{"title":"Holographic techniques to improve antenna measurements","authors":"Francisco Jose Cano Facila, M. S. Castañer","doi":"10.1049/sbew529e_ch4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/sbew529e_ch4","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter has analysed the use of holographic techniques for the improvement of the quality of antenna measurements through post-processing techniques. Holographic techniques and the use of plane wave expansion of the radiated field allow an easy way of expression of the radiated field of the antenna. This plane wave expansion is directly related with the sources of the antenna in a plane through an FFT. The use of the FFT allows a very fast calculation, and the results can be practically obtained in real time.The chapter has explored the use of these techniques for echo reduction, increase of SNR, reduction of truncation errors and leakage detection and cancellation. The main advantage of this technique is the required time and reduced computer requirements. These advantages make this technique very useful for some applications. The main drawbacks are the use of planar surfaces, which makes this technique very appropriate for aperture or planar antennas, but not so good for other kind of antennas. However, the sources can be reconstructed in a plane in front of the antenna. Also, the use of holographic techniques makes these techniques appropriate for antennas radiating in one hemisphere. Again, aperture or planar antennas are the most pertinent for the use of these algorithms. In the previous chapter, a more general technique calculating electromagnetic currents on a surface enclosing the antenna has the advantage of the application for a general antenna, but the required time is much higher.","PeriodicalId":372151,"journal":{"name":"Post-processing Techniques in Antenna Measurement","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120992220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Antenna measurement improvement using spherical or cylindrical mode expansion","authors":"F. Saccardi, M. S. Castañer, L. Foged","doi":"10.1049/sbew529e_ch5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/sbew529e_ch5","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter, we will focus separately on the spherical and cylindrical modal expansion techniques. The spatial filtering based on the SWE technique is described in Section. The SWE can be applied to any type of antenna and it requires the knowledge of the full three-dimensional (3D) radiation pattern. In Section, we will see how the SWE can be exploited not only for echo reduction purposes but also for noise reduction and to mitigate the errors coming from the truncation of the scanning area.","PeriodicalId":372151,"journal":{"name":"Post-processing Techniques in Antenna Measurement","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126774667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Link between simulation and measurements","authors":"Lucia Scialaqua, F. Mioc, L. Foged","doi":"10.1049/sbew529e_ch7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/sbew529e_ch7","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter, you will learn of tools and techniques that overcome the limitations due to unknown source-model characterization and the complexity of the environment to be measured. The approach, based on the equivalent current (EQC) representation of an antenna, links measurement equipment/techniques with commercially available numerical computational tools to provide measurements of source antennas for simulations in the most complex of test environments.","PeriodicalId":372151,"journal":{"name":"Post-processing Techniques in Antenna Measurement","volume":"152 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115793799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Antenna and measurement improvements based on equivalent currents reconstruction","authors":"M. Saporetti, A. Giacomini, F. Saccardi, L. Foged","doi":"10.1049/sbew529e_ch3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/sbew529e_ch3","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter, different applicative examples of the EQC technique will be considered. In particular, in Section 3.2, we focus on diagnostic and filtering capabilities of the EQC technique and how such investigative techniques can facilitate design improvement from antenna prototyping. The design advancements are achieved through a better understanding of the cause of both desired and undesired radiation phenomenon on the measured prototype. The inspection of the EQC determined on a surface conformal to the measured prototype is in many ways similar to what is achieved from numerical modeling of the antenna with some very important differences. The EQCs are a result of the measured radiation, whereas currents determined by numerical modeling include both radiating and non-radiating sources. A further distinction of the EQC is that the radiation from a distinct physical feature, like a connector, can be isolated and its contribution to the overall radiation determined. The spatial filtering capabilities of the EQC is a very important feature to achieve design enhancement.","PeriodicalId":372151,"journal":{"name":"Post-processing Techniques in Antenna Measurement","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124294443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ana Arboleya, Y. Alvarez, J. Laviada, F. Las-Heras
{"title":"Phase recovery in antenna measurements","authors":"Ana Arboleya, Y. Alvarez, J. Laviada, F. Las-Heras","doi":"10.1049/sbew529e_ch6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/sbew529e_ch6","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter focuses on two specific techniques, both derived from optics. In the first technique, an interferometry between the unknown radiated field and a known radiated field is used. As it will be illustrated, if certain conditions are met, then it is possible to directly retrieve the radiated field with a negligible error by means of simple operations in the spatial spectral domain, also known as k-space.","PeriodicalId":372151,"journal":{"name":"Post-processing Techniques in Antenna Measurement","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132604505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Future trends in antenna measurements","authors":"M. S. Castañer, L. Foged","doi":"10.1049/sbew529e_ch8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/sbew529e_ch8","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter of the book gives a summary of the different techniques from the different chapters of the book. It deals with the characteristics of the new antenna systems, basically digital systems applied for antenna reconfigurability, antenna beamforming, digital RADAR, massive MIMO, etc. It analyses the required electromagnetic parameters to be able to characterize these new antenna systems, and It summarizes new antenna measurement systems for those antennas and parameters. There is no doubt, that the algorithms and techniques exposed along this book will be necessary for the characterization of the future antenna systems; therefore, this last section tries to merge all these advances with the future requirements. Finally it gives an outlook to the future in antenna measurements.","PeriodicalId":372151,"journal":{"name":"Post-processing Techniques in Antenna Measurement","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122082100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Introduction to antenna measurement and post-processing techniques","authors":"L. Foged, M. S. Castañer","doi":"10.1049/sbew529e_ch1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/sbew529e_ch1","url":null,"abstract":"All the contents included in this book have had important theoretical and practical developments during the last years. All these methods are based on the translation of the near or far-field data to other domains (as modes or currents on the antenna surfaces). In those domains, the antenna engineers can recognize and correct errors in an easiest and fastest way, having some a priori information of the antenna. Obviously, the progress in this field has been supported by a deep study in universities and research centres. Also, commercial antenna diagnostic tools, as Insight (MVG) or Diatool (TICRA), have been proposed for doing very accurate source reconstructions using integral equation methods. Other commercial tools, as Mars (NSI), Isofilter (MI-Tech) or MVEcho (MVG), use the decomposition of the acquired field in cylindrical or spherical modes to filter out spurious signals.","PeriodicalId":372151,"journal":{"name":"Post-processing Techniques in Antenna Measurement","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128675509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Source reconstruction using equivalent currents","authors":"J. Quijano, M. Righero, G. Giordanengo, G. Vecchi","doi":"10.1049/sbew529e_ch2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/sbew529e_ch2","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter the source reconstruction using equivalent currents is a mature technique with a number of interesting applications such as field transformation (NF-FF/NF-NF), electromagnetic diagnostics, design optimization, general source modeling, and antenna synthesis. Its formulation and numerical solution are based on the widely popular MoM and therefore inherits its well-known properties such as accuracy and flexibility and profits directly from advanced techniques developed around MoM such as low-frequency, large-scale, and multi-resolution solvers to mention some. It has been found that the DEqF provides robust results and the best accuracy in real-world situations both for diagnostics and for field transformations, while the simpler SEqFs could be of interest in order to reduce memory and time requirements when the loss in accuracy is acceptable, or when dealing with data from simulation.","PeriodicalId":372151,"journal":{"name":"Post-processing Techniques in Antenna Measurement","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116831628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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