Conference Record 2002 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.02CH37273)最新文献

{"title":"Development of advanced CRT disassembly technology","authors":"E.S. Geskin, B. Goldenberg, R. Caudill","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2002.1003274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2002.1003274","url":null,"abstract":"One of the objectives of this project is to develop and demonstrate waterjet technologies capable of effectively and efficiently cutting CRTs in order to separate the faceplate from the funnel. The developed technology is capable of separating CRTs at the frit line or just below in order to achieve both high-lead and low-lead cullet output compositions. This capability extends potential secondary markets for recovered CRT glass to include architectural and construction applications by avoiding the environmental concern for leaded glass which exceed the USEPA TCLP test threshold. The process assures continuous cutting of various sizes of CRTs at the competitive processing rate and high line throughput. The study involved CRT cutting using various nozzle configurations and various conditions of the jet-substrate interactions. A continuous cutting system was designed based upon information from experimental data and optimization procedures. In this system sequentially located cutting nozzles are fixed and the CRT moves along a conveyor system. A full size, laboratory scale prototype demonstrating this technology was constructed and successfully tested. Another objective of this exploratory study was to determine the technical feasibility of fluidized bed based technology for cleaning CRT glass cullet. An experimental laboratory setup for glass cleaning was constructed and glass decontamination was investigated. The setup entails a glass cylinder filled by water and equipped by an air nozzle at the bottom. Cleaning was achieved by stirring of the water bath containing glass cullet by the injected air stream. Observation of glass motion in the course of cleaning demonstrated that the surface processing was mostly due to fragment collisions. The results of cleaning were evaluated by visual inspection of the generated surfaces and examination of the size distribution of the glass cullet. A range of process characteristics and bed formulations producing visually clean cullet without undue reduction in the cullet size was determined.","PeriodicalId":375663,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record 2002 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.02CH37273)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116766575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Critical issues in establishing a viable supply chain/reverse logistic management program","authors":"Jade Lee, Howard McShane, Wayne Kozlowski","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2002.1003257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2002.1003257","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we intend to analyze the complex issues that OEM's face in managing their worse nightmare-reverse logistics. Viable solutions are proposed to solve the problems, streamline the operation and ultimately enhance the bottom line. Since our company, System Service International (SSI) is a 3rd party reverse logistic service provider for major corporations from a variety of industries, the numbers used and scenario described are based on our own experience and data.","PeriodicalId":375663,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record 2002 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.02CH37273)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115109559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementing producer responsibility: managing end-of-life consumables in an IT-service industry","authors":"A. Hume, S. Grimes, T. Jackson, Joy G. Boyce","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2002.1003256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2002.1003256","url":null,"abstract":"An important tenet of the producer responsibility concept is to place the responsibility for end-of-life management of consumer goods with the identified producer of the goods. This concept has been used, for example, in the context of the proposed EU Directive on Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE). Over the last two years ICL has implemented a pilot scheme for the management of end-of-life compact disc (CD) material in response to evolving EU legislation. The paper outlines the design and operation of this scheme and discusses some of the policy lessons which emerge from it. It highlights that there are tensions between environmental benefits and economic incentives in improving end-of-life management. These make it desirable to push responsibility up the supply chain but this is hampered by the complexities within the business-to-business relationships. The extent to which these complexities may undermine the producer responsibility concept is considered.","PeriodicalId":375663,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record 2002 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.02CH37273)","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116272815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Web-enabled Virtual Disassembly Manager (web-VDM) for electronic product/process designers, disassembly line managers and operators, and our UML model and tools","authors":"P. Ranky, R. Caudill, K. Limaye, N. Alli, S. ChamyVelumani, A. Bhatia, M. Lonkar","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2002.1003241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2002.1003241","url":null,"abstract":"The Web-enabled Virtual Disassembly Manager (web-VDM) for electronic product/process designers, disassembly line managers and operators project is a major MERC/NJIT R&D group effort, supported by several funding agencies, companies and institutions and their hard working staff and RAs (research assistants). The purpose of this paper is to introduce a segment of this project, by