Genetics Research International最新文献_第9页

Epigenetics in social insects: a new direction for understanding the evolution of castes. 群居昆虫的表观遗传学:理解种姓进化的新方向。

Genetics Research International Pub Date : 2012-01-01 Epub Date: 2012-03-28 DOI: 10.1155/2012/609810

Susan A Weiner, Amy L Toth

{"title":"Epigenetics in social insects: a new direction for understanding the evolution of castes.","authors":"Susan A Weiner, Amy L Toth","doi":"10.1155/2012/609810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/609810","url":null,"abstract":"Epigenetic modifications to DNA, such as DNA methylation, can expand a genome's regulatory flexibility, and thus may contribute to the evolution of phenotypic plasticity. Recent work has demonstrated the importance of DNA methylation in alternative queen and worker \"castes\" in social insects, particularly honeybees. Social insects are an excellent system for addressing questions about epigenetics and evolution because: (1) they have dramatic caste polyphenisms that appear to be tied to differential methylation, (2) DNA methylation is widespread in various groups of social insects, and (3) there are intriguing connections between the social environment and DNA methylation in many species, from insects to mammals. In this article, we review research on honeybees, and, when available, other social insects, on DNA methylation and queen and worker caste differences. We outline a conceptual framework for the effects of methylation on caste determination in honeybees that may help guide studies of epigenetic regulation in other polyphenic taxa. Finally, we suggest future paths of study for social insect epigenetic research, including the importance of comparative studies of DNA methylation on a broader range of species, and highlight some key unanswered mechanistic questions about how DNA methylation affects gene regulation.","PeriodicalId":37545,"journal":{"name":"Genetics Research International","volume":"2012 ","pages":"609810"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/609810","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30602123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 98

General-purpose genotype or how epigenetics extend the flexibility of a genotype. 通用基因型或表观遗传学如何扩展基因型的灵活性。

Genetics Research International Pub Date : 2012-01-01 Epub Date: 2011-12-15 DOI: 10.1155/2012/317175

Rachel Massicotte, Bernard Angers

引用次数: 65

Aphids: a model for polyphenism and epigenetics. 蚜虫：多基因和表观遗传学的典范。

Genetics Research International Pub Date : 2012-01-01 Epub Date: 2012-03-21 DOI: 10.1155/2012/431531

Dayalan G Srinivasan, Jennifer A Brisson

{"title":"Aphids: a model for polyphenism and epigenetics.","authors":"Dayalan G Srinivasan, Jennifer A Brisson","doi":"10.1155/2012/431531","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2012/431531","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental conditions can alter the form, function, and behavior of organisms over short and long timescales, and even over generations. Aphid females respond to specific environmental cues by transmitting signals that have the effect of altering the development of their offspring. These epigenetic phenomena have positioned aphids as a model for the study of phenotypic plasticity. The molecular basis for this epigenetic inheritance in aphids and how this type of inheritance system could have evolved are still unanswered questions. With the availability of the pea aphid genome sequence, new genomics technologies, and ongoing genomics projects in aphids, these questions can now be addressed. Here, we review epigenetic phenomena in aphids and recent progress toward elucidating the molecular basis of epigenetics in aphids. The discovery of a functional DNA methylation system, functional small RNA system, and expanded set of chromatin modifying genes provides a platform for analyzing these pathways in the context of aphid plasticity. With these tools and further research, aphids are an emerging model system for studying the molecular epigenetics of polyphenisms.","PeriodicalId":37545,"journal":{"name":"Genetics Research International","volume":"2012 ","pages":"431531"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3335499/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30602117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transgenic epigenetics: using transgenic organisms to examine epigenetic phenomena. 转基因表观遗传学:利用转基因生物研究表观遗传现象。

Genetics Research International Pub Date : 2012-01-01 Epub Date: 2012-03-27 DOI: 10.1155/2012/689819

Lori A McEachern

{"title":"Transgenic epigenetics: using transgenic organisms to examine epigenetic phenomena.","authors":"Lori A McEachern","doi":"10.1155/2012/689819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/689819","url":null,"abstract":"Non-model organisms are generally more difficult and/or time consuming to work with than model organisms. In addition, epigenetic analysis of model organisms is facilitated by well-established protocols, and commercially-available reagents and kits that may not be available for, or previously tested on, non-model organisms. Given the evolutionary conservation and widespread nature of many epigenetic mechanisms, a powerful method to analyze epigenetic phenomena from non-model organisms would be to use transgenic model organisms containing an epigenetic region of interest from the non-model. Interestingly, while transgenic Drosophila and mice have provided significant insight into the molecular mechanisms and evolutionary conservation of the epigenetic processes that target epigenetic control regions in other model organisms, this method has so far been under-exploited for non-model organism epigenetic analysis. This paper details several experiments that have examined the epigenetic processes of genomic imprinting and paramutation, by transferring an epigenetic control region from one model organism to another. These cross-species experiments demonstrate that valuable insight into both the molecular mechanisms and evolutionary conservation of epigenetic processes may be obtained via transgenic experiments, which can then be used to guide further investigations and experiments in the species of interest.","PeriodicalId":37545,"journal":{"name":"Genetics Research International","volume":"2012 ","pages":"689819"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/689819","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30602125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Notch Signaling during Oogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. 黑腹果蝇卵发生过程中的Notch信号传导。

Genetics Research International Pub Date : 2012-01-01 Epub Date: 2012-05-03 DOI: 10.1155/2012/648207

Jingxia Xu, Thomas Gridley

引用次数: 33

Mitochondrial Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Retrospective Study and a Description of Cochlear Implantation in a MELAS Patient. 线粒体感音神经性听力损失:MELAS患者人工耳蜗植入的回顾性研究和描述。

