American Journal of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Do brighter personalities matter? Relationship between personality and job satisfaction in working pharmacists","authors":"O. Iwuchukwu, Ugochi Patricia Alozie, J. Fadesere, M. Ogunsanya","doi":"10.25259/ajpps_15_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ajpps_15_2022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000People satisfied with their jobs are more likely to have longer tenures and better performance. A major intrinsic factor contributing to job satisfaction is personality. Our study examined the relationship between personality and job satisfaction in a sample of United States pharmacists.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000We created and deployed a composite web-based survey using constructs from the International Personality Item Pool based on the five-factor model, nine job satisfaction facets and relevant sociodemographic characteristics.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Of 157 responses collected, 102 (94% female, 55% 35–44 years) made it to final a nalysis. B ased o n predetermined cutoffs, less than half of pharmacists in analyzable sample (n = 43 or 44%) were satisfied with their jobs. Others were either ambivalent (n = 43, 44%), or dissatisfied (n = 11, 11%). No demographic variable correlated positively with job satisfaction. For personality traits, only emotional stability and openness correlated with job satisfaction. The final r egression m odel s howed a m oderately s trong r elationship b etween p ersonality a nd j ob satisfaction (multiple r = 0.579). The five factor model trait, extraversion, negatively predicted job satisfaction (B = −0.509, P <.001). For occupational scales or traits predicting performance, stress tolerance and reliability positively predicted job satisfaction (B = 0.348; 0.271, P < 0.001). At the individual facet level, there was significant difference in promotion opportunities means for black respondents (2.93 ± 0.99) compared to non-blacks (3.42 ± 0.86).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Extending results to organizational interventions for enhancing pharmacists’ job satisfaction will include improving work operating conditions and assuring employees of all races fair chances at promotion and leadership development.\u0000","PeriodicalId":376259,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114586566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating quality of life and satisfaction with pharmaceutical care services among patients with type II diabetes mellitus receiving care in a resource-limited setting","authors":"U. Eshiet, Blessing Ante, Abasiodiong Uwak","doi":"10.25259/ajpps_11_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ajpps_11_2022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Quality of life assessment is considered an important measure of outcome in long-term illness and management. Patient satisfaction surveys are essential in obtaining a comprehensive understanding of the patient’s needs and their opinion of the service received. The purpose of this study was to determine the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and satisfaction with pharmaceutical care services among patients with type II diabetes mellitus (DM) receiving care in Nigeria.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A cross-sectional prospective study was conducted among 120 patients with type II DM receiving treatment at General Hospital Ikot Ekpene in Akwa Ibom state, Nigeria. Patients who met the eligibility criteria and attended clinic appointments at the medical outpatient clinic as well as those admitted into the medical wards of the hospital during the period of the study were recruited. Data on the extent of patients’ satisfaction with pharmaceutical care as well as their quality of life in diabetes were obtained using the patient satisfaction with pharmaceutical care questionnaire, and the patient quality of life based on diabetes related complaints questionnaire. The duration of the study was 7 months. Data obtained were analyzed using the Statistical Program and Service Solutions version 25.0 computer package with statistical significance set at P < 0.05.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The quality of life of the patients based on diabetes-related complaints was poor. Fatigue was the most frequently reported complaint (n = 116; 96.6%), followed by polyuria (n = 106; 88.33%). The overall mean scores of patient satisfaction with pharmacists’ friendly explanation and management of therapy were 4.03 (±0.52) and 3.53 (±0.44), respectively. There was a statistically significant relationship between patients’ satisfaction with pharmacists’ friendly explanations and patient complaints of weight changes (r = 0.219; P < 0.05), decreased energy levels (r = 0.205; P < 0.05), and numbness (r = 0.270; P < 0.01). Furthermore, there was a statistically significant relationship between patients’ satisfaction with pharmacists’ therapy management and patients’ complaint of fatigue (r = 0.187; P < 0.05), numbness (r = 0.189; P = 0.05), and blurred vision (r = 0.204; P < 0.05).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The HRQOL of the patients was poor as the majority of the patients had diabetes-related complaints. Patients’ satisfaction with the pharmaceutical care services offered was good. Periodic evaluation of the quality of life and satisfaction with health-care services among patients with DM is recommended.\u0000","PeriodicalId":376259,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129322664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beneficial effects of a polyherbal formulation in the management of sickle cell disease","authors":"A. Kola-Mustapha, Mohammed Otuofu Amali, S. Atunwa, I. Ishola, L. Farayola, M. Adeyeye","doi":"10.25259/ajpps_9_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ajpps_9_2022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Inflammation and pain among other comorbid conditions are prominent clinical complications associated with sickle cell disease (SCD). Despite significant improvement in the understanding of SCD pathophysiology, adverse effects of current treatment options are of great concerns. Faradin® (TD) is a polyherbal mixture used in the management of SCD. This study evaluates the acute toxicity, antinociceptive, and anti-inflammatory actions of TD.