Shuang Xu, Bo Cao, Hassan A. Hassan, Guanhong Song, Liuchen Chang
{"title":"Frequency Regulation by Distributed Energy Resource Inverters Based on Parabolic Droop Curve","authors":"Shuang Xu, Bo Cao, Hassan A. Hassan, Guanhong Song, Liuchen Chang","doi":"10.1109/PEDG51384.2021.9494221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PEDG51384.2021.9494221","url":null,"abstract":"In the last few decades, distributed energy resources (DERs) based on renewables have experienced rapid growth due to the abundance and low emissions of renewable energy. As the role of these renewable DERs grows in power systems, the grid frequency characteristic becomes softer due to the reduced system inertia. Standards and international grid codes have been issued for grid interconnection of DER inverters with frequency regulation capability, which expects DER system to regulate the grid frequency by adjusting the active power injected into the grid. Therefore, the renewable DERs should not operate at maximum power point so it can increase or reduce power output according to the set slope to participate in frequency regulation. Traditional frequency droop control methods adjust the target power at the same rate no matter the frequency deviation is large or small, which does not fully utilize the rapid response of power electronic converters in DERs. This paper proposed a new frequency regulation method based on a parabolic droop curve, which makes better use of the rapidity and flexibility of DER inverters by restoring the frequency slower when the frequency deviation is small and restoring the frequency faster when the frequency deviation is large.","PeriodicalId":374979,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 12th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (PEDG)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127487837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reliability and Cost Modeling of a Modular Multilevel Converter","authors":"Semih Isik, S. Bhattacharya","doi":"10.1109/PEDG51384.2021.9494184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PEDG51384.2021.9494184","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an analytical expression to calculate the reliability, cost and loss for Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) based high voltage applications. A three-terminal DC system is chosen as a case study with different terminal modeling. Terminal 1 is modeled with conventional vector current control and circulating current control. Terminal 2 is modeled with a Fault-Tolerant Controller and dq based circulating current control, and terminal 3 is modeled with a conventional vector current control with no circulating current control. In addition to the control structure, Nearest Level Modulation (NLM) is adopted for each terminal. The MTDC system is investigated based on the total reliability and availability of the terminals. Besides, analytical loss and cost calculations are performed for the three-terminal DC system. Different redundancy techniques for MMC arms are presented, but a 10% active redundancy scheme is adopted in the three-terminal DC system.","PeriodicalId":374979,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 12th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (PEDG)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115986184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Emon, Hayden Carlton, John G. Harris, Alexis Krone, M. Hassan, A. Mirza, Zhao Yuan, D. Huitink, F. Luo
{"title":"A 650V/60A Gate Driver Integrated Wire-bondless Multichip GaN Module","authors":"A. Emon, Hayden Carlton, John G. Harris, Alexis Krone, M. Hassan, A. Mirza, Zhao Yuan, D. Huitink, F. Luo","doi":"10.1109/PEDG51384.2021.9494257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PEDG51384.2021.9494257","url":null,"abstract":"Lateral Gallium Nitride (GaN) high electron mobility transistors (HEMT) exhibit lower on resistance and high switching speed due to the presence of 2D electron Gas and smaller capacitance. Moreover, the high critical electric field of GaN makes it excellent choice for power semiconductor devices. It has the capability of switching hundreds of volts in nanoseconds, giving it multiple megahertz capability. However, to enable this feature, advanced packaging structure with optimized stray parameters is required. The traditional wire-bonded package of power module has large parasitic inductance, which will cause voltage overshoot, oscillation, parasitic turn-on, and EMI issues. A gate driver integrated wire bondless solution for a GaN half-bridge, phase-leg module is presented in this manuscript. A global optimization is done to achieve 0.68 nH power loop inductance, 1.25 nH gate loop inductance and 0.257°C/W thermal resistance. The hybrid combination of printed circuit board (PCB) and direct bonded copper (DBC) substrate enabled vertical commutation loop, which has helped to limit the stray inductance substantially. The fabricated module shows excellent switching performance with turn-off speed as high as 192 V/ns while not exceeding the voltage overshoot more than 15% of applied DC link voltage.","PeriodicalId":374979,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 12th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (PEDG)","volume":"622 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116078934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jongmin Ahn, Jaehak Chung, Taesic Kim, Bohyun Ahn, Jinchun Choi
