ERN: Value-Added Tax; Goods & Services Tax (Topic)最新文献

{"title":"The Digital Services Tax on the Verge of Implementation","authors":"W. Cui","doi":"10.32721/ctj.2019.67.4.sym.cui","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32721/ctj.2019.67.4.sym.cui","url":null,"abstract":"France enacted the digital services tax (DST) in 2019, and similar legislation is pending in the United Kingdom, Spain, Italy, and other countries. The DST can be viewed as a tax on location-specific rent (LSR), and it arguably solves genuinely new problems in international taxation. The author briefly reviews this justification of the DST and further examines the DST design in light of three criticisms. The first criticism is that certain features of the DST render it similar to distortionary import tariffs. The second is that the DST would not be borne by digital platforms but would only be shifted to platform users. The third is that governments promoting the DST seem not to characterize it as a tax on LSR but, instead, have advocated reforming the income tax. The author suggests ways of rationalizing the DST's tariff-like features, refutes casual arguments about the DST's incidence, and offers a framework for understanding why small economies might advocate simultaneously for the DST and for the reformation of international income taxation.","PeriodicalId":375480,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Value-Added Tax; Goods & Services Tax (Topic)","volume":"30 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132055168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Red Tape? The Revenue Impact of the VAT Filing Thresholds","authors":"Shekhar Mittal","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3348777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3348777","url":null,"abstract":"Value-added tax systems across the world are afflicted with size-dependent regulations. The benefit of such regulations to the tax authority is unclear. In this paper, we use an administrative dataset from the state of Delhi in India to first show that a policy which mandated different frequencies of filing based on self-reported turnover resulted in bunching of firms below the thresholds at all levels. Using the subsequent change in these reporting policies, we provide evidence that such sharp bunching indeed occurs due to the VAT reporting frequency thresholds. We document that such bunching partly occurs due to revenue shifting and underreporting, provide evidence that the observed bunching has no growth consequences for the bunching firms - and find that bunching occurs to similar degree across industries. Second, we calculate the VAT revenue losses due to such bunching. Third, the subsequent withdrawal of the policy allows us to show that in a regime with size-dependent reporting requirements, more frequent reporting is not associated with greater VAT collection. Finally, according to our back of the envelope welfare analysis, the sized-based filing policy is welfare improving if a welfare-maximizing government’s objective function assigns important weights to small- and medium-sized enterprises.","PeriodicalId":375480,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Value-Added Tax; Goods & Services Tax (Topic)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134030019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Sectoral Effects of Value-Added Tax: Evidence from UAE Stock Markets","authors":"A. Gopakumar, Avneet Kaur, V. Ramiah, K. Reddy","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3591102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3591102","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the impact of 19 announcements pertaining to the introduction of value-added tax (VAT) in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) on equities listed on the Abu Dhabi Stock Exchange (ADX). Using a well-established event study methodology over the period 2015 to 2018, a sector-wise assessment of the value constructiveness or destructiveness of these announcements is conducted. In addition, an estimation of sector-wise changes in systematic risk following these announcements is provided. Significant sectoral differences in abnormal returns are observed with industries such as insurance and retail showing higher sensitivity. Certain announcements are identified as exerting more impact than others. The results document the outcome of the implementation of VAT and provide guidance to other countries in the Gulf region that plan to introduce VAT.","PeriodicalId":375480,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Value-Added Tax; Goods & Services Tax (Topic)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125575633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Pass-Through of the Largest Tax on Sugar-Sweetened Beverages: The Case of Boulder, Colorado","authors":"J. Cawley, Chelsea Crain, David Frisvold, David Jones","doi":"10.3386/W25050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/W25050","url":null,"abstract":"We estimate the incidence of a relatively new type of excise tax, a tax on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). We examine the largest such tax to date, which is two cents per ounce, in Boulder, CO. Using data that were hand-collected from stores and restaurants in both Boulder and two control communities, as well as internet data of restaurant menus, we find that the tax was largely, but not completely, passed through to consumers 5-7 weeks after implementation. Some retailers add the tax only at the register, indicating that estimates solely from posted prices would result in an underestimate of pass-through.","PeriodicalId":375480,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Value-Added