Yaojun Li , Sirui Liu , Hailin Zhai , Yuexia Wang , Yan Zhao , Xianfeng Ma
{"title":"The influence of different vacancies on Zr(0001)/SiC close-packed interface performance: A first-principles study","authors":"Yaojun Li , Sirui Liu , Hailin Zhai , Yuexia Wang , Yan Zhao , Xianfeng Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.jnucmat.2024.155461","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnucmat.2024.155461","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The first-principles were employed to investigate the structure, adhesion, and tensile properties of the Zr(0001)/SiC close-packed interface with different vacancies. From the perspective of vacancy formation energy, SiC coating is beneficial for enhancing the irradiation resistance of Zr cladding. When vacancies are present, except for the Zr2 and Zr3 vacancies, introducing other vacancies reduces the stability of Zr/SiC interfaces. The C-terminated interface is more stable than the Si-terminated interface. Through electronic structure analysis, vacancies at the interface primarily reduce the bonds between Zr and SiC, decreasing the interface stability. Vacancies on the side of SiC indirectly alter the strength or quantity of covalent (bonding or anti-bonding) and ionic bonds at the interface, thus intricately lowering the interface stability. In tensile tests, the cleavage of all interfaces with vacancies still occurs on the side of Zr. Vacancies on the SiC side partly lead to increased electrons between Zr1-Zr2 or Zr2-Zr3, strengthening the metallic bonds and enhancing the interface's ideal strength and ductility. The present study offers a novel perspective from the standpoint of bonding mechanisms, providing good insights into the effects of different vacancies on the performance of Zr/SiC interfaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nuclear Materials","volume":"603 ","pages":"Article 155461"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hui Dan, Yihang Li, Bingbing Bao, Jiajing Li, Jiyuan Guo, Yi Ding
{"title":"Development of ZrSiO4-borosilicate glass-ceramics for immobilization of simulated tetravalent actinides","authors":"Hui Dan, Yihang Li, Bingbing Bao, Jiajing Li, Jiyuan Guo, Yi Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.jnucmat.2024.155472","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnucmat.2024.155472","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing new matrix for efficient actinides immobilization is of great significance for the sustainable development of nuclear energy. Herein, novel ZrSiO<sub>4</sub>-borosilicate glass-ceramics (Z-B) were prepared for immobilization of cerium (Ce) as the simulated tetravalent actinides. The effect of Ce content on the phase transformation and microstructure of the obtained Z-B was investigated, and the loading capacity limit of Ce was evaluated. The results demonstrated that Z-B glass-ceramics with high ZrSiO<sub>4</sub> phase (91 wt%) was obtained. Owing to the synergistic effect of ZrSiO<sub>4</sub> and borosilicate glass phases, the loading capacity limit of Ce in the obtained Z-B reached up to 12 at%. Furthermore, the obtained Z-B waste forms exhibited excellent aqueous durability. The results of this work demonstrated that the Z-B is potential matrix for immobilization of tetravalent actinides due to their good loading capacity and aqueous durability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nuclear Materials","volume":"603 ","pages":"Article 155472"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142537330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jun Zhou, Nancy Lai Mun Wong, Jianwei Chai, Shijie Wang
{"title":"An investigation on the surface properties of B4C for advancing its nuclear applications","authors":"Jun Zhou, Nancy Lai Mun Wong, Jianwei Chai, Shijie Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jnucmat.2024.155465","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnucmat.2024.155465","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>B<sub>4</sub>C is an important material in diverse nuclear applications. However, a systematic examination of its surface properties is still missing. In this work, we employ first-principles simulations to investigate the energetic stability of 16 distinct slab models representing (001), (100), (101), (110), and (111) surfaces, which are constructed by minimizing dangling bonds. Our results show that C-terminated (001) surface exhibits significantly greater stability than other surfaces under both the carbon and boron-rich conditions. Besides, we also study the defect formation energies on the C-terminated (001) surface and compare them with the cases in bulk. The high formation energies of the defects suggest a low likelihood of their occurrence on this surface, despite their formation energies being lower compared to bulk cases. Furthermore, mid-gap surface states are revealed for the top atomic layers of the C-terminated (001) surface, which are deduced at the deeper layers, and the band structures of the middle layers of this slab recover to the bulk band gap. These surface mid-gap states allow electron excitation from the valence band to these states, resulting in a reduced optical band gap compared to the bulk band gap of B<sub>4</sub>C. This provides a plausible explanation for the significantly smaller band gap observed in experiments compared to the larger gap predicted by theoretical models. Our study not only sheds light on the surface properties of B<sub>4</sub>C but also lays the groundwork for advancing this material for more advanced nuclear applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nuclear Materials","volume":"603 ","pages":"Article 155465"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142537320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The role of irradiation-enhanced interstitial diffusion in over-pressurizing fission gas bubbles in UO2","authors":"M.W.D. Cooper, C. Matthews, D.A. Andersson","doi":"10.1016/j.jnucmat.2024.155452","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnucmat.2024.155452","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fission gas bubbles in