Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology最新文献

{"title":"Review of the Philippine taxa formerly assigned to the Genus Amphicnemis Selys. Part III. Genus Pericnemis: Bonita- and Incallida- groups with descriptions of four new species (Odonata: Coenagrionidae)","authors":"R. Villanueva, R. Dow","doi":"10.26757/pjsb2019a13007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26757/pjsb2019a13007","url":null,"abstract":"The species formerly assigned to the genus Amphicnemis Selys, 1863 in the Philippines are reviewed. The present paper is the third of a series and deals with the species transferred to the genus Pericnemis Hagen in Selys, 1863. Specimens used in the study are all deposited in museums collections. The bonita- and incallida-groups of Pericnemis from the Philippines are characterized. A key to species groups within Pericnemis is given, and also a key to the males of the bonita- and incallida-groups. The bonita-group includes five species: P. bonita Needham & Gyger, 1939, P. flavicornis Needham & Gyger, 1939, P. bisaya sp. nov., P. gili sp. nov. and P. muragbonita sp. nov. The incallida-group includes two species: P. incallida Needham & Gyger, 1939 and P. yakal sp. nov. Descriptions and illustrations are provided of both sexes of all species.","PeriodicalId":37378,"journal":{"name":"Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42792678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The activity of the leaf essential oil of Philippine Piper betel against dermatophytes and Candida albicans","authors":"","doi":"10.26757/pjsb2019b13002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26757/pjsb2019b13002","url":null,"abstract":"Superficial mycotic infections are treatable conditions and they rank as the third most common illness globally, next to headaches and tooth decays. Piper betel L. is an aromatic plant with heart-shaped leaves that play a role in traditional medicine. This study harnessed the antidermatophytic potential of the essential oil extracted from the leaves of Piper betel, PBLO, Philippine variety. Using serial twofold dilutions of PBLO, including selected PBLO constituents, to challenge Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and clinical isolates of filamentous dermatophytes, results indicate that the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration, MIC, of the essential oil extract was 625 ug/ml for C. albicans and MICs of <156 ug/ml for Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, and Trichophyton tonsurans. Data on known PBLO constituents suggest that eugenol plays a major role in PBLO’s antidermatophytic activity, followed by chavicol. Chavicol and eugenol exhibited the same MIC, 625 ug/ml, against C. albicans ATCC 10231. A eugenol MIC of <156 ug/ml was observed against M. canis, T. mentagrophytes, T. rubrum, and T. tonsurans; and 312.5 ug/ml against M. gypseum. Chavicol MICs of 312.5 ug/ml and 625 ug/ml were observed against Trichophyton spp. and Microsporum spp., respectively. Results of the study suggest the potential of P. betel essential oil as an alternative to conventional antifungals for the treatment of dermatophytosis. With the presence of many active constituents in PBLO essential oil, antifungal resistance is unlikely to happen, as multiple mutations will be required to overcome the mechanism/s of action of each of these constituents.","PeriodicalId":37378,"journal":{"name":"Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43141467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nepenthes cabanae (Caryophyllales, Nepenthaceae), a new species of pitcher plant from Central Mindanao, Philippines","authors":"Noel E. Lagunday, V. Amoroso","doi":"10.26757/pjsb2019a13005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26757/pjsb2019a13005","url":null,"abstract":"A new endemic species, Nepenthes cabanae, belonging to sect. Insignes is described from the Mt. Pantaron range of central Mindanao. The species is assessed as Critically Endangered. This discovery brings the number of Nepenthes species in this mountain range to eight. Mt. Pantaron is currently not a protected area, but the diversity of Nepenthes taxa suggests concerted efforts should be made to develop a conservation strategy to preserve and protect the area.","PeriodicalId":37378,"journal":{"name":"Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46994894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Athyrium nakanoi Makino (Athyriaceae), a new record from the Philippines and an identification key to the Malesian Athyrium Sect. Polystichoides","authors":"F. Coritico, V. Amoroso, Yea, Chen Liu","doi":"10.26757/pjsb2019a13006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26757/pjsb2019a13006","url":null,"abstract":"Athyrium nakanoi Makino is a new fern species record for the Philippines, discovered in Mt. Dulang-Dulang, Kitanglad Range, Mindanao, Philippines extending its original distribution from India, Nepal, Bhutan, China, Taiwan and Japan, Indonesia and Malaysia. Diagnostic description of the species is provided together with its distribution, conservation status and a dichotomous key to the Malesian Athyrium Sect. Polystichoides.","PeriodicalId":37378,"journal":{"name":"Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44921721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional adaptations of Begonia oxysperma A. DC. and Begonia ramosii Merr (Begoniaceae) revealed through morpho-anatomical analyses","authors":"Viverly Joy D. De Guzman, Rose Mel R. Mergilla","doi":"10.26757/pjsb2019a13003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26757/pjsb2019a13003","url":null,"abstract":"Populations of Begonia occur along the altitudinal gradients of Mt. Banahaw