discussing object oriented, validated modeling methods and software tools, as well as a system architecture in UML (Unified Modeling Language) that enables individual, as well as e-commerce-linked, B2B (business to business) collaborative enterprises to analyze and design all critical aspects of their demanufacturing and logistics processes over the web, manage their disassembly lines and provide electronic support systems for operators. Besides an overview of our system model, this paper focuses on specific, web-enabled electronic support tools for e-commerce of harvested components and parts, as well as tools for disassembly line managers and operators. Furthermore, integrated with the above system, we demonstrate our tools, and our novel 3D part identification and electronic object/component marking method, that helps line managers to identify physical objects/components electronically and then publish these objects over the web as part of our web-VDM database.","PeriodicalId":375663,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record 2002 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.02CH37273)","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134190153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulations and market forces combined to success [electrical equipment recycling]","authors":"B. Ronningen","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2002.1003244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2002.1003244","url":null,"abstract":"Although Norway began seriously to tackle the increasing problem of EE waste only relatively recently, it has become the first country in Europe to implement comprehensive take-back legislation-which is now the strictest in Europe, and perhaps the world. The economic burden is placed on the first link in the value chain, the producer/importer. Consumers and professionals/companies can deliver discarded EE products to the retailer, who is required to accept them free of charge and pass them on through the system for treatment, recycling and/or disposal. It is also free to deliver to authorized collection points. The system has been set up and is operated by the industry. Costs are determined by market forces; the system as a whole operates on commercial principles and is on course to meeting its targets. Developing the technology and working out the most cost-efficient solutions are crucial tasks best carried out by the industry itself rather than the authorities. Norway has come a long way in finding solutions (some rather unorthodox!) to the problem of EE waste. My hope is that we might be seen as a sort of \"laboratory\", from which good results on a small scale (Norway is a small country) can be circulated, reproduced and developed in the wider world.","PeriodicalId":375663,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record 2002 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.02CH37273)","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127312358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One good product deserves to be another-Sony TV speaker box","authors":"D. Smith, B. Kim, T. Callan","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2002.1003228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2002.1003228","url":null,"abstract":"As more and more electronics products become waste as opposed to being repaired with the advent of low-cost manufacturing, Sony Technology Center-San Diego (STC-SD) engineers looked into areas where they could reduce manufacturing costs, conserve natural resources and promote new business all while protecting the environment. After much research and investigation, they discovered the perfect venue. Sony TV manufacturing in the San Diego region currently requires 6 million pounds, or $2.7 million, of plastics each year to produce the internal speakers, Sony engineers working with procurement specialists found old agricultural plastic trays, coat hangers and electrical wire spools can be used as a raw material in the production of the boxes resulting in the first known use, worldwide, for post-consumer plastic in a product of this type. This paper describes the engineering and quality control developed to meet the requirements that demand near virgin replication of physical properties including UL certification. Sourcing recycled content is an equal challenge, which procurement investigated the viability of several re-processing companies for reliable quantity per month, quality control, and business stability all for the purpose of being able to supply a continuous reliable stream to our mold shops. Raw material costs were lowered while preventing this plastic waste from entering the municipal waste streams. This accomplishment is absolutely significant in that this is the first step in realizing a truly sustainable solution to the growing volume of waste electronics. Its sustainable because the driving force is economics. Not only are costs lowered, but also valuable plastics are being saved from destruction. The scrap from electronic products is not really waste, its just a new source of raw material for the next generation of products. Plastics are: durable; lightweight; versatile; cost-effective; and reusable. Introduced into production September 1999, the manufacturing expanded to all TV models in the San Diego/Tijuana region in 2001.","PeriodicalId":375663,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record 2002 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.02CH37273)","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125420756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing public exposure to silver-contaminated groundwater from lead-free solder: an upper bound, risk-based approach","authors":"E. Masanet","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2002.1003261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2002.1003261","url":null,"abstract":"The paper summarizes the results of a study to assess the potential human health risk associated with exposure to silver-contaminated groundwater from