Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology最新文献

{"title":"Sustainable marine conservation, baselines, and systematic monitoring—a few lessons from coastal resource management in the Philippines","authors":"Alan T. White","doi":"10.26757/pjsb2020b14008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26757/pjsb2020b14008","url":null,"abstract":"This review shares lessons learned from the establishment of early marine protected areas (MPAs) in the Philippines about the need to establish baseline information, do systematic monitoring of the status of the marine environment, and to progress towards more integrated forms of management that involve key stakeholders in coastal areas. The tendency for human society to change its perception of what is “normal” through the phenomena of “shifting baselines” is pointed to as a reason why more concerted action is not taken to stop the downward trends of Philippine coastal resources and environment. The small MPAs of Apo, Sumilon and Olango Islands as well as the large Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park, are cited as examples of how the establishment of baselines and the implementation of effective monitoring over time for both biophysical and governance parameters, has been instrumental in maintaining and improving the quality of the marine environment and bringing benefits to people. The development of integrated coastal management and coastal resource management programs within local government units is explained as a way of harnessing local institutions to lead the way towards improved management and stewardship of coastal resources and provide tangible benefits to coastal communities. And, the role of national government is highlighted as a facilitator and a source of technical support to local governments in the implementation of marine conservation and coastal resources management. Finally, the significant influence of Dr. Angel Alcala in marine conservation in the Philippines is noted through his research and related conservation efforts for small-island and fisheries management and his mode of sharing results with local communities and governments so that they could learn from their own mistakes and successes and become better stewards of their resources. KEYWORDS: Apo, community, coral reefs, Sumilon, tourism, Tubbataha","PeriodicalId":37378,"journal":{"name":"Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69122323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular systematic investigation of Philippine puddle frogs (Anura: Dicroglossidae: Occidozyga Kuhl and Van Hasselt, 1822) reveals new candidate species and a novel pattern of species dyads","authors":"K. Chan, S. Schoppe, E. L. B. Rico, Rafe M. Brown","doi":"10.26757/pjsb2020b14007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26757/pjsb2020b14007","url":null,"abstract":"Focusing on the phylogenetic relationships of puddle frog populations spanning the biogeographic interface between Sundaland (Borneo) and the Philippines, we demonstrate, for the first time, a widespread geographic pattern involving the existence of multiple divergent and co-distributed (sympatric) evolutionary lineages, most of which are not each other’s closest relatives, and all of which we interpret as probable distinct species. This pattern of co-occurrence in the form of pairs of ecologically distinct puddle frog forms (dyads), prevails throughout northern Borneo, Palawan, Tawi-Tawi, the Sulu Archipelago, and western Mindanao (Zamboanga). Previously obscured by outdated taxonomy and logistical, legal, and security obstacles to field-based natural history studies, this pattern has remained hidden from biogeographers and amphibian biologists by an uncontested proposal that Philippine Occidozyga laevis is a single, “widespread,” and “highly variable” species. In this paper we use an integrative synthesis of new genetic data, organismal phenotypic data, historical literature reports, and ecological observations to elucidate an interesting and potentially widespread pattern of puddle frog species coexistence at the Sundaland–Philippine biogeographic interface. Calling attention to this pattern opens promising possibilities for future research aimed at understanding the scope of this dyads pattern, and whether it extends to the more northern reaches of the Philippines. On either side of Huxley’s and Wallace’s lines, data suggest that the majority of puddle frog dyads at a given locality are not each other’s closest relatives (are more distantly related, or non-monophyletic) and, thus, assembled ecologically, likely coexisting now as a result of their ecological tendencies toward distinct microhabitats (warmer stagnant pools in open areas, versus cool, flowing streams enclosed in forest). If these pairs of species types are determined to be the geographic norm among the more isolated, central, and northern, Philippine faunas, an obvious question will be whether they have evolved into dual ecological forms, possibly in response to ecological opportunity and/or reduced competition. KEYWORDS: biogeography, taxonomy, microhabitat, cryptic