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Acute toxicity study of TD was conducted according to test guidelines-423 of the Organization for Economic, Cooperation, and Development. Anti-inflammatory effect was assessed with carrageenan-induced paw edema and xylene-induced ear edema while antinociceptive effect was assessed using tail immersion, acetic acid-induced writhing, and formalin-induced nociceptive methods.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Oral administration of TD showed no acute toxic behavior. TD showed non-dose-related inhibition of inflammation in carrageenan- and xylene-induced edema when compared with vehicle-treated control. Post hoc analysis also revealed that TD caused significant increase in pain threshold in acetic acid, formalin, and tail immersion model of nociception. However, TD-induced antinociception was reversed by naloxone (opioid receptor antagonist) indicative of opioidergic system involvement.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings from this study showed that TD has wide margin of safety and possessed anti-inflammatory as well as antinociceptive properties which lend credence to its potentials in the management of painful and inflammatory conditions associated with SCD.\u0000","PeriodicalId":376259,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124998244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of differentiated models of care for stable patients on antiretroviral therapy in a tertiary health facility in Southwestern Nigeria","authors":"Christianah Temitope Akosile, K. J. Awogbemi, Cyriacus Azuka Opara","doi":"10.25259/ajpps_10_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ajpps_10_2022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Differentiated care is a patient-centered care designed to improve quality of antiretroviral therapy (ART) service delivery. However, documenting patient experiences on models of differentiated care are critical to understanding and improving the models. This study assessed the preferences of patients on ART for differentiated care models and also explored the experiences of patients with the models.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000An in-depth interview was conducted on 30 patients on differentiated care models. Interviews were audio recorded, later transcribed, and combined with notes taken during the interview. Themes around preference for models, benefits, and challenges associated with models and subthemes were developed from the codes, verified, and analyzed using content analysis. Atlasti version 8 was used to code and develop themes from the data collected.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Participants expressed preferences for fast track model which is a facility-based model. They also reported that models yielded key benefits including reduced waiting time and cost of accessing drugs. The major negative impact reported by participants in community-based model was increased status disclosure risk and instability of program in the community pharmacies.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Study participants living with human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome on differentiated care preferred facility-based models. Program instability and increased risk of status disclosure were major challenges associated with community-based model.\u0000","PeriodicalId":376259,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131881421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging the gap between evidence-based practice and probiotic utilization among US adults: Results from a national survey","authors":"Ayse Elif Ozdener-Poyraz, A. Rivkin, O. Iwuchukwu, Dan Cassino","doi":"10.25259/ajpps_5_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ajpps_5_2022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Recently published guidelines recommend probiotics for only a few indications. However, probiotics are widely utilized by consumers due to accessibility, perceived safety, and belief that they promote gut health. The objective of this survey study was to examine probiotic use, evaluate public knowledge regarding the risks and benefits of probiotics, and identify variables that predict the use of probiotics among US adults.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The survey was conducted among a random sample of 1000 adults living in the US, from January 28 through February 13, 2019. Analysis was conducted with Chi-square tests and Pearson correlation with 95% confidence intervals and a significance level of 5% for all tests. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify associations between survey respondents’ characteristics and use of probiotics.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Thirty-one percent of respondents stated they currently take or have taken probiotics daily, while 29% are considering future use. Sixty-four percent of daily probiotic users were taking probiotics without a medical provider’s recommendation. Six percent sought counseling from a pharmacist for over-the-counter products, including probiotics. A multivariate logistic regression showed that women, whites, 4-year college graduates, and younger respondents were more likely to report probiotic use. An additional logistic regression showed a significant conditional relationship between chronic illness, education, and white race (P<0.05).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Guideline-recommended indications for probiotic use are limited. This study showed some respondents may be using probiotics unnecessarily. Pharmacists can educate the public about probiotic benefits and prevent unnecessary use of these products.\u0000","PeriodicalId":376259,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130562323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Should insulin billing procedure codes be considered for exposure ascertainment in pharmacoepidemiology studies?","authors":"E. Eworuke, C. Hampp, T. Menzin, Jillian Burk, Sheryl A. Kluberg","doi":"10.25259/ajpps_7_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ajpps_7_2022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The purpose of the study was to examine whether Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System (HCPCS) billing codes should be used in conjunction with National Drug Codes (NDCs) to establish insulin exposure episodes.