Evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment of patients with COVID-19 on the results of a laboratory study

Abstract

The emergence of a new coronavirus infection was marked by the re-profiling of hospitals, including infectious diseases, to treat this category of patients. The accumulation of information about the effectiveness of its treatment is of scientific and practical interest. Purpose of the study : to evaluate the diagnosis and effectiveness of treatment of patients with COVID-19 Based on the results of laboratory tests. Materials and methods . The study was conducted in the period from 18.04.20 to 19.06.20, 379 patients were included in the study. Upon admission to the hospital, 27 patients had a positive nasal and pharyngeal swab by PCR for SARS-CoV-2 RNA, the results of MSCT of the OGC in 368 (99,5±0,38%) patients indicated the presence of pneumonia. On the first day of hospitalization, positive smears for SARS-CoV-2 RNA were in 172 (46,5±0,3%) patients, on the third day –  in 96 (25,9±2,28%) patients. Patients with negative PCR results underwent enzyme immunoassay  for IgM antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, in 108 (28,5±2,3%) they were found. Results. Upon admission  to the hospital, a confirmed new coronavirus infection COVID-19 was observed only in 7,1±1,3%, in all the remaining 92,8±1,3% the diagnosis was probable. The majority of patients had MSCT results on admission. Novel coronavirus infection COVID-19 was not confirmed in 9,7±1,5% of hospitalized patients. All laboratory facilities were used for diagnostics. Confirmation of the disease based on the results of PCR diagnostics of nasal and nasopharyngeal swabs was achieved in 83,6±1,1%, and during the enzyme immunoassay for IgM antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus – in 108 (28,5±2,3%) sick. The control X-ray examination of the chest organs showed positive dynamics in most patients  (252; 71,6±2,4%). Some patients experienced the presence of the virus in the nose and nasopharynx after 12 days of treatment. Treatment times for smear-positive patients on days 10 and 12 were lengthened. The average number of days of inpatient treatment of patients with detected coronavirus infection with manifestations of pneumonia was 18±2,1 bed/days . Conclusion . In all patients who have  a clinic of acute respiratory viral infection, it is necessary to diagnose a new coronavirus infection COVID-19 not only by PCR diagnostics, but also to use an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay  for SARS-CoV-2, with mandatory X-ray examination of the chest organs MSCT.