Conservation and Society最新文献_第3页

Ontological Politics and Conservation in Thailand: Communities Making Rivers and Fish Matter 泰国的本体论政治和保护:使河流和鱼类重要的社区

Conservation and Society Pub Date : 2023-10-25 DOI: 10.4103/cs.cs_129_22

Peter Duker, Peter Vandergeest, Santi Klanarongchao

{"title":"Ontological Politics and Conservation in Thailand: Communities Making Rivers and Fish Matter","authors":"Peter Duker, Peter Vandergeest, Santi Klanarongchao","doi":"10.4103/cs.cs_129_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cs.cs_129_22","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The lens of ontological politics explains the persistence of conflicts between upland ethnic minorities such as Karen peoples and state forest conservation agencies in Thailand. As can be seen with Karen communities in areas managed as national parks, such as the Ngao River basin, the environmental management practices employed by state agencies and ethnic minority communities enact different ontologies of conservation. We argue that shifting the focus of conservation discourse from forests to inland fish could present opportunities for both recognition of and government support for community-based conservation. We demonstrate how state forest conservation agencies foreclose other ontologies, thus precluding community-based conservation. Such ontological dominance, however, is more contested in the case of state agencies with jurisdiction over inland waters. By examining river management and conservation in the Ngao River basin, we consider how these communities make visible the agency of fish and other aquatic life through their knowledges and practices. We argue that Ngao Karen communities have demonstrated that they can account for and conserve aquatic life in inland waters in ways that the Thai state has been unable to do, thus legitimising otherwise marginalised ontologies for ‘resource’ management and conservation throughout Thailand. Abstract in Thai: rb.gy/j0ify","PeriodicalId":376207,"journal":{"name":"Conservation and Society","volume":"49 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135169251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mapping Attitudes on Illegal Wildlife Trade: Implications for Management and Governance 了解人们对非法野生动植物贸易的态度：对管理和治理的影响

Conservation and Society Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/cs.cs_149_21

Felber J. Arroyave, Jeffrey Jenkins, Rafael Hurtado

{"title":"Mapping Attitudes on Illegal Wildlife Trade: Implications for Management and Governance","authors":"Felber J. Arroyave, Jeffrey Jenkins, Rafael Hurtado","doi":"10.4103/cs.cs_149_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cs.cs_149_21","url":null,"abstract":"Illegal wildlife trade (IWT) is a problem affecting societies and ecosystems. However, it remains unclear which management strategies are suitable for addressing this issue, particularly when considering the diversity of actors, interests, and nuances of the problem. We argue that inclusive management strategies require multiple—and, at times, even opposite—actors to coalesce around the fundamentals of the problem. An initial step towards formulating management strategies is identifying how the multiple actors involved understand the problem and its possible solutions (i.e., their attitudes). Although previous studies have addressed actors' attitudes regarding IWT, they have rarely evaluated how attitudes vary among different actors. Against this backdrop, this study uses mixed methods to evaluate convergences in the attitudes of multiple actors (e.g., poachers, authorities, and police forces, among others) in Colombia. Importantly, this work has revealed that diverse IWT-related attitudes exist and are not necessarily shaped by contextual factors (e.g., social relations); instead, they are explained by actors' experiences and preferred governance forms. We argue that IWT management must advance towards reconciling attitudes, bridging complementary actors, and fostering the institutionalisation of narratives at multiple scales.","PeriodicalId":376207,"journal":{"name":"Conservation and Society","volume":"27 1","pages":"165 - 176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139365089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Fine Balance? Value-relations, Post-capitalism and Forest Conservation—A Case from India 微妙的平衡？价值关系、后资本主义与森林保护--印度案例

Conservation and Society Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/cs.cs_112_22