Tax; Goods & Services Tax (Topic)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123665392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Implementation of Goods and Service Tax on Indian Banking Sector","authors":"R. Revathi, Madhushree, P. Aithal","doi":"10.47992/ijcsbe.2581.6942.0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47992/ijcsbe.2581.6942.0039","url":null,"abstract":"The banking sector is one of the biggest and revenue generating sector in our economy. Indiais a country with impressively splendid banks with sufficient capital and well-regulated rulesand regulations. One of the biggest transformations that the sector faced during this period isGST i.e., Goods and Service Tax, a new tax regime introduced in the midnight of 1 July2017. Now the new tax regime has become one year old and there are so many changeswhich happened in the banking sector during this one-year periods. Introduction of GST tothe banking sector was one the highly risky and challenging role for the government. GST isa replacement to the Value Added Tax (VAT) which was implied on goods and services. Themain purpose of studying the impact of implementation of GST is to avoid double taxationon goods and services. It is a self-regulated tax system with a simplifies tax regime whichreduces the multiplicity of tax. The purpose of this study is to know the challenges faced bythe Banking sector and its effects on the customers after the implementation of the GST.New tax regime made an incredible step by the abolish of centralized registration of thebanks. Now all the bank branches have to register under GST in each state for the smoothfunctioning. The tax rate has created an impression in the banking sector that the sector iscontributing much toward the economic growth of the country. Tax slabs is anotherimportant and critical thing discussed in this paper which has substantially increasedcompared to the old tax regime. Data for the study have been collected from secondary datasources such as journals, internet, and news articles. Using the ABCD qualitative analysistechnique, advantages, benefits, constraints, and disadvantages for both banks and thecustomers for payment of GST are identified.","PeriodicalId":375480,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Value-Added Tax; Goods & Services Tax (Topic)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134107783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Threshold: Smallness and the Value-Added Tax","authors":"E. Satterthwaite","doi":"10.7916/D8TX4XGR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7916/D8TX4XGR","url":null,"abstract":"Three-quarters of the world’s population live in a country in which a value-added tax (VAT) is collected on sales of goods and services. The registration threshold determines which businesses—typically as measured by their annual revenues—remain exempt from the obligation to register for and collect VAT on their sales. Among VAT economists, there is broad consensus that setting thresholds higher rather than lower (such that more rather than fewer businesses are exempt) increases the economic efficiency of a VAT. Despite these high stakes and the longstanding expert consensus in favor of high thresholds, real-world thresholds vary widely and skew low, even within OECD and European countries. This article leverages the insights of the economic model to address an issue that lies outside of it but is central to lawyers and policymakers: fairness. Numerous studies show that smaller businesses’ costs of complying with the VAT are disproportionately higher than larger businesses. To the extent that lower-income entrepreneurs internalize those costs or pass them on to lower-income consumers, there is a vertical equity rationale for raising thresholds. Moreover, in the (typical) context in which small firms are more common than large firms, setting thresholds higher rather than lower—while also offering small suppliers an election to voluntarily register—can reduce the competitive unfairness of drawing an arbitrary bright line between firms above and below the threshold. Under these conditions, higher registration thresholds can improve both the fairness and the efficiency of a VAT.","PeriodicalId":375480,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Value-Added Tax; Goods & Services Tax (Topic)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133911332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Internet Sales Taxes and the Discriminatory Burden on Remote Retailers – An Economic Analysis","authors":"Ike Brannon, Michelle Hanlon, Eric W. Miller","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3140948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3140948","url":null,"abstract":"[enter Abstract Body]In the wake of South Dakota v. Wayfair et al. some commentators are calling for an Internet Sales Tax (IST) to “close the tax loophole” and “level the playing field” between internet sellers and local retail stores. This view is fatally flawed and based on a number of fundamental misconceptions about both modern retail and basic economics. First, the proposed IST is not a tax on “internet” retail sales, but rather a tax on remote small and micro enterprises that are already struggling to compete in a retail environment dominated by national retail chains, such as Amazon, Walmart, Target, or Home Depot. These mega retailers combine the use of state-of-the-art logistics and internet-enabled processes with local presence, and as such are already subject to sales tax liabilities. Second, the IST, if enacted, would be a discriminatory tariff on remote retailers, who would face significant compliance costs without reaping any benefits of