species","PeriodicalId":37378,"journal":{"name":"Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69122311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity of trees and structure of forest habitat types in Mt. Tago Range, Mindanao, Philippines","authors":"Mt. Tago, F. Coritico, Noel E. Lagunday, J. Galindon, D. Tandang, V. Amoroso","doi":"10.26757/pjsb2020c14006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26757/pjsb2020c14006","url":null,"abstract":"Mt. Tago Range in Bukidnon has been subjected to deforestation and forest fragmentation due to logging ca. 35–40 years ago or as direct result of land conversion for agriculture, human settlements and wildlife product harvesting. It is currently not a protected area. This study aimed to provide data on the tree species diversity, structure, composition, conservation status and threats of the forest habitats in the site. Tree survey in the range was conducted in 2018–2019 using thirty-nine 20 x 20 m sampling plots and six one-kilometer transect lines. A total of 1,032 tree individuals from 54 families, 85 genera and 121 species were documented. The site is composed of four tropical forest habitat types namely: lower montane rainforest, upper montane rainforest, mossy-pygmy and forest over ultramafic rocks. These forest habitats also differed in species composition, elevation, substrate, dominance and structure in terms of height and diameter at breast height. The highest diversity index was observed in the mid-elevation and decreasing toward the peak. The diversity pattern herein is attributed to elevation, forest degradation due to anthropogenic activities and nature of habitat. The most abundant families were the Myrtaceae (23%), Podocarpaceae (12.8%) and Fagaceae (12.6%). At the family level the most dominant taxa included the Moraceae (8.7%), Rubiaceae (6.5%) and Myrtaceae (5.8%). Highest importance value index (IVI) in all forest types fell within the range of IVI’s for tropical forests. Assessment of conservation and ecological status revealed that 11 species (8%) are threatened, 28 (22%) Least Concern (LC) and 16 (12%) are Philippine endemics. Threats to tree diversity in Mt. Tago Range included land conversion for agriculture and settlement, illegal logging and lack of legislative protection. The implementation of conservation strategies by stakeholders is recommended to protect the tree species communities and population across the forest habitat types in the site.\u0000\u0000KEYWORDS: biodiversity, flora, Shannon-Weiner Index, Importance Value Index, non-Protected Area","PeriodicalId":37378,"journal":{"name":"Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45684449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Records of corticolous myxomycetes from selected trees in Angat Watershed Forest Reserve, Bulacan, Philippines","authors":"Monica S. Policina, T. D. Cruz","doi":"10.26757/pjsb2020c14007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26757/pjsb2020c14007","url":null,"abstract":"Corticolous myxomycetes are a specialized guild of myxomycetes thriving on the bark of living trees. In this study, we explored the bark-inhabiting myxomycetes from selected trees in the Angat Watershed Forest Reserve, Bulacan, Philippines. Pieces of dead tree barks were carefully removed from selected mature trees — Gmelina arborea (“gmelina” or “yemane”), Mangifera indica (“mango”), Parkia timoriana (“kupang”), Pinus sp. (“pine tree”), Pterocarpus indicus (“narra”), Samanea saman (“acacia” or “rain tree”), and Shorea contorta (“white lauan”), within the accessible forest area and used for the preparation of moist chamber culture. Following incubation for 8–12 weeks, fruiting bodies from the moist chambers were identified. Results showed a total of 17 species belonging to 10 genera from five orders. The identified corticolous myxomycetes were Arcyria cinerea, A. denudata, Comatricha pulchella, C. tenerrima, Cribraria microcarpa, C. violacea, Diderma effusum, D. hemisphaericum, Hemitrichia pardina, Lamproderma scintillans, Licea operculata, Licea sp.1, Perichaena chrysosperma, P. pedata, Physarum album, P. leucophaeum, and Trichia decipiens. This is the first report of corticolous myxomycetes in the Angat Watershed Forest Reserve.\u0000\u0000KEYWORDS: bark, moist chamber culture, Paleotropics, plasmodial slime molds, species list","PeriodicalId":37378,"journal":{"name":"Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45872942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crocodilians and fisheries in the Philippines: revisiting Fittkau’s hypothesis","authors":"Abner A. Bucol, R. Manalo, A. Alcala, Paulina S. Aspilla","doi":"10.26757/pjsb2020b14004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26757/pjsb2020b14004","url":null,"abstract":"Crocodilians have been assumed to influence aquatic primary productivity and fishery yield. However, strong empirical evidence to support such claims is lacking. The long-standing assumption first hypothesized by Fittkau (1970), is that local fisheries (secondary productivity) in areas inhabited by crocodilians would be expected to improve. We tested this hypothesis at two locations in the Philippines, inhabited