Journal of Asian Earth Sciences: X最新文献

{"title":"Morphogenesis of the Holocene coastal landforms on Sumba Island, Indonesia","authors":"Denovan Chauveau ,&nbsp;Kevin Pedoja ,&nbsp;Christine Authemayou ,&nbsp;Laurent Husson ,&nbsp;Gino de Gelder ,&nbsp;Sonny Aribowo ,&nbsp;Mary Elliot ,&nbsp;Julius Jara–Muñoz ,&nbsp;Anne-Morwenn Pastier ,&nbsp;Danny Hilman Natawidjaja ,&nbsp;Vera Christanti Agusta ,&nbsp;Sri Yudawati Cahyarini","doi":"10.1016/j.jaesx.2025.100208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaesx.2025.100208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coastal terraces, whether erosional, depositional, or bio-constructed, have been widely used to quantify Late Cenozoic vertical deformation and relative sea-level changes. Here, we review and investigate the Holocene coastal terraces of Sumba Island, Indonesia. We describe fifteen coastal sites, evenly distributed between the South and North coasts. The terraces are Holocene age, based on ¹⁴C and U/Th ages. We show that the preservation of coastal terraces in Sumba is favoured on the leeward coast (North). Holocene and older Pleistocene coastal terraces are almost absent on the windward coast (South), although modern coral reefs almost ubiquitously thrive. The morphology and the nature of the bedrock varies between the two sides of the island: while sequences of earlier Pleistocene coral reef limestones dominate in the North, Miocene/Pliocene tuffs and pelagic carbonates outcrop on the southern coast. The elevations of the Holocene inner edges range from 2.4 ± 0.7 to 6.9 ± 0.7 m above the present mean sea level. Despite disparate uplift rates, the three preserved windward terraces (out of the seven sites investigated) generally have a higher inner edge than leeward terraces. We conclude that neither glacio-eustatic oscillations, vertical deformation rates nor hydrodynamics by themselves can explain the variability in inner edge elevations on Sumba, but only a complex combination of these processes. Finally, our study serves as a solid basis for future investigation of the Holocene landforms of the island of Sumba and other similar tropical coastal zones.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37149,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences: X","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100208"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145048748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cenozoic exhumation of the North Qinling Range: Insights from apatite and zircon (U-Th)/He thermochronology","authors":"Jin Liu,&nbsp;Yubo Wang,&nbsp;Xiao Ding,&nbsp;Junwei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jaesx.2025.100207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaesx.2025.100207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Cenozoic uplift of the North Qinling Range has profoundly influenced climatic and ecological patterns across northern and southern China. However, key aspects of this orogenic event, including its principal phase(s) of exhumation, total magnitude, and detailed evolutionary processes remain poorly constrained. We present a series of apatite and zircon (U-Th)/He ages from a drill core and surface relief of Zhongnan Mt., in the middle part of North Qinling Range. Comparative analysis of apatite (U-Th)/He age discrepancies between drill core and surface samples provides a perspective to figure out variation of isotherms and then helps figure out that fault activity and topographic wave length were dominant controls on isotherm geometry in the study area. The composite vertical pseudo-transect constructed from apatite and zircon (U-Th)/He ages indicates a very fast cooling period since at least ∼ 82.7 Ma and lasted to 77 Ma, followed by a relatively slow cooling stage until 49 Ma, and then a slow cooling period to 33 Ma. These three exhumation stages are widely documented in the adjacent region, with the subduction of the Pacific Plate considered the primary driving mechanism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37149,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences: X","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100207"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145018989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fate of the Late Triassic Songpan–Ganzi Basin in the eastern Paleo-Tethys Ocean: Geochemical and geochronological constraints in the NE Tibetan Plateau: Comment","authors":"Ru-Ye Tian,&nbsp;Jia Qu,&nbsp;Peng-Tao Wang,&nbsp;Wen-Tao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jaesx.2025.100206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaesx.2025.100206","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37149,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences: X","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100206"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144932087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fate of the Late Triassic Songpan-Ganzi Basin in the eastern Paleo-Tethys Ocean: Geochemical and geochronological constraints in the NE Tibetan