lead-free solder leachate. The specific alloy investigated is 96.3Sn/3.2Ag/0.7Cu. Silver transport in the groundwater is modeled using a one-dimensional advection-dispersion equation, and worst-case values for all system parameters have been chosen to provide a preliminary upper bound on potential human health risk. Worst-case assumptions include high infiltration and leakage rates, high leachate silver concentration and a short distance to nearby drinking wells. Results show that in the worst-case scenario, silver concentrations may exceed drinking water standards at nearby wells after roughly 100 years. When more typical system parameters are employed, results show that silver concentrations at nearby wells may not ever exceed drinking water standards. This study therefore provides insight into the potential magnitude of human health risks associated with lead-free solder leachates. More detailed analyses are recommended to quantify potential health risks for specific populations and site conditions.","PeriodicalId":375663,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record 2002 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.02CH37273)","volume":"1985 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125466135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A life cycle energy comparison of two journal collections: electronic and traditional","authors":"D.L. Gard, G. Keoleian","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2002.1003237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2002.1003237","url":null,"abstract":"Computer networking is a significant and growing socio-technological phenomenon. As with any complex human system, its environmental impacts are difficult to discern. The challenge of determining energy consumption related to the operation and support of IT networks is compounded by the need to consider potential substitutions or technology displacements caused by networking. A comparative life cycle energy analysis was conducted for two journal collections: electronic and traditional print. Findings indicate that neither system has a clear energy advantage over the other, relative performance varies depending on the scenario considered In particular, results for both systems depend highly upon the actual number of readings per journal article due to the allocation of fixed energy burdens. In addition, energy consumed by networking infrastructure is relatively insignificant compared with other system elements in the electronic journal collection.","PeriodicalId":375663,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record 2002 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.02CH37273)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126687817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electronic product design for end-of-life management: a policy perspective","authors":"W. Rifer, D. Stitzhal","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2002.1003281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2002.1003281","url":null,"abstract":"The authors are participants in two multi-stakeholder dialogues: Western Electronic Product Stewardship Initiative (WEPSI) and National Electronic Product Stewardship Initiative (NEPSI). Both dialogues are scheduled to be completed by fall, 2002. These ongoing processes engage manufacturers, suppliers, recyclers, nonprofit organizations, and government in exploring the benefits of a shared-responsibility product stewardship framework for electronics. The authors here explore ideas and options that have come out of the ongoing WEPSI multi-stakeholder process. These ideas do not necessarily reflect the full consensus support of all stakeholders, nor have they been finalized as a recommended approach by WEPSI participants. These ideas are the authors' and are presented with the intent of receiving critical review and suggestions.","PeriodicalId":375663,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record 2002 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.02CH37273)","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114214233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated planning of electronic scrap disassembly and bulk recycling","authors":"Martin Ploog, T. S. Spengler","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2002.1003277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2002.1003277","url":null,"abstract":"The development of cost-efficient recovery concepts for discarded electronic products can be supported by the detailed analysis of material flows. This paper presents a sophisticated operations research model for integrated disassembly and bulk recycling planning problems. In a project that was carried out with a major German electronic scrap recycling enterprise, the daily program of recovered products and recovery operations had to be determined by a cost-efficient recycling program. The program takes into account the restrictions given by personnel, unit and market capacities including the consideration of the following problems: What discarded products should be chosen for treatment? /spl middot/ What level of disassembly should be chosen? Which scrap types should be treated in the internal bulk recycling facilities? What should be marketed externally? Based on the analysis of the material flows throughout the recycling enterprise regarding acquisition, disassembly and bulk recycling, a mixed-integer-linear-programming (MILP) model for integrated disassembly and bulk recycling planning problems has been developed, implemented and solved. As a conclusion, the innovative model provides practicable decision support for integrated recovery facilities. Compared with basic programs, an improvement of at least 10% concerning the total achievable marginal income can be obtained.","PeriodicalId":375663,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record 2002 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.02CH37273)","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122715007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}