de Lucban. Begonia ramosii Merr. populations occur at lower altitudes and are gradually replaced by Begonia oxysperma A. DC. at higher elevations. This suggests the possibility of local adaptations and phenotype localization. Populations of Begonia were assessed and examined for phenotypic variability to provide information about habitat-driven traits and functional adaptations. Analysis of functional traits in 19 populations of B. oxysperma and 8 populations of B. ramosii using morpho-anatomical techniques confirmed these hypotheses. Phenolic vacuolar inclusions, anthocyanin pigmentation in young leaves and stems, presence of medullary vascular bundles and secondary growth, chlorophyll a concentration, trichome density in vegetative parts and stomatal density were observed to vary either intraspecifically or interspecifically which suggest functional adaptation. These preliminary results provide an interesting avenue for plant evolutionary and ecological studies using Begonia as a model plant species.","PeriodicalId":37378,"journal":{"name":"Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43789354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sexual dimorphism in the Spotted Stinger Inimicus sinensis (Valenciennes, 1833) and notes on pore structures on the body","authors":"","doi":"10.26757/pjsb2019a13004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26757/pjsb2019a13004","url":null,"abstract":"Spotted stinger individuals, Inimicus sinensis, collected from Carles, Iloilo, Philippines exhibited previously-unreported sexual dimorphism. Thirty-three morphological measurements, including standard length, and fourteen meristic counts from 99 specimens (47 males and 52 females) were analyzed for sexual dimorphism. Most morphometric characters differed significantly between the sexes, whereas no differences were found in meristic counts. Dorsal and anal-fin and free pectoral-fin ray lengths were greater in male specimens. On the other hand, the head and body region were relatively larger in female specimens. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) extracted two principal components from significantly different parameters, which explained 62.29 % of the cumulative variances. Variations in the two major components resulted from: head width, upper jaw, lower jaw, snout, pre-dorsal, pre-anal-fin, and anal-fin base lengths in PC1 (45.65 %); and orbit diameter and anal-fin base length in PC2 (16.64 %). Additionally, a single anterolateral pore on the body and pores above the lateral-line are described, although no evidence of association with other organs was found.","PeriodicalId":37378,"journal":{"name":"Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47406336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Additions to Philippine slender skinks of the Brachymeles bonitae complex (Reptilia: Squamata: Scincidae) IV: Resurrection and redescription of Brachymeles burksi","authors":"Cameron D. Siler, Elyse S. Freitas, J. Sheridan, Stephanie N. Maguire, Drew R. Davis, Jessa L. Watters, Kai Wang, A. Diesmos, Rafe M. Brown","doi":"10.26757/PJSB2020B14005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26757/PJSB2020B14005","url":null,"abstract":"The diversity of Philippine amphibians and reptiles has increased over the last few decades, in part due to re-evaluation of species formerly believed to be widespread. Many of these investigations of widespread species have uncovered multiple closely related cryptic lineages comprising species complexes, each restricted to individual Pleistocene Aggregate Island Complexes (PAICs). One group in particular for which widespread cryptic diversity has been common is the clade of Philippine skinks of the genus Brachymeles. Recent phylogenetic studies of the formerly recognized widespread species Brachymeles bonitae have indicated that this species is actually a complex distributed across several major PAICs and smaller island groups in the central and northern Philippines, with numerous species that exhibit an array of digit loss and limb reduction patterns. Despite the recent revisions to the B. bonitae species complex, studies suggest that unique cryptic lineages still exist within this group. In this paper, we resurrect the species Brachymeles burksi Taylor 1917, for a lineage of non-pentadactyl, semi-fossorial skink from Mindoro and Marinduque islands. First described in 1917, B. burksi was synonymized with B. bonitae in 1956, and has rarely been reconsidered since. Evaluation of genetic and morphological data (qualitative traits, meristic counts, and mensural measurements), and comparison of recently-obtained specimens to Taylor’s original description support this species’ recognition, as does its insular distribution on isolated islands in the central portions of the archipelago. Morphologically, B. burksi is differentiated from other members of the genus based on a suite of unique phenotypic characteristics, including a small body size, digitless limbs, a high number of presacral vertebrae, the absence of auricular openings, and discrete (non-overlapping) meristic scale counts. The recognition of this central Philippine species further increases the diversity of non-pentadactyl members of the B. bonitae complex, and reinforces the biogeographic uniqueness of the Mindoro faunal region.","PeriodicalId":37378,"journal":{"name":"Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69121496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new subspecies of microsnail from Masungi Georeserve, Rizal, Philippines","authors":"Harold B. Lipae, Angelique L. Estabillo, I. Fontanilla, E. D. Chavez","doi":"10.26757/pjsb2020c14003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26757/pjsb2020c14003","url":null,"abstract":"A