Plateau:Reply","authors":"Hong-Xu Mu,&nbsp;Dan-Ping Yan,&nbsp;Liang Qiu,&nbsp;Ruo-Yan Kong,&nbsp;Ling-Xiao Gong","doi":"10.1016/j.jaesx.2025.100205","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaesx.2025.100205","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37149,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences: X","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100205"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144925778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential of random forest machine learning algorithm for geological mapping using PALSAR and Sentinel-2A remote sensing data: A case study of Tsagaan-uul area, southern Mongolia","authors":"Munkhsuren Badrakh ,&nbsp;Narantsetseg Tserendash ,&nbsp;Erdenejargal Choindonjamts ,&nbsp;Gáspár Albert","doi":"10.1016/j.jaesx.2025.100204","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaesx.2025.100204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Geological mapping in remote and geologically complex regions can be substantially improved by integrating remote sensing data with machine learning algorithms. This study evaluates the effectiveness of the Random Forest algorithm for geological mapping in the Tsagaan-uul area of the Khatanbulag ancient massif, Mongolia, a region characterized by limited accessibility and sparse field data. A comprehensive set of predictor variables was used, including Sentinel-2A spectral bands and indices, ALOS PALSAR digital elevation model, and terrain morphometric features. Two distinct training strategies were employed: (1) based on a geological map, (2) based on field-collected rock samples from two lithologically diverse formations. Variable importance was assessed using the Mean Decrease Gini index, while classification performance was measured through overall accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and the Kappa coefficient. In the first experiment, ALOS PALSAR DEM and Terrain Ruggedness Index were identified as the most influential predictors. Overall accuracy across all nine models ranged from 59.9 % to 64.4 %, with Kappa coefficients between 0.508 and 0.562. Model 1, which used a 90–10 % split, achieved the highest performance, while Model 4 recorded the lowest. These suggest that the data split ratio had a greater impact on model accuracy than the number of decision trees. In the second experiment, variations in the number of trees and variables per split had minimal effects, whereas the choice of stratification method significantly affected model outcomes. Overall, findings emphasize the critical role of dataset configuration, such as class balance and representative sampling, in optimizing Random Forest-based geological mapping.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37149,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences: X","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100204"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144758050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the concentration, mobility, and bioavailability of Co, Cr, and Ni in soils from west Sabzevar ophiolitic complex, Iran","authors":"Parisa Maleknia ,&nbsp;Seyed Ali Mazhari ,&nbsp;Nelson Ugwonoh ,&nbsp;Szabolcs Czigány ,&nbsp;Monika Kasina ,&nbsp;Justine L. Myovela","doi":"10.1016/j.jaesx.2025.100203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaesx.2025.100203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil contamination by heavy metals poses significant risks to ecosystems and human health, necessitating assessments beyond total concentrations to evaluate bioavailability and mobility. This study investigates heavy metal distribution in soils derived from ultramafic-rich ophiolitic complexes in the Sabzevar Range, northeastern Iran, focusing on Nickel (Ni), Chromium (Cr), and Cobalt (Co). Surface soils from Davarzan (sections A and B) and Namen areas were analyzed using total digestion, The diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) single-step extraction, and The European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction protocol to assess total concentrations, bioavailability, mobility and geochemical partitioning of heavy metals. Results indicate elevated total Ni and Cr concentrations exceeding Iranian maximum permissible concentrations (MPCs), with Ni and Cr classified as “heavily polluted” via geoaccumulation indices (I_geo ≥ 3). DTPA extraction revealed higher bioavailability in agricultural soils, emphasizing anthropogenic influences. BCR sequential extraction demonstrated that &gt; 70 % of Co, &gt;80 % of Cr, and &gt; 75 % of Ni were sequestered in residual fractions, suggesting limited inherent mobility. However, absolute bioavailable and mobile fractions exceeded MPC thresholds in several samples, highlighting latent ecological risks. Spatial variability in metal behavior correlated with lithological provenance: ultramafic-derived soils (Davarzan Section A) exhibited maximal metal enrichment and mobility, while alluvial soils (Namen) showed dilution effects. Agricultural practices increased organic carbon and phosphate content, enhancing