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000We identified insulin claims billed by NDCs or HCPCS codes in FDA’s Sentinel System from 2013 to 2018. We created insulin exposure episodes separately based on NDCs only, HCPCS only, and a combination of both NDC and HCPCS. We considered gaps of <30 days between valid billing codes as continuous exposure. Patients were followed until the earliest of (1) episode end date, (2) death, (3) disenrollment, (4) query end date, and (5) evidence of the opposite exposure defining code type (for cohorts defined by only NDCs or only HCPCS). We examined the median duration of incident episodes, requiring no NDC or HCPCS codes in the 183 days (washout period) before the first billing code and prevalent episodes (no washout period required). For patients with more than 1 treatment episode, we calculated median gap length between episodes.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000We identified 107,528,855 insulin claims using NDCs or HCPCS. Of these, 98.5% were billed using NDCs. HCPCS were largely billed during emergency and ambulatory visits (52.5% and 38%, respectively). We identified 6,350,872 incident and 12,922,593 prevalent NDC episodes; and 6,821,075 incident and 13,465,108 prevalent NDC-HCPCS episodes. The median length of the first incident NDC. NDC episodes was 110 days (IQR: 60; 212); 31 (IQR: 19; 31) days for HCPCS only and 90 (IQR: 19-31) for NDC-HCPCS episodes. The median gap between the first and second episodes was shorter for incident NDC episodes than HCPCS episodes (NDC: 49 [IQR: 17; 132]; HCPCS: 249 [IQR: 93; 550]). Prevalent episodes showed similar trends.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000HCPCS insulin codes appeared to indicate either 1 time or sporadic occurrences with long gaps between two codes. HCPCS codes in conjunction with NDC codes increased the number but reduced the median length of insulin episodes. Unless studies investigate the effects of insulin administered in specific settings to identify transient adverse reactions treated with insulin, we do not encourage the use of HCPCS to establish insulin exposure episodes.\u0000","PeriodicalId":376259,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127411159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of pharmaceutical promotions on antibiotics prescribing behavior of Nigerian private medical practitioners","authors":"I. Offor, Hadiza F. Abubakar, A. Joda","doi":"10.25259/ajpps_8_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ajpps_8_2022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000About 80% of pharmaceutical marketing efforts are directed toward physicians who are important decision-makers to patients’ medication needs. Pharmaceutical marketing can affect drug prescriptions, which, in turn, may adversely impact prescription practices. This study investigated the effect of pharmaceutical promotions on the antibiotic prescribing behavior of private practice physicians.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A cross-sectional and descriptive design was employed. Self-administered questionnaires, scaled on a linear 5-point Likert Scale, were distributed among 268 physicians attending the 44th annual scientific conference of the Association of Nigerian Private Medical Practitioners at Ibadan, in Southwest Nigeria.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The study achieved a response rate of 94%, and 243 completely filled questionnaires were included for data analysis using R version 4. Cronbach’s alpha reliability of the research instrument was found to be 0.991, indicating an excellent internal consistency. Most of the physicians were male (71%), medical officers (83%), and 49% were between the ages of 51 and 60 years. About 65% had over 20 years of practice experience. A majority, 211 (87%), have prescribed antibiotics under the influence of pharmaceutical companies’ promotions. However, Fisher’s exact tests demonstrated a weak association between relevant independent variables and the dependent variable (P > 0.05).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Product detailing by pharmaceutical sales representatives was the most popular form of promotion and company-sponsored presentations had the greatest influence on the physicians’ prescription practice. It is, therefore, recommended that pharmaceutical promotions should be well regulated to guard against unethical practices.\u0000","PeriodicalId":376259,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128612032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of SGLT2 inhibitors in heart failure","authors":"Kathleen A. Lusk, Rebekah M. Benitez, J. Carter, Harneal Diocee, Jenna L. Snoga","doi":"10.25259/ajpps_5_2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ajpps_5_2021","url":null,"abstract":"Heart failure (HF) is a highly prevalent disease worldwide. Its prevalence is expected to grow for the foreseeable future increasing the need for continuous assessment and optimization of guideline-directed medical therapy. The purpose of this article is to review available data assessing the use of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors for management of HF. An independent literature search using PubMed was performed by each author to identify all pertinent articles. In addition, reference sections of each article were reviewed. Articles were eligible for inclusion if they assessed the use of SGLT2 inhibitors on therapeutic outcomes related to HF. Among patients with HF, SGLT2 inhibitors reduced the risk of cardiovascular mortality and HF hospitalization regardless of the presence of diabetes. These agents increased the risk of urinary and genital infections. These data support the addition of SGLT2 inhibitors to guideline-directed medical therapy in HF patients, especially those with a reduced ejection fraction.","PeriodicalId":376259,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123538847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Welcome to the American Journal of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutical Sciences","authors":"Ashiwel S. Undieh, P. Nwakama, Anthony Ikeme","doi":"10.25259/ajpps_8_2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ajpps_8_2021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":376259,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121968877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}