{"title":"An Overview of Quantum Security for Distributed Energy Resources","authors":"Jongmin Ahn, Jaehak Chung, Taesic Kim, Bohyun Ahn, Jinchun Choi","doi":"10.1109/PEDG51384.2021.9494203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PEDG51384.2021.9494203","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum computing is a game-changing technology that will push the boundaries of cybersecurity and cryptography of power infrastructures including distributed energy resources (DER). This paper explores new security vulnerabilities caused by potential quantum computing attacks and potential defense strategies using quantum key distribution (QKD) and post-quantum cryptography (PQC) in DER network systems. This paper will be used as a cybersecurity baseline reference toward a quantum-safe DER system.","PeriodicalId":374979,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 12th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (PEDG)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128506280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Beheshtaein, Ahmad Alshafei, Garry Jean-Pierre, N. Altin, Mahydy Khayamy, R. Cuzner, A. Nasiri
{"title":"An Optimal Design of a Hybrid Liquid/Air Cooling System for High Power, Medium Frequency, and Medium Voltage Solid-State Transformer","authors":"S. Beheshtaein, Ahmad Alshafei, Garry Jean-Pierre, N. Altin, Mahydy Khayamy, R. Cuzner, A. Nasiri","doi":"10.1109/PEDG51384.2021.9494251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PEDG51384.2021.9494251","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a 10 kV SiC MOSFET-based solid-state transformer (SST) operating at 13 kV to 7.2 kV, 667 kW, and 20 kHz is modeled and optimized to reach maximum power density and efficiency. In order to reach optimum configuration, different core material/type/size, primary/secondary turns, insulation type/thickness, and cooling systems are considered; then based on a systematic approach the best solution is obtained. To reach this goal, the magnetic part of SST forced air-cooling, and the water-cooling system is modeled in ANSYS MAXWELL/Simplorer, ANSYS-ICEPAK, and ANSYS-FLUENT, respectively. The simulation results show a high efficient SST with an effectiveness of the cooling system.","PeriodicalId":374979,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 12th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (PEDG)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129085483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mateo D. Roig Greidanus, S. Mazumder, Nanditha Gajanur
{"title":"Identification of a Delay Attack in the Secondary Control of Grid-Tied Inverter Systems","authors":"Mateo D. Roig Greidanus, S. Mazumder, Nanditha Gajanur","doi":"10.1109/PEDG51384.2021.9494253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PEDG51384.2021.9494253","url":null,"abstract":"This work is developed for the identification of a denial-of-service cyberattack on the secondary controller of inverter systems which is connected to the power grid. The identification is made through the dynamic response of the reactive power (Q) of the system under attack. By observing the dynamic characteristic of Q, it is possible to correlate the attack with the nominal response of the hierarchical controller. The article shows that the occurrence of the attack can be identified through a supervisory control that runs a model in parallel. The article argues that after an early identification of the attack, a local controller can take action to mitigate its effects on the system’s response.","PeriodicalId":374979,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 12th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (PEDG)","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129110414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Accurate Time Domain Analysis Based ZVS Evaluation Tool for LLC Resonant Converters","authors":"Yuqi Wei, A. Mantooth","doi":"10.1109/PEDG51384.2021.9494223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PEDG51384.2021.9494223","url":null,"abstract":"LLC converters are popular in numerous industrial applications owning to their high efficiency and soft switching characteristics. Conventionally, the first harmonic approximation (FHA) analysis method is used to perform the zero-voltage switching (ZVS) analysis for LLC resonant converter. However, the FHA method assumes that the LLC resonant converter is always operating at resonant frequency point so that the primary switch turn-off current is a constant value during the whole operation range. When the LLC resonant converter operating point is away from the resonant frequency, considerable errors would exist, which will lead to unoptimized deadtime design or ZVS failure. Therefore, in this article, a ZVS evaluation tool is developed based on the time domain analysis, the analysis results have much higher accuracy when compared with the traditional FHA method, which can be used to guide the analysis and design of the converter. Experimental validations are presented.","PeriodicalId":374979,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 12th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (PEDG)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124227450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohsen Hosseinzadehtaher, Amin Y. Fard, M. Shadmand, P. Fajri