being local, and without incurring any costs for local municipalities through their presence. Third, we deflate popular myths floated by the pro-IST coalition of local governments and local retail interests, including the flawed arguments that remote out-of-state retailers (i) are dominating the retail space; (ii) are responsible for the decline of family-owned brick-and-mortar retail stores, and (iii) deprive states and municipalities of billions of much-needed tax dollars. Finally, we provide an economic rationale for the simple truth that IST, if implemented, would harm, not help, the U.S. economy in the short- and long-term. We conclude that the current tax system is working as it should: businesses with a local presence and capabilities–imposing local costs, reaping local benefits, and reaching local consumers – are getting taxed as they should. Imposing such costs on remote retailers would be discriminatory and harmful for the U.S. economy.","PeriodicalId":375480,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Value-Added Tax; Goods & Services Tax (Topic)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130169315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Definitive VAT System: Breaking with Transition","authors":"R. de la Feria","doi":"10.54648/ecta2018013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54648/ecta2018013","url":null,"abstract":"This short paper reviews the EU proposals for a definite VAT system, concluding that, together with the newly approved digital package, they represent therefore real progress the previous VAT system. Yet, they are not enough. A fair, efficient and fraud-proof EU VAT system requires, in addition to those proposals, reform of the rules currently governing the VAT base, namely VAT rates and exemptions.","PeriodicalId":375480,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Value-Added Tax; Goods & Services Tax (Topic)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114970707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"American Business USA Corp: The Cloudy Lines of the Dormant Commerce Clause in Sales Taxation","authors":"Tyler Alcorn","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.3116359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3116359","url":null,"abstract":"Meeting the Dormant Commerce Clause requirements to levy a state sales tax requires interpreting decades old precedent and applying it to a modern digital world. These issues were highlighted in the Florida Supreme Court’s problematic Florida Dep’t of Revenue v. American Business USA Corp. decision. This article uses the Florida decision to illustrate the confusing and dangerous sales tax landscape, and proposes Congressional legislation to simplify and streamline the Dormant Commerce Clause test for sales tax.","PeriodicalId":375480,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Value-Added Tax; Goods & Services Tax (Topic)","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124441563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic Consequences of GST in India","authors":"D. Amutha","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3098357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3098357","url":null,"abstract":"The research paper focuses on the economic consequences of Goods and Services Tax (GST) personified newly in the Indian Tax structure. The paper also discusses the anticipated barriers and future predictions for GST. The Goods and Services Tax (GST) is a vast notion that simplifies the giant tax structure by supporting and augmenting the economic growth of a country. GST is a comprehensive tax levy on manufacturing, sale and consumption of goods and services at a national level. India’s historic and bold move towards integrated tax structure is viewed by most economists as an answer to regressive indirect tax structure. It is a comprehensive tax system that will subsume all indirect taxes of states and central governments and unified economy into a seamless national market. \u0000An important feature of GST is that products and services are equalized and are taxed at a fixed rate until customers access it within the supply chain. Therefore, tax reforms give equal rights to large and small businesses and taxpayers. Another important feature of India's GST rollout is that it is dual-based. In other words, both central and multiple government agencies will release GST separately. The central government will charge CGS T and the state will charge SGST respectively. However, the tax, tax and taxation standards are the same. This is necessary in view of the federal structure of the government if governments are free to manage their own taxes at two levels. GST would help in lesser corruption and increased tax revenue. It contributes towards a better and improved economy with single taxation. The system will make it easier to identify the tax defaulters. \u0000In India, GST is imposed on goods and services income. It is expected to iron out wrinkles of existing indirect tax system and play a vital role in growth of India. It is believed that GST would put India’s indirect tax structure at par with more than 140 countries and would be productive for all the sectors. Implementation of such reforms does face surmountable challenges; however this is expected to bring in benefits in the form of higher GDP and also transparency in the tax system. The GST would be imposed on the value – addition and thus would leave lesser scope for tax evasion.","PeriodicalId":375480,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Value-Added Tax; Goods & Services Tax (Topic)","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115540677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}