Annie James, Neema Broome

{"title":"A Fine Balance? Value-relations, Post-capitalism and Forest Conservation—A Case from India","authors":"Annie James, Neema Broome","doi":"10.4103/cs.cs_112_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cs.cs_112_22","url":null,"abstract":"The serious need for anti-capitalist theory and action in a crisis-ridden world is widely acknowledged. Recent scholarship in conservation abides by this understanding, and finer deliberation on the links between radical theory and ongoing practices have grown but are still marginal. In this article, we study a case of community forest governance in Korchi, Maharashtra in India, where 87 village institutions and their federation have been striving to govern and manage surrounding forests in ecologically-sustainable and democratically-collective ways. Using Marx's labour theory of value and metabolic rift concept, in combination with Ariel Salleh's notion of metabolic value, we explore how Korchi's attempt at eco-sufficiency is premised upon a fine balance between different values its villagers associate with their forests. This requires us to see Korchi's villagers as meta-industrial labourers, a term Salleh uses for workers whose labouring practices—marked by care and reciprocity—typically lie on the margins of capitalism. Using the (analytical) lens of value relations, we show how such practices towards forests help sustain a healthy metabolic relation between humans and nature, not dominated by exchange value concerns. We thus offer conceptual nuance on how post-capitalist theory can better support the real-world practice of alternatives to mainstream conservation.","PeriodicalId":376207,"journal":{"name":"Conservation and Society","volume":"7 1","pages":"188 - 199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139365642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Everyday Environmental Justice in Payments for Ecosystem Services: Insights From Two Protected Areas in China 生态系统服务付费中的日常环境正义：中国两个保护区的启示

Conservation and Society Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/cs.cs_128_22

Jun He

{"title":"Everyday Environmental Justice in Payments for Ecosystem Services: Insights From Two Protected Areas in China","authors":"Jun He","doi":"10.4103/cs.cs_128_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cs.cs_128_22","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, social justice for the management of ecosystem services is promoted widely in international communities. Efforts have increased to develop indicators for justice assessment, but these are relatively static forms of results-oriented analysis without much understanding of the dynamics and pluralities of local justice in the management of ecosystem services. This research uses a novel perspective of everyday environmental justice (EEJ) to examine local practices of environmental justice in two protected areas in China where two different payments for ecosystem services (PES) schemes have been implemented. It demonstrates EEJ as a useful, process-oriented analysis that provides a deeper understanding of peoples' everyday lives and their environmental management practices within the varied contexts of local justice. Everyday practices of EEJ highlight the spatiotemporal dynamics and plurality of justice, thereby offering a broader and more explicit conception of the distributive, procedural and recognition dimensions of environmental justice in local contexts. The research calls on policymakers and researchers to consider the everyday practices of EEJ with a heightened understanding of the spatiotemporal dynamics of multidimensional justice.","PeriodicalId":376207,"journal":{"name":"Conservation and Society","volume":"397 1","pages":"153 - 164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139364571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Understanding Conservation Conflicts in Uganda: A Political Ecology of Memory Approach 了解乌干达的保护冲突：记忆的政治生态学方法

Conservation and Society Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/cs.cs_73_22

Emmanuel Akampurira

{"title":"Understanding Conservation Conflicts in Uganda: A Political Ecology of Memory Approach","authors":"Emmanuel Akampurira","doi":"10.4103/cs.cs_73_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cs.cs_73_22","url":null,"abstract":"Political ecologists have linked conservation conflicts in post-independence Africa to the continuities and legacies of colonial policies that displaced and dispossessed people to create 'wild places'. This paper introduces a political ecology of vernacular memory to discuss the Basongora people's vernacular memories of their historical dispossession to create the Queen Elizabeth National Park (QENP) in Uganda. It explores how these events spurred multidirectional memories of resilience, heroism, victimhood, and resistance that the Basongora pastoralists deploy to reclaim social-political autonomy and agency. Using archival data and historical ethnography, I examine how the Basongora mobilise vernacular memory in contemporary contestations with the state and conservation authorities in QENP. Vernacular memory provides a moral authority that helps subordinated groups contest the hegemonic dominance of conservation authorities. A political ecology approach to vernacular memory reveals how people use memory politics to legitimise their claims in contested environments—an essential fact of contemporary conservation conflicts. This paper is the first to conceptualise how vernacular memories can legitimise the decolonisation of conservation narratives and community resistance against conservation.","PeriodicalId":376207,"journal":{"name":"Conservation and Society","volume":"37 1","pages":"177 - 187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139366060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Living and Working with Giants: A Multispecies Ethnography of the Khamti and Elephants in Northeast India 与巨人一起生活和工作：印度东北部康提人和大象的多物种民族志