by the Philippine Crocodile (Crocodylus mindorensis) in Paghungawan Marsh in Siargao Island Protected Landscape & Seascape (SIPLAS), Jaboy, Pilar, Surigao Del Norte, and the Indo-Pacific Crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) in the Rio Tuba River, Bataraza, southern Palawan Island. Water chemistry parameters, with emphasis on nutrient (nitrate and phosphate) levels, were determined using using standard protocols. Catch-per-Unit Effort (CPUE) of gillnets in sites with crocodiles was compared with corresponding control sites without crocodiles. CPUE was higher in areas inhabited by crocodiles, but appeared not to be directly influenced by nutrient levels. Increased fish catches in areas inhabited by crocodiles might be attributed to several factors, such as reduced fishing pressure due to the presence of crocodiles which discouraged the local fishermen to fish intensively. Overall, while fish catch was higher in areas inhabited by crocodiles, it is too early to attribute this to the nutrient output from crocodiles due to several confounding factors.\u0000\u0000KEYWORDS: estuarine, fish catch, freshwater, nutrient","PeriodicalId":37378,"journal":{"name":"Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46922417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid assessment of epiphytic pteridophyte biodiversity in Mt. Apo Natural Park, North Cotabato Province, Philippines: a comparison of disturbed and undisturbed forests","authors":"North Cotabato, Cherie Cano, Mangaoang, B. L. P. Bretaňa, V. Amoroso","doi":"10.26757/pjsb2020c14004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26757/pjsb2020c14004","url":null,"abstract":"Pteridophytes are potential indicators of climate change and environmental disturbances because of their sensitivity to the changes in the environment such as sunlight intensities and humidity levels. The study was conducted to document the species and compare the diversity of epiphytic pteridophytes in two sites–the undisturbed and disturbed areas of Mt. Apo Natural Park, North Cotabato Province in the Philippines. In each site, four stations were established, each with four 20 m × 20 m plots that are at least 20 m apart from each other. Between stations, at least 100 m was maintained. In this study, 102 species of epiphytic pteridophytes belonging to 33 genera and 14 families were identified. Seven species are lycophytes and 95 species are ferns. The number of species recorded represents 10 % of all species of pteridophytes in the Philippines. Polypodiaceae was the most dominant family consisting of 13 genera and 33 species. Among these, Prosaptia was the largest genus represented by nine species followed by Selliguea with five species. Based on the Species Importance Value (SIV), Lindsaea pulchella was the most abundant species in the area studied. Abundance of epiphytic pteridophytes vary between two sites but other parameters such as species richness, evenness, Shannon-Weiner and Simpson diversity indices showed no significant differences. There were three main assemblages of epiphytic pteridophytes based on species composition with 50% overall similarity. Of the 102 species identified, 11 were threatened which represent 6.08% of the total threatened pteridophytes of the Philippines. Noteworthy is the new species record of Asplenium beccarianum for the Philippines. Unique composition of epiphytic pteridophytes was evident and the results showed that Mt. Apo is an important location for the conservation of these communities.\u0000\u0000KEYWORDS: abundance, Asplenium beccarianum, conservation, phorophtye, epiphyte","PeriodicalId":37378,"journal":{"name":"Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41550239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aeromonas veronii and Plesiomonas shigelloides (Gammaproteobacteria) isolated from Glossogobius aureus (Gobiidae) in Lake Sampaloc, Laguna, Philippines","authors":"J. L. J. Gacad, J. C. Briones","doi":"10.26757/pjsb2020a14009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26757/pjsb2020a14009","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial infections are high-risk factors in fisheries, with reports of high mortality among diseased fish stocks posing a threat to both capture and aquaculture fisheries in inland waters. Diseases-causing bacteria in fishes may lead to decreased yield and economic loss to fishers, whose livelihood primarily depends on landed catch. Lake fisheries are most affected by such disruptive changes because of limitations in water turnover aggravated by wastewater inputs. In this study, we isolated and characterized gut bacteria from landed catch of the gobiid Glossogobius aureus from Lake Sampaloc, a small but commercially important aquaculture area in Luzon. Isolated axenic gut bacteria were identified through Gram stain reaction, microscopy, API biochemical tests, and 16s rRNA gene sequencing. From these, we identified two species with known fish pathogenicity, namely Aeromonas veronii and Plesiomonas shigelloides which are known to thrive in disrupted and nutrient-rich habitats and cause visible damage to fish health. Interestingly, our