visit (16.6 mmHg, SD = 7.4). Conclusion: Outcomes of cataract surgery following glaucoma filtering surgery can be optimized with careful patient selection and meticulous perioperative care.","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"135 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124233822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Managing Endophthalmitis in Nigeria: Lessons from Two Challenging Cases 尼日利亚眼内炎的管理:两个具有挑战性的案例的经验教训

Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/njo.njo_16_20

O. Babalola

{"title":"Managing Endophthalmitis in Nigeria: Lessons from Two Challenging Cases","authors":"O. Babalola","doi":"10.4103/njo.njo_16_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njo.njo_16_20","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Endophthalmitis is a dreaded complication of cataract surgery. While the management of endophthalmitis with standard antibiotic combinations often suffice, occasionally some cases are not amenable and require greater astuteness and insight in management. Cases: In the first case, a non-bacterial endophthalmitis was suspected when there was no response to standard antibiotics given twice. The patient responded dramatically to a single dose of intravitreal amphotericin B 5mcg in 0.1ml. However, no laboratory confirmation was obtained, hence diagnosis was based on trial of therapy.The second was a case of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus faecium Endophthalmitis (VRE Endophthalmitis). Diagnosis was made after lack of response to standard intravitreal antibiotics, Amikacin and Amphotericin B. Potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation was suggestive of a gram-positive organism, but showed no hyphate forms. In the absence of a positive culture, a direct staining of the vitreous smear showed organisms identifiable as Enterococcus feacium. There was a regrowth of the organisms after two vitrectomies, and the organism responded to intravitreal 200 mcg/0.1ml of linezolid, one of the newer oxazo-lidinones. However, final vision was only Hand motion even though the vitreous was largely clear. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) revealed a residual central serous retinopathy which did not respond to anti-VEGF therapy. Conclusion: Endophthalmitis can be caused by organisms not sensitive to the usual antibiotics. Use can be made of the KOH test and direct smear of vitreous aspirate to assist with diagnosis. Linezolid is effective against Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci but may be associated with central serous retinopathy.","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114856288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Clinical Profile of Optic Neuritis in Nigerians: Experience at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria 尼日利亚人视神经炎的临床概况:在尼日利亚贝宁大学教学医院的经验

Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/njo.njo_12_20

V. Osaguona, D. Oronsaye

{"title":"Clinical Profile of Optic Neuritis in Nigerians: Experience at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria","authors":"V. Osaguona, D. Oronsaye","doi":"10.4103/njo.njo_12_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njo.njo_12_20","url":null,"abstract":"Context: The clinical profile of optic neuritis varies in different communities; however, data in Nigerians is scarce. Aim: To describe the clinical profile of optic neuritis in Nigerians presenting at the eye clinic of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital. Study Setting and Design: A hospital-based retrospective study. Patients and Methods: The records of patients presenting with optic neuritis from January 2009 to December 2019 were retrieved. Information on demographics, clinical presentation and management was obtained. Data collected were analyzed with the IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows Version 21. Descriptive analyses such as frequencies, median and interquartile range were utilized. Fishers’ Exact test was used to test for association between categorical variables. A P-value of <0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Result: Thirty-four patients with optic neuritis were seen among a total of 25,224 new patients giving a proportion of 0.13%. Of the 34 patients with optic neuritis, 10 were males (male to female ratio of 1:2.4). Their ages were from 3 years to 69 years (median age 31.5 years and interquartile range 26). There was unilateral involvement in 23 (67.6%) and ocular pain in 11 (32.4%) patients. Visual acuity of 6/60 or worse at presentation was seen in 33 (73.3%) eyes. Papillitis was seen in 18 (52.9%), retrobulbar neuritis 12 (35.3%) and neuroretinitis 4 (11.8%) patients. Neurologic examination was normal at presentation in all the patients. Conclusion: This study showed that optic neuritis affected more females, was more unilateral, and there was a low incidence of ocular pain. Also, optic disc swelling was a more frequent feature, and there was no association with multiple sclerosis or other etiology at first presentation.","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126134053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0