Conservation and Society Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/cs.cs_41_23

Anindya Sinha

引用次数: 0

Global Environmental Politics: the transformative role of emerging economies 全球环境政治：新兴经济体的变革作用

Conservation and Society Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/cs.cs_59_23

Rohan D'Souza

引用次数: 0

Reinventing Nature in Kaziranga National Park: A History of Rhinoceros Conservation in Assam, 1948–1974 在卡兹兰加国家公园重塑自然:阿萨姆邦犀牛保护的历史，1948-1974

Conservation and Society Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.4103/cs.cs_143_21

B. Sarmah

引用次数: 0

Conservation of Abundance: How Fungi can Contribute to Rethinking Conservation 丰度保护:真菌如何有助于重新思考保护

Conservation and Society Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.4103/cs.cs_23_22

Elizabeth Barron

{"title":"Conservation of Abundance: How Fungi can Contribute to Rethinking Conservation","authors":"Elizabeth Barron","doi":"10.4103/cs.cs_23_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cs.cs_23_22","url":null,"abstract":"Mainstream biodiversity conservation continues to emphasise the rapid disappearance of charismatic megafauna. Fungi are ignored, partially because many are invisible. However, their conservation is of growing concern because their decline signals a decrease in overall biodiversity and losses in ecosystem integrity and function. Social science engagement with microbes is of growing interest because the diverse characteristics of fungal bodies create new entry points for conservation. Using data collected over three years from literature review, lab ethnography, and interviews, this paper develops two new concepts intended to operate at the intersection of these discussions. A review of the fungal conservation literature finds mainstream species conservation an ill fit for fungi. Drawing from the literature on ecosystem function and conservation biopolitics, I introduce the term 'functional collectives' to reframe the role of fungi in nature through a focus on fungal bodies. Acknowledging the extraordinary diversity of fungi and their relative unknowability, I further introduce the concept of 'conservation of abundance'. A focus on abundance rather than scarcity meets the needs expressed by fungal conservationists for habitat protection and conservation based on available knowledge. Both concepts align with the biophysical realities of fungi while also answering growing calls within social conservation for conviviality and care.","PeriodicalId":376207,"journal":{"name":"Conservation and Society","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127621443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Uneven Donor Engagement and Fraught Transboundary Conservation Approaches 不平衡的捐赠参与和令人担忧的跨界保护方法

Conservation and Society Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.4103/cs.cs_59_22

Lameck Kachena, S. Spiegel

{"title":"Uneven Donor Engagement and Fraught Transboundary Conservation Approaches","authors":"Lameck Kachena, S. Spiegel","doi":"10.4103/cs.cs_59_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cs.cs_59_22","url":null,"abstract":"Mainstream environmental literature has often presented the initiation of transfrontier conservation areas (TFCAs) in southern Africa as progress, obscuring the influences of geopolitics and capitalist power relationships that shape TFCA initiatives. Recognising the need to explore trajectories that threaten the very core of what TFCA approaches, in theory, stand for, we undertook an ethnographic study in the Chimanimani TFCA along the Zimbabwe-Mozambique border to examine outcomes of uneven funding commitments associated with geopolitics and neoliberal conservation initiatives. We discuss how on the Mozambique side, access to donor funding linked to neoliberal programming has been associated with unfulfilled promises of 'conservation-based enterprises' and the grabbing of livelihood resources, while constricted access to conservation funding has been instrumentalised as a rationale for coercive 'fortress conservation' approaches in Zimbabwe, shaping tensions between park authorities and buffer communities. Communities on both sides of the TFCA experience unintended socio-ecological trajectories associated with economic inequalities and systems of exploitation, in turn leading to fraught conservation in the TFCA. Considering how these inequalities in TFCA management have also been worsened by shocks, including extreme climatic events and the COVID-19 pandemic, we conclude that more attention is warranted to the impact of uneven donor engagement driven by neoliberal principles and geopolitics on conservation.","PeriodicalId":376207,"journal":{"name":"Conservation and Society","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123721630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0