{"title":"Measuring attributes of concurrent software specifications in Petri nets","authors":"S. Morasca","doi":"10.1109/METRIC.1999.809731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/METRIC.1999.809731","url":null,"abstract":"Specifications play a crucial role in the development of many types of software systems. Formal specification techniques are often used to help ensure that the requirements are correctly captured and to prove or check properties of the developed software. This is especially true in systems such as concurrent software systems, due to the critical nature that such systems may have. Though the growing importance of the specification phase shows the emerging need for extending measurement to it, few measures have been defined for software specifications. The main reason is that specifications have often been written in informal languages, which made it hard to define and collect measures for software specifications. Instead, formal specifications would have a great potential for being measured. The paper proposes a set of measures for capturing a number of internal attributes (i.e., size, length, complexity, and coupling) of software specifications written with Petri nets, a well known formal technique for modeling concurrent systems. These measures are theoretically validated against a collection of sets of properties that have been proposed in the literature. This theoretical validation provides supporting evidence that the measures really capture the internal attributes they purport to measure. This is a necessary precondition in the development of a set of measures for the internal attributes of concurrent software specifications.","PeriodicalId":372331,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Sixth International Software Metrics Symposium (Cat. No.PR00403)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123068142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Factors systematically associated with errors in subjective estimates of software development effort: the stability of expert judgment","authors":"A. Gray, Stephen G. MacDonell, M. Shepperd","doi":"10.1109/METRIC.1999.809743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/METRIC.1999.809743","url":null,"abstract":"Estimation of project development effort is most often performed by expert judgment rather than by using an empirically derived model (although such may be used by the expert to assist their decision). One question that can be asked about these estimates is how stable are they with respect to characteristics of the development process and product? This stability can be assessed in relation to the degree to which the project has advanced over time, the type of module for which the estimate is being made, and the characteristics of that module. In this paper we examine a set of expert-derived estimates for the effort required to develop a collection of modules from a large health-care system. Statistical tests are used to identify relationships between the type (screen or report) and characteristics of modules and the likelihood of the associated development effort being underestimated, approximately correct, or over-estimated. Distinct relationships are found that suggest that the estimation process being examined was not unbiased to such characteristics. This is a potentially useful finding in that it provides an opportunity for estimators to improve their prediction performance.","PeriodicalId":372331,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Sixth International Software Metrics Symposium (Cat. No.PR00403)","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132556882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On integrating assessment and measurement: towards continuous assessment of software engineering processes","authors":"J. Järvinen, D. Hamann, R. Solingen","doi":"10.1109/METRIC.1999.809722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/METRIC.1999.809722","url":null,"abstract":"Goal-driven measurement and software process assessment are established technologies and are used extensively in the software industry to facilitate process improvement. Usually, these are activities performed by separate measurement and assessment experts with little mutual co-operation. In the PROFES research project, measurement and assessment have been successfully integrated to save costs and seek synergies. In this paper, we describe these integration possibilities and identify their limitations, with a focus on continuous assessment using ISO 15504 as a background reference model for software processes. As a practical example, we present Tokheim's experience of establishing and using the continuous assessment approach in extending their measurement programme on the system testing process of the Omega system.","PeriodicalId":372331,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Sixth International Software Metrics Symposium (Cat. No.PR00403)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131206248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Estimating the size of changes for evolving object oriented systems: a case study","authors":"G. Antoniol, G. Canfora, A. D. Lucia","doi":"10.1109/METRIC.1999.809746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/METRIC.1999.809746","url":null,"abstract":"Size related measures have traditionally been the basis for effort estimation models to predict costs of software activities along the entire software product life cycle. Object-Oriented (OO) systems are developed and evolve by adding/removing new classes and modifying existing entities. We propose an approach to predict the size of changes of evolving OO systems based on the analysis of the classes impacted by a change request. Our approach can be used both in iterative development processes or during software maintenance. A first empirical evaluation of the proposed approach has been obtained by applying our tools to the post-release evolution of OO software systems available on the net. The systems were analyzed, and models to predict added modified LOCs from added/modified classes were statistically validated. In the paper preliminary results of the above outlined evaluation is presented.","PeriodicalId":372331,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Sixth International Software Metrics Symposium (Cat. No.PR00403)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116926177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}