samples have shown no such visible signs of the disease. It is therefore important for future researches to determine what conservation and management practices in small inland waters like lakes will limit potential environmental stressors that may trigger susceptibility of both capture and farmed fish species to infection. Ultimately, rehabilitation of inland water aquaculture areas such as Lake Sampaloc is essential not only to fish conservation but also to public health and local food security.","PeriodicalId":37378,"journal":{"name":"Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46212441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Species listing and distribution of macrofungi in Consocep Mountain Resort, Tigaon and Mount Isarog National Park, Goa, Camarines Sur","authors":"Camarines Sur, J. A. Paguirigan, Bjorn Adrian P. David, Rjan Nichole Marie S. Elsisura, R. AlissaJane, Gamboa, Reyzen Francis P. Gardaya, Josh Patrick N. Ilagan, Julianne Paula L. Mendiola, Patricia B. Pineda, River N. Samelin, M. V. Pangilinan","doi":"10.26757/pjsb2020a14005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26757/pjsb2020a14005","url":null,"abstract":"The Philippines is known for its environmental diversity due to its ideal climatic conditions. Scientists have studied various species of flora and fauna in the country, including macrofungi. However, not all regions have been studied and explored for macrofungi such as Mount Isarog in Camarines Sur. To add to Philippine macrofungal diversity, this study accounted for naturally occurring macrofungi collected in April 2018 at Consocep Mountain Resort in Tigaon and Mount Isarog National Park in Goa, Camarines Sur. The samples collected were identified based on their morpho-anatomical characteristics, as well as their substrate with the aid of published taxonomic keys. A total of 36 taxa were identified from the two sites and classified under eight orders, 17 families, and 26 genera. Order Polyporales had the most number of specimens. The number of species provided evidence for the high diversity of macrofungal species in the area with most of them attached to bark substrates.","PeriodicalId":37378,"journal":{"name":"Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46841122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Butterfly range extensions in the Philippines and Indonesia","authors":"J. A. Badon, David J. Lohman","doi":"10.26757/pjsb2020c14001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26757/pjsb2020c14001","url":null,"abstract":"Recent curation of the butterfly collections in the National Museum of Natural History in Manila, Philippines, and the McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, USA, resulted in new island records of Ideopsis juventa luzonica (Nymphalidae: Danainae) from Mabog Island in the Babuyan Islands, Philippines, Cheritra freja pallida (Lycaenidae: Theclinae) from Sebuku Island, Borneo, and Eurema hiurai (Pieridae: Coliadinae) in Zambales (Luzon) and Cotabato (Mindanao), Philippines.\u0000\u0000KEYWORDS: butterflies, range, Philippines, Indonesia","PeriodicalId":37378,"journal":{"name":"Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43900806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vorticella and Colacium as epibionts of copepods in Pasig river, Philippines","authors":"","doi":"10.26757/pjsb2020a14008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26757/pjsb2020a14008","url":null,"abstract":"The chitinous exoskeleton of copepods serves as a scaffold for microepibionts such as protozoa. Although copepods are highly cosmopolitan, their associated epibionts in the tropics are poorly known. This study presents the first account in the Philippines of the ciliate Vorticella on calanoid copepod Arctodiaptomus dorsalis and both Vorticella and the euglenoid Colacium on the cyclopoid copepods Thermocyclops crassus and Mesocyclops microlasius in the Pasig River. Infestation, however, was low at 0.83% (108 out of 13,039) observed copepods from four collection sites in January-May and July-December 2018. Interestingly, Vorticella and Colacium were frequently observed in cyclopoid than on calanoid copepods, predominantly on the urosome, thorax, cephalosome of copepodites and adult stages of copepods. Colacium was also found attached on the antennules, swimming legs, caudal rami and setae. Prevalence of epibionts was site-related; Vorticella being more abundant in waters near Manila Bay (Site 1) where high salinity, conductivity and total dissolved solids were recorded while Colacium was found more near Laguna de Bay (Site 4). Both were abundantly present in September and absent in May, due to increased inflow of seawater from Manila Bay. Nevertheless, overall low infestation resulted in neither significant spatial nor temporal variation of epibiosis in Pasig River, probably due to heavy loadings of wastewater from nearby tributaries, noticeable algal blooms, detachment of epibionts by predations and changes in water chemistry.","PeriodicalId":37378,"journal":{"name":"Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46826122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}