{"title":"Artificial Intelligence Inspired Model Predictive Control for Frequency Regulation in Power Electronics Dominated Grids","authors":"Mohsen Hosseinzadehtaher, Amin Y. Fard, M. Shadmand, P. Fajri","doi":"10.1109/PEDG51384.2021.9494270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PEDG51384.2021.9494270","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes an artificial intelligence (AI)based technique to realize event-triggered control solutions for power electronics dominated grid (PEDG). The proposed approach integrates the features of data-driven and model-based control schemes to realize a unified predictive control solution for enhancing frequency restoration in PEDG or an islanded cluster of the grid. The control scheme estimates the inertia of the grid during disturbances by AI techniques and provides a feedback for the controller to regulate the frequency of the grid. The proposed integrated data-driven and model-based predictive control (IDMPC) is implemented on power electronics interfaces of the distributed energy resources (DERs) at the grid-edge and enables the control of islanded grid-cluster frequency feature such as rate of change of frequency (ROCOF) and nadir frequency. The presented IDMPC scheme has fast dynamic response and is robust to system disturbances. The functionality of the proposed method for supporting the voltage and frequency of the grid is verified by several case studies.","PeriodicalId":374979,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 12th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (PEDG)","volume":"525 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123353987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Grid-Forming Control of Smart Solid-State Transformer in Meshed Network","authors":"Rongwu Zhu, M. Liserre","doi":"10.1109/PEDG51384.2021.9494188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PEDG51384.2021.9494188","url":null,"abstract":"Smart solid-state transformer (ST) is a promising solution to modernize the current electricity grid with high penetration of renewables, behaving as an energy hub/router. The ST-fed network can operate in either a radial or meshed configuration, due to the excellent power flow control capability. The power flow control scheme of ST is dependent on the ST-fed network configuration, (e.g., radial or meshed network), which is also impacted by the grid condition, i.e., grid faults. An universal power flow control scheme to allow the ST operating in both radial network and meshed network can avoid the transition caused by switching the control schemes. This paper proposes a grid forming control for the ST to fulfill aforementioned requirements and to ensure the dynamic performances under step change of the power setpoint. The simulation results based on the adapted Cigré LVac grid benchmark models are carried out in Matlab to validate the correctness of the proposed grid forming control of ST.","PeriodicalId":374979,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 12th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (PEDG)","volume":"148 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132016731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Milad Andalibi, Mojtaba Hajihosseini, S. Teymoori, M. Kargar, M. Gheisarnejad
{"title":"A Time-Varying Deep Reinforcement Model Predictive Control for DC Power Converter Systems","authors":"Milad Andalibi, Mojtaba Hajihosseini, S. Teymoori, M. Kargar, M. Gheisarnejad","doi":"10.1109/PEDG51384.2021.9494214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PEDG51384.2021.9494214","url":null,"abstract":"Today power converters, especially DC/DC converters, is of great importance in power electronics applications such as DC micro-grids (MGs). However, they have some limitation such as inability to handle constant power load (CPL) which results in instability problems in MGs. Thus, a controller with specific characters including, robustness and fast response to system dynamic is vital to address the unsteadiness. In this paper, an adaptive model prediction controller (AMPC) based on Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) is developed to tackle the de-stabilization problem. In the proposed AMPC controller, the controlling signal coefficient in each variable operation point is regarded as the adjustable controller parameter and adaptively designed by the learning ability of the Deep Q- Network (DQN) strategy, leading to a robust controlling approach. We have shown that our suggested smart controller for DC/DC converters feeding CPLs is robust and fast in dynamic response.","PeriodicalId":374979,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 12th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (PEDG)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129993333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}