UO<sub>2</sub> nuclear fuel have been observed to exhibit pressures in excess of the equilibrium bubble pressure; however, the cause of bubble over-pressurization has not yet been demonstrated. The mechanical interaction between a bubble and the surrounding matrix or grain boundary depends on the internal pressure of the bubble and local stress state, such that over-pressurized bubbles are thought to be responsible for fragmentation and pulverization, when exposed to a temperature ramp. Here, we investigate the role of U interstitials, produced through irradiation, in over-pressurizing bubbles by using a combined molecular dynamics (MD) and cluster dynamics approach. Firstly, the energies for the capture of interstitials and vacancies by bubbles have been determined from MD as a function of the ratio of gas atoms to vacancies that make up the bubble. Secondly, these reaction energies have been implemented in the cluster dynamics code Centipede to predict bubble over-pressurization as a function of temperature for typical fission rates. It was found that there is a transition from low pressure bubbles (at high temperatures) to high pressure bubbles (at lower temperatures). The cause of this behavior was shown to be the creation of irradiation-induced interstitials that are highly mobile relative to vacancies at low temperature; whereas, vacancies are sufficiently mobile at high temperatures to limit bubble pressures. This result supports the hypothesis that over-pressurized bubbles form during steady-state operation and that this behavior is highly sensitive to the local pellet temperature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nuclear Materials","volume":"604 ","pages":"Article 155452"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eun-Young Choi , Seungwoo Paek , Taehyoung Kim , In-Ho Jung , Seol Kim , Sang-Eun Bae , Jae Soo Ryu
{"title":"Corrosion-mediated production of uranium(III) chloride from metallic uranium in molten LiCl–KCl salt contained within a stainless-steel crucible","authors":"Eun-Young Choi , Seungwoo Paek , Taehyoung Kim , In-Ho Jung , Seol Kim , Sang-Eun Bae , Jae Soo Ryu","doi":"10.1016/j.jnucmat.2024.155463","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnucmat.2024.155463","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Uranium (III) chloride (UCl<sub>3</sub>) is a crucial component of a potent nuclear recycling technology—pyroprocessing—and next-generation molten salt reactors. It is usually synthesized by reacting metallic uranium with chlorinating agents (e.g., CdCl<sub>2</sub> and PbCl<sub>2</sub>) in molten chloride salts. In this study, we report the unexpected formation of UCl<sub>3</sub> from metallic simulated fuel (simfuel) immersed in impure molten LiCl–KCl salt (in the presence of a small amount of residual H<sub>2</sub>O) in a stainless-steel (SS) crucible, without a chlorinating agent. We investigated various factors influencing UCl<sub>3</sub> formation, including fuel type (metallic simfuel, pure U, oxide simfuel, or no fuel), crucible material (SS or alumina), salt composition (LiCl–KCl or LiCl), temperature (773 K or 923 K), and contact between fuel and SS crucible. UCl<sub>3</sub> only formed when metallic fuels (simfuel or pure U) were immersed in molten salt in the SS crucible, with higher concentrations at elevated temperatures. Oxide fuels did not produce UCl<sub>3</sub>, nor did contact with the crucible affect formation. Our findings suggest that impurities, particularly moisture in the salt, corroded the SS crucible, releasing iron and chromium chlorides that reacted with metallic U to form UCl<sub>3</sub>. UCl<sub>3</sub> formation was more pronounced in LiCl–KCl than in LiCl, and thermodynamic calculations helped establish the mechanism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nuclear Materials","volume":"603 ","pages":"Article 155463"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142537328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A study on the fretting corrosion of 316L in static lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE): The role of slip amplitude and normal force on damage mechanism at 350 °C","authors":"Hui Chen , Wenjie Pei , Shengzan Zhang , Wei Tan , Guorui Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.jnucmat.2024.155466","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnucmat.2024.155466","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fretting corrosion of stainless steel in the LBE affects the safety of lead-cooled fast reactors. Slip amplitude and normal load are the main mechanical factors affecting fretting wear behavior. Thus, the damage mechanism of 316L stainless steel at 350 °C LBE influenced by slip amplitude and normal load was investigated by jointly utilizing multiple characterization methods. The results indicate that the normal load and slip amplitude essentially affect the tangential stress and relative sliding value in the contact area, leading to different slip regions and damage mechanisms. In the mixed slip region, the damage mechanism is adhesion and delamination cracks. The increase in tangential stress leads to decrease in relative sliding. The thick wear debris layer attached to the worn surface can protect the substrate from being attacked by the LBE. In the gross slip region, the damage mechanism is abrasive wear and dissolution corrosion. The increase in relative sliding causes more damage and Ni dissolution, leading to the transformation from austenite to ferrite and internal strain, making the substrate more susceptible to damage and increasing the risk of liquid metal embrittlement (LME) of austenitic stainless steel at 350 °C. Accordingly, a model for different damage mechanisms was proposed. These results can provide important information on the fretting damage related to the LBE environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nuclear Materials","volume":"603 ","pages":"Article 155466"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142553738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A.M. Kpemou , S. Guilbert , J. Desquines , T. Taurines , M.C. Baietto , B. Normand , J. Soulacroix , A. Ambard , F. Bourlier