metal retention and mobilization. This study underscores the critical role of speciation analysis in environmental risk assessments in ultramafic terrains. Integrating bioavailability metrics with total concentrations provides a robust framework for prioritizing remediation strategies in contaminated ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37149,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences: X","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100203"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144721097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contrasting characteristics observed between the early and late Cretaceous periods: Evidences from geochemical and isotopic studies of clastic rocks from the Tethys Himalaya, India","authors":"Heena Khan ,&nbsp;Javid A. Ganai ,&nbsp;Shaik A. Rashid ,&nbsp;Nurul Absar","doi":"10.1016/j.jaesx.2025.100202","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaesx.2025.100202","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study uses a multi-proxy approach on Cretaceous shales (consisting of early Cretaceous Giumal shale and late Cretaceous Chikkim shale of Lagudarsi Group) from the Spiti region of the Indian Tethys Himalaya to assess paleo-weathering, redox conditions, paleoclimate, provenance characteristics and tectonic setting. Geochemical weathering indices such as the Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA), Weathering Index of Parker (WIP) and Ca-free weathering indices (CIX) suggest a shift in weathering intensity from low to high degrees during the Cretaceous period in the source area, also shown in the Al₂O₃–CaO*<!--> <!-->+<!--> <!-->Na₂O–K₂O (A–CN–K) diagram. Redox-sensitive trace element ratios like V/(V + Ni), V/Sc and Ce anomalies, Total Organic Carbon (TOC), δ¹³C and δ³⁴S values indicate an anoxic marine depositional environment, documenting an ocean anoxic event (OAE). Provenance discrimination diagrams and geochemical ratios incorporating Nd–Sr isotopes indicate a felsic-dominant source for early Cretaceous Giumal shale and a more mafic-dominant source for late Cretaceous Chikkim shale. Geochemical proxies (Rb/Sr, Mg/Ca, Al/K and CIA) record a shift from humid (non-glacial) climate during the early Cretaceous to cold (glacial) climate during the late Cretaceous. Discriminant diagrams (K₂O/Na₂O–SiO₂, La/Sc–Ti/Zr, and La–Th–Sc) suggest a passive margin tectonic setting for the early Cretaceous, whereas an active continental margin for late Cretaceous shale in the Spiti region. These findings provide insights into the climatic and tectonic evolution of the Indian Tethys Himalaya during the Cretaceous period, contributing to the understanding of global anoxic events and regional sedimentary and tectonic history.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37149,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences: X","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100202"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144703089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Provenance and uranium source of the lower cretaceous sedimentary rocks in Northern Sichuan Basin: evidence from sedimentary facies analysis and detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology","authors":"Wen-hao Li ,&nbsp;De-ru Xu ,&nbsp;Jia-bao Yang ,&nbsp;Qiu-shuang Fan ,&nbsp;Zhao-kun Yan ,&nbsp;Cheng-yong Zhang ,&nbsp;Zeng-hua Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jaesx.2025.100201","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaesx.2025.100201","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we present results of sedimentary facies analysis and U-Pb dating of detrital zircons from the Lower Cretaceous uranium-bearing sandstones in northern Sichuan Basin, to investigate the influence of provenance and sedimentation process on the temporal and spatial distribution of uranium-bearing sandstones. The results show that there are four major zircon U-Pb age populations that cluster at 2800–2200 Ma (group 1), 2200–1600 Ma (group 2), 1600–538 Ma (group 3), and 538–145 Ma (group 4), respectively. The age data, combined with regional tectonic events, indicate that zircons of group 1, group 2 and group 3 in the western part of the Sichuan basin were mainly derived from the Bikou and Songpan-Ganzi terranes, and the varieties of group 4 were mainly originated from the Longmenshan thrust belt. Whereas zircons of group 1, group 2 and group 3 in the eastern part of the Sichuan basin were primarily sourced from the South Qinling Belt and the Bikou terrane, and those of group 4 were likely affiliated with the Hannan Micangshan massif and Dabashan thrust belt. The Paleozoic low-grade metamorphic rocks and Mesozoic sedimentary rocks and minor intermediate-acidic magmatic and volcanic rocks represented by group 4 zircons are considered as the primary source for uranium mineralization in the Lower Cretaceous sandstones. The Neoarchean to Proterozoic metamorphic rocks and plutonic and volcanic rocks, as revealed from the group 1, group 2 and group 3 zircons also contributed partially to the uranium