new subspecies of microsnail, Hypselostoma latispira masungiensis subsp. nov., is described based on shell morphology and molecular characters. This new subspecies is distinguished from H. l. latispira from Baguio City, Benguet Province by having relatively larger major width size, additional apertural teeth (interpalatal plica), larger body whorl and apertural width, and clustering based on location. The collected samples from Masungi Georeserve, Rizal Province appear to be an ecophenotype as indicated by the novel site congruent to the clade separation of Masungi and Baguio H. latispira. Neighbor-joining and maximum likelihood trees also demonstrated that the two sample groups clustered separately, with bootstrap support of 84% and 78%, respectively. However, pairwise distance comparison revealed that there is only an average of 0.0131 ± 0.0126 genetic distance (99.98%) between the two populations, suggesting that they are most likely similar species; thus, the proposal of making it a subspecies. This is the first report on the new distributional record outside the type locality and a new subspecies of H. latispira. KEYWORDS: land snail, karst, interpalatal plica, pairwise distance comparison","PeriodicalId":37378,"journal":{"name":"Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69121871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Initial terrestrial vertebrate diversity assessment in upland Cavite, Philippines","authors":"Ronaldo D. Lagat, R. M. Causaren","doi":"10.26757/pjsb.2018b12007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26757/pjsb.2018b12007","url":null,"abstract":"Cavite’s remaining upland forest fragments are either remnant from commercial logging activities ca. 25-45 years ago or as a direct result of land conversions for agriculture or human settlements. These forest fragments are very significant because they represent areas where pockets of wildlife habitat still remain. The terrestrial vertebrates are often used to assess animal diversity because they are ideal biological indicators of environmental change and anthropogenic disturbances. The study aimed to determine terrestrial vertebrate diversity, conservation status, and identify major anthropogenic threats in these fragments. Terrestrial vertebrates were surveyed using a combination of strip-transect sampling, time-constrained searches, visual encounter survey (VES), and acoustic encounter survey (AES; for amphibians only), point counts, live trapping and mist netting from October 2014 to March 2016. Species richness and biodiversity estimation were computed using Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index, linear regression, detection and probability modeling using PAST, and confidence limits for nestedness (0.05α) using EpiTools. A total of 175 terrestrial vertebrates were documented and among the vertebrate groups, the birds had the highest observed diversity. Twenty-nine (19 birds, 3 mammals, 3 lizards, and 4 anurans) species are listed as threatened. Habitat loss and degradation due to the conversion of habitats to agricultural and/or residential areas remained to be the most prevalent threat in the remaining forested areas in upland Cavite. Baseline data generated shall be used in the different government biodiversity monitoring activities as the basis for impacts and mitigation and initial planning for the management and conservation of these remaining forest patches.","PeriodicalId":37378,"journal":{"name":"Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44865272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Floral diversity assessment of the buffer zones and vicinity of the Mt. Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary (MHRWS), Davao Oriental: basis for inclusion to protected area zone","authors":"V. Amoroso, F. Coritico, Felipe S. Gorme, Noel E. Lagunday, Mary Cor S. Salolog, R. D. Colong","doi":"10.26757/pjsb.2018b12004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26757/pjsb.2018b12004","url":null,"abstract":"In 2016, municipal ordinances to expand the protected area of the MHRWS were issued with the aim of protecting and preserving the remaining biodiversity of the buffer zones and to strengthen the core zone. The municipal ordinances however, have limitations and do not guarantee legal promulgation. Hence, this study is on the gathering of complete and concrete floral data so that these expansion sites will become part of the protected area and encompassed in legal promulgations. Botanical fieldworks conducted from Oct to Dec 2017 were carried out in five study sites of the MHRWS expansion sites using 40 20 x 20 m sampling plot with a distance of 20 m between plots and opportunistic transect walk techniques. The study disclosed 228 taxa of plants, of these, 74 species were ferns and lycophytes, 6 species of gymnosperms, 30 species of herbs and vines and 118 species were trees and shrubs. There were three new records of ferns and lycophytes increasing the number of species to 155. There are 13 (5.7%) threatened species, 22 (9.6%) and endemic species. Findings suggest that species in each site are unique and maybe attributed to the vegetation present, elevation variations of the different sampling sites and anthropogenic activities. The proposed expansion sites harbor diverse threatened and plants deserving protection and conservation efforts. Results of this study support the contention that the expansion sites, which are included in the municipal ordinances, be part of the official protected area.","PeriodicalId":37378,"journal":{"name":"Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44492375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}