{"title":"A new approach to investigate secondary hydriding phenomenon on M5Framatome clads under high–temperature LOCA conditions","authors":"A.M. Kpemou , S. Guilbert , J. Desquines , T. Taurines , M.C. Baietto , B. Normand , J. Soulacroix , A. Ambard , F. Bourlier","doi":"10.1016/j.jnucmat.2024.155462","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnucmat.2024.155462","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The focus of this study is about a new experimental approach for a separate effects study of the secondary hydriding phenomenon under LOCA conditions. Many nuclear institutes perform semi–integrals tests to study the cladding behaviour during a LOCA transient. Those tests combined several phenomena and performing a detailed analysis of the secondary hydriding phenomenon using these tests can be challenging. A dedicated experimental protocol aiming at simulating secondary hydriding has been set up. Separate effects tests (SETs) were then carried out using this protocol to study the effects of both oxidation duration and temperature, on the hydrogen absorption during the oxidation stage of the LOCA transient on M5<sub>Framatome</sub><span><span><sup>1</sup></span></span> cladding. The effects of gap size were also investigated. Metallographic analysis has been used to characterise the M5<sub>Framatome</sub> clad metallurgical transformation after the high–temperature (HT) oxidation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nuclear Materials","volume":"603 ","pages":"Article 155462"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142537326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Demystify radiation-enhanced hydrogen isotope diffusion in Fe-Ni-Cr austenitic stainless steels","authors":"X.W. Zhou, M.E. Foster","doi":"10.1016/j.jnucmat.2024.155460","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnucmat.2024.155460","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding and containing hydrogen isotope diffusion is crucial for many nuclear applications. In situ experiments have consistently shown that radiation significantly enhances isotope diffusion in austenitic stainless steels. Despite extensive research, the mechanism behind this phenomenon remains elusive, as most radiation-induced defects (e.g., vacancies, dislocations, and grain boundaries) typically trap hydrogen, thereby slowing diffusion. While grain boundaries may increase in-plane diffusivity and interstitials may enhance diffusion due to material swelling, these effects are relatively minor. Utilizing an Fe-Ni-Cr-H interatomic potential for stainless steels, we conducted extensive molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the origins of radiation-enhanced diffusion. Our findings reveal that when a system is resolidified, mimicking defects created by radiation displacements, the resulting structure contains a mixture of phases, boundaries, and dislocation networks. This defective structure significantly increases hydrogen diffusivity, enhancing it by approximately 1.7 times at 900 K. These results suggest that the complex defect structures formed during radiation displacements are the primary drivers of the observed diffusion enhancement, providing valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying radiation-enhanced diffusion in nuclear materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nuclear Materials","volume":"603 ","pages":"Article 155460"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142537319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of ultrasonic field on the friction and oxidation characteristics of FeCrAl coatings","authors":"Changhao Liu, Xiufang Cui, Guo Jin, Meng Qi, Jiaxin Zhao, Di Wu, Xin Wen","doi":"10.1016/j.jnucmat.2024.155457","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnucmat.2024.155457","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>FeCrAl coatings were applied to the surface of F/M steel using ultrasonic vibration-assisted laser cladding (UVALC) technique. The introduction of an ultrasonic field refined the microstructure of the FeCrAl coating, enhancing its microhardness and the integrity of the oxide film at elevated temperatures. The increased hardness led to a shift in the wear mechanism from oxidation wear to abrasive wear. In high-temperature conditions, a finer microstructure of the coating resulted in a denser oxide layer, improving the tribological properties and oxidation resistance of the coating. Furthermore, high-temperature oxidation analysis revealed that the predominant oxides formed were Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nuclear Materials","volume":"603 ","pages":"Article 155457"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142537318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wen Wang , Liujie Yang , Hongchen Qian , Zhaoguang Zhu , Guangjian Zhu , Jibo Tan , Jinyang Huang , Jintao Lu , Wenjun Kuang
{"title":"Enhancing corrosion resistance of T91 F/M steel in liquid lead-bismuth (LBE) by slurry FeAl coating","authors":"Wen Wang , Liujie Yang , Hongchen Qian , Zhaoguang Zhu , Guangjian Zhu , Jibo Tan , Jinyang Huang , Jintao Lu , Wenjun Kuang","doi":"10.1016/j.jnucmat.2024.155458","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnucmat.2024.155458","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A FeAl coating was fabricated on T91 steel via slurry aluminizing. The corrosion behavior of coated and uncoated samples was assessed in static LBE (lead-bismuth eutectic) with two both high and low dissolved oxygen concentrations at 550 °C. The coating was mostly intact and exhibited great corrosion resistance compared to the uncoated specimens regardless of the oxygen concentration. That is because the coating can form a protective alumina film on the surface at extremely low dissolved oxygen level. This coating is of significant engineering value in enhancing the corrosion resistance of Fe base alloy in LBE.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nuclear Materials","volume":"603 ","pages":"Article 155458"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142537325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}