Genetics Research International Pub Date : 2012-01-01 Epub Date: 2012-02-20 DOI: 10.1155/2012/287432

Mauro Scarpelli, Francesca Zappini, Massimiliano Filosto, Anna Russignan, Paola Tonin, Giuliano Tomelleri

{"title":"Mitochondrial Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Retrospective Study and a Description of Cochlear Implantation in a MELAS Patient.","authors":"Mauro Scarpelli, Francesca Zappini, Massimiliano Filosto, Anna Russignan, Paola Tonin, Giuliano Tomelleri","doi":"10.1155/2012/287432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/287432","url":null,"abstract":"Hearing impairment is common in patients with mitochondrial disorders, affecting over half of all cases at some time in the course of the disease. In some patients, deafness is only part of a multisystem disorder. By contrast, there are also a number of \"pure\" mitochondrial deafness disorders, the most common probably being maternally inherited. We retrospectively analyzed the last 60 genetically confirmed mitochondrial disorders diagnosed in our Department: 28 had bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, whereas 32 didn't present ear's abnormalities, without difference about sex and age of onset between each single group of diseases. We reported also a case of MELAS patient with sensorineural hearing loss, in which cochlear implantation greatly contributed to the patient's quality of life. Our study suggests that sensorineural hearing loss is an important feature in mitochondrial disorders and indicated that cochlear implantation can be recommended for patients with MELAS syndrome and others mitochondrial disorders.","PeriodicalId":37545,"journal":{"name":"Genetics Research International","volume":"2012 ","pages":"287432"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/287432","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30601086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 25

Ontogenetic survey of histone modifications in an annelid. 环节动物组蛋白修饰的个体发生研究。

Genetics Research International Pub Date : 2012-01-01 Epub Date: 2012-02-19 DOI: 10.1155/2012/392903

Glenys Gibson, Corban Hart, Robyn Pierce, Vett Lloyd

{"title":"Ontogenetic survey of histone modifications in an annelid.","authors":"Glenys Gibson, Corban Hart, Robyn Pierce, Vett Lloyd","doi":"10.1155/2012/392903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/392903","url":null,"abstract":"Histone modifications are widely recognized for their fundamental importance in regulating gene expression in embryonic development in a wide range of eukaryotes, but they have received relatively little attention in the development of marine invertebrates. We surveyed histone modifications throughout the development of a marine annelid, Polydora cornuta, to determine if modifications could be detected immunohistochemically and if there were characteristic changes in modifications throughout ontogeny (surveyed at representative stages from oocyte to adult). We found a common time of onset for three histone modifications in early cleavage (H3K14ac, H3K9me, and H3K4me2), some differences in the distribution of modifications among germ layers, differences in epifluorescence intensity in specific cell lineages suggesting that hyperacetylation (H3K14ac) and hypermethylation (H3K9me) occur during differentiation, and an overall decrease in the distribution of modifications from larvae to adults. Although preliminary, these results suggest that histone modifications are involved in activating early development and differentiation in a marine invertebrate.","PeriodicalId":37545,"journal":{"name":"Genetics Research International","volume":"2012 ","pages":"392903"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/392903","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30601089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Environmental heterogeneity and phenotypic divergence: can heritable epigenetic variation aid speciation? 环境异质性和表型差异:可遗传的表观遗传变异是否有助于物种形成?

Genetics Research International Pub Date : 2012-01-01 Epub Date: 2012-03-04 DOI: 10.1155/2012/698421

Ruth Flatscher, Božo Frajman, Peter Schönswetter, Ovidiu Paun

{"title":"Environmental heterogeneity and phenotypic divergence: can heritable epigenetic variation aid speciation?","authors":"Ruth Flatscher, Božo Frajman, Peter Schönswetter, Ovidiu Paun","doi":"10.1155/2012/698421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/698421","url":null,"abstract":"The dualism of genetic predisposition and environmental influences, their interactions, and respective roles in shaping the phenotype have been a hot topic in biological sciences for more than two centuries. Heritable epigenetic variation mediates between relatively slowly accumulating mutations in the DNA sequence and ephemeral adaptive responses to stress, thereby providing mechanisms for achieving stable, but potentially rapidly evolving phenotypic diversity as a response to environmental stimuli. This suggests that heritable epigenetic signals can play an important role in evolutionary processes, but so far this hypothesis has not been rigorously tested. A promising new area of research focuses on the interaction between the different molecular levels that produce phenotypic variation in wild, closely-related taxa that lack genome-wide genetic differentiation. By pinpointing specific adaptive traits and investigating the mechanisms responsible for phenotypic differentiation, such study systems could allow profound insights into the role of epigenetics in the evolution and stabilization of phenotypic discontinuities, and could add to our understanding of adaptive strategies to diverse environmental conditions and their dynamics.","PeriodicalId":37545,"journal":{"name":"Genetics Research International","volume":"2012 ","pages":"698421"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/698421","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30602127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 50

Mechanistic Roles of Noncoding RNAs in Lung Cancer Biology and Their Clinical Implications. 非编码 RNA 在肺癌生物学中的作用机制及其临床意义

Genetics Research International Pub Date : 2012-01-01 Epub Date: 2012-07-18 DOI: 10.1155/2012/737416

Katey S S Enfield, Larissa A Pikor, Victor D Martinez, Wan L Lam

引用次数: 0

Daphnia as an emerging epigenetic model organism. 水蚤作为一种新兴的表观遗传模式生物。

Genetics Research International Pub Date : 2012-01-01 Epub Date: 2012-01-29 DOI: 10.1155/2012/147892

Kami D M Harris, Nicholas J Bartlett, Vett K Lloyd

引用次数: 151