sources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37149,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences: X","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100201"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144766976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mineralogy and provenance of red clay soils in Barind and Madhupur clay formations, Bangladesh: Implications for tectonic setting and chemical weathering","authors":"Md.Golam Mostafa ,&nbsp;Md.Aminur Rahman ,&nbsp;Pradip Kumar Biswas ,&nbsp;Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Islam ,&nbsp;Md.Ripaj Uddin ,&nbsp;Hayatullah ,&nbsp;Md.Nakib Hossen ,&nbsp;Md. Nuruzzaman ,&nbsp;Abu Yousuf ,&nbsp;Md. Hasnain Mustak ,&nbsp;Md. Shohel Rana","doi":"10.1016/j.jaesx.2025.100200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaesx.2025.100200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the geochemical and mineralogical properties of the Barind and Madhupur clay formations in the Bengal Basin, focusing on their provenance, tectonic setting and weathering processes in relation to regional geological evolution. Several techniques such as particle size distribution, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and geochemical weathering indices were applied to analyze the mineralogical, chemical and heavy metal characteristics of red clay soils. The particle size distribution reveals that the soil consists predominantly of fine-grained silt (∼80 %), with minor amounts of clay and sand, influenced by pedogenesis and weathering processes. Mineralogical analysis reveals dominance of quartz, kaolinite, illite, chlorite and iron oxides, suggesting a mix of weathered metamorphic and sedimentary rocks and intense weathering in a humid, cold Pleistocene climate. Geochemical data show high concentrations of SiO₂, indicating a quartz-rich source with a mature mineralogical composition. Principal component analysis (PCA) points to extensive weathering, particularly of mafic rocks. Chemical index of alteration (CIA) values ranges from 70.93 % to 90.80 %, indicating moderate to intense weathering. Trace metal concentrations are lower than the average Upper Continental Crust, suggesting long-term weathering. These findings underscore the role of humid, cold climates and tectonic setting in shaping the Bengal Basin’s Pleistocene landscapes. The study advances regional paleoclimatic reconstructions and highlights the interplay of Himalayan erosion, fluvial transport and chemical weathering in producing the distinctive red clay soils. Future work should integrate isotopic tracing to refine sediment source apportionment and climatic models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37149,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences: X","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100200"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144364786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iterative natural thresholding algorithm for seismic inversion aimed at potentially recovering geological interfaces characterized by weak reflection","authors":"Zidan Fan ,&nbsp;Ronghuo Dai ,&nbsp;Yue Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.jaesx.2025.100198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaesx.2025.100198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seismic inversion has developed into the core technology of quantitative prediction of rock’s elastic properties of underground in the exploration geophysics. In practical application, seismic impedance inversion is a frequently utilized technique. But it still has unsatisfactory protection of small reflectivity series in real seismic data. These small reflectivity series correspond to the weak reflections of geological interfaces, which is usually a sign of low acoustic impedance contrast in tunnels engineering or reservoirs of oil and gas in petroleum engineering, and other strata of geological significance. Hence, it is very important and meaningful to recover them from original seismic data. This paper adopts a novel algorithm named iterative natural thresholding algorithm (INTA) with the aim to improve the protection of weak reflections. Through an optimal thresholding operator and a concave regularization to enforce an optimal sparse solution, INTA can potentially recover these geological interfaces characterized by weak reflection. We utilize a synthetic seismic data profile and a real seismic data set to test its feasibility and show its better protection of small reflectivity series. From the inversion results, one can see that, compared to common used sparse constrained seismic inversion method, the inverted impedance by the proposed method can better characterize weak reflectors and help understand the structure of the earth more accurately.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37149,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences: X","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100198"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144124487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}