MediAl最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment of patients with COVID-19 on the results of a laboratory study","authors":"Л. В. Пузырева, А.В. Мордык, И. М. Толох, Н. В. Бардина","doi":"10.21145/2225-0026-2020-2-10-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21145/2225-0026-2020-2-10-13","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of a new coronavirus infection was marked by the re-profiling of hospitals, including infectious diseases, to treat this category of patients. The accumulation of information about the effectiveness of its treatment is of scientific and practical interest. Purpose of the study : to evaluate the diagnosis and effectiveness of treatment of patients with COVID-19 Based on the results of laboratory tests. Materials and methods . The study was conducted in the period from 18.04.20 to 19.06.20, 379 patients were included in the study. Upon admission to the hospital, 27 patients had a positive nasal and pharyngeal swab by PCR for SARS-CoV-2 RNA, the results of MSCT of the OGC in 368 (99,5±0,38%) patients indicated the presence of pneumonia. On the first day of hospitalization, positive smears for SARS-CoV-2 RNA were in 172 (46,5±0,3%) patients, on the third day –  in 96 (25,9±2,28%) patients. Patients with negative PCR results underwent enzyme immunoassay  for IgM antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, in 108 (28,5±2,3%) they were found. Results. Upon admission  to the hospital, a confirmed new coronavirus infection COVID-19 was observed only in 7,1±1,3%, in all the remaining 92,8±1,3% the diagnosis was probable. The majority of patients had MSCT results on admission. Novel coronavirus infection COVID-19 was not confirmed in 9,7±1,5% of hospitalized patients. All laboratory facilities were used for diagnostics. Confirmation of the disease based on the results of PCR diagnostics of nasal and nasopharyngeal swabs was achieved in 83,6±1,1%, and during the enzyme immunoassay for IgM antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus – in 108 (28,5±2,3%) sick. The control X-ray examination of the chest organs showed positive dynamics in most patients  (252; 71,6±2,4%). Some patients experienced the presence of the virus in the nose and nasopharynx after 12 days of treatment. Treatment times for smear-positive patients on days 10 and 12 were lengthened. The average number of days of inpatient treatment of patients with detected coronavirus infection with manifestations of pneumonia was 18±2,1 bed/days . Conclusion . In all patients who have  a clinic of acute respiratory viral infection, it is necessary to diagnose a new coronavirus infection COVID-19 not only by PCR diagnostics, but also to use an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay  for SARS-CoV-2, with mandatory X-ray examination of the chest organs MSCT.","PeriodicalId":371905,"journal":{"name":"MediAl","volume":"262 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114014954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular and epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis B virus in conditions of mass vaccine prophylaxis","authors":"А. В. Полянина, Татьяна Николаевна Быстрова","doi":"10.21145/2225-0026-2019-2-10-39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21145/2225-0026-2019-2-10-39","url":null,"abstract":"The urgency of the problem of hepatitis B is due to the significant economic damage, medical, social and epidemiological significance of this disease, the ubiquity, severity, high frequency of adverse outcomes of infection, active involvement in the epidemic process of persons of reproductive and working age. The socio-economic significance of hepatitis B is evidenced by the morbidity, prevalence and mortality from this infection. The decrease in the incidence of acute hepatitis B, which is observed in Russia at the present time, is not a reason for an optimistic view of the problem, since the incidence of chronic hepatitis B over the past five years is almost at the same level (9–10 cases per 100 000 population). To date, laboratory diagnosis of viral hepatitis is based on the determination of specific markers by enzyme immunoassay. The use of molecular genetic methods opens up new prospects in the study of infection, allows us to identify patterns of manifestation, mechanisms of regulation of the epidemic process, including the study of the variability of the pathogen in space and time. The use of molecular genetic research methods should be considered not as an alternative, but as a mandatory addition to the regulated diagnostic schemes, which will effectively identify the pathogens of viral hepatitis, assess the identity of viral isolates and on this basis improve epidemiological surveillance and control of these infections.","PeriodicalId":371905,"journal":{"name":"MediAl","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133143668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical composition and biological activity of Armenian Muscari (Muscari armeniacum Leichtlin)","authors":"D. О. Bokov","doi":"10.21145/2225-0026-2019-1-61-65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21145/2225-0026-2019-1-61-65","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":371905,"journal":{"name":"MediAl","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122643931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical, epidemiological and immunological characteristics of mycoplasma pneumonia (analytical review)","authors":"E. A. Koshkarina, D. Kvashnina, I. Shirokova","doi":"10.21145/2225-0026-2019-1-7-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21145/2225-0026-2019-1-7-18","url":null,"abstract":"Community-acquired pneumonia is today considered one of the most common infectious diseases in many countries of the world. More than 100 microorganisms can cause pneumonia. The most frequent causative agents of community-acquired pneumonia are: S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, S. aureus, M. pneumoniae, C. pneumoniae, K. pneumoniae and other Enterobacteriaceae spp., Legionella spp., influenza viruses. Community-acquired pneumonia, including those caused by M. pneumoniae, remains a serious medical and social problem for many countries of the world, including Russia. Modern clinical and epidemiological characteristics of community-acquired pneumonia is actively changing: new data on pathogens, atypical clinical manifestations of the disease, risk groups of infection, as well as the discovery of new immunological mechanisms of interaction of macro-and microorganism, which requires revision and updating of the basic regulatory and methodological documents, the development and implementation of new most sensitive and specific methods of laboratory diagnosis. Thus, further studies and evaluation of clinical, epidemiological, and immunological characteristics of community-acquired pneumonia and factors causing them, is an important way of improving epidemiological surveillance and control of this nosological forms, diagnostic and treatment tactics in therapy.","PeriodicalId":371905,"journal":{"name":"MediAl","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121567571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}