Iraqi National Journal of Earth Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Detecting the Tigris River Flood and its Impact on Residential and Touristic Areas in Mosul City Using Sentinel-2 Satellite Images","authors":"Abd Qubaa, Ayman Alsayiegh","doi":"10.33899/earth.2020.170348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/earth.2020.170348","url":null,"abstract":"Iraq is one of the countries with water abundance because it contains water sources distributed between permanent and seasonal flow. The Tigris River is considered as one of these the most important sources, which requires the necessity to monitor the changes that had been taken place in the course of this river and to study the environmental, climatic and erosional changes that were responsible to change the morphodynamic properties of this resource, especially in the rainy years that cause floods and human disasters, such as what happened in the accident of the sinking of the ferry in the city of Mosul. Consequently, the main objective of the current study is based on observing a selected section of the Tigris River basin at the beginning of its entry into Mosul city and studying the effects of changing the water level during different seasons on the banks of the river and its effects on random housing construction near the river. A new European satellite (Sentinel) is used which has high spatial resolution of up to 10 m per pixel, which was the last launch of its series in April 2018. The new QGIS program is also used to process the satellite data, using digital processing methods for interpretation, and to monitor changes in the studied section of the river. Two satellite images are adopted for two consecutive periods (2018 and 2019), corrected and geographically referenced. The conclusion is that there is an increase of 1.105 km2 in the area of the studied river section between the rainy year and the less rainy year, i.e. an approximate increase in excess of 50%. Therefore, the researchers recommend preventing the construction of any residential or touristic projects on the both Tigris River banks within at city of Mosul, and add to the forbidden areas a distance of not less than 50% of the surface area of any section of the river inside the city.","PeriodicalId":371191,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi National Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"85 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132236840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Azimuthal Resistance Techniques in the Study of Fractures of the Recent Deposition for Selected Sites near Mosul Dam","authors":"Mahmood Al-Fadhel, Marwan Mutib","doi":"10.33899/earth.2020.170351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/earth.2020.170351","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":371191,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi National Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127578571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydromorphological Study of Regulating Lake of Mosul DamNorth Mosul City, Iraq","authors":"Asaad A. M. AL-Hussein, Adil Al-Hamadani","doi":"10.33899/earth.2020.170316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/earth.2020.170316","url":null,"abstract":"The work deals with the study of hydromorphology of the regulating lake which located at (50Km) north of Mosul city. The survey started in November, 2012 using the EchoSounder, and carried out by dividing the lake into (30) sections starting from the lower surface of the main dam and ending at the regulating dam. Data are recorded and represented using GIS technology (Arc GIs v10.4) and Microsoft program (Excel). The survey shows that the shallowest depth in the lake is found at left bank of section (5) which reached (7.65 m) and the deepest point is Found in the left bank of ةسا رد قا رعلا ،لصوملا ةنيدم لامش ةيميظنتلا لصوملا دس ةريحب ةيجولوفرومورديه 21 the section (9) which reached (18.22m) directly on the Thalwage line. The hydraulic gradient of the lake is (1m/Km ), and the overall shape of the sections is (U) shape. The variation in depth in each section is mostly due to difference in the sedimentation and erosion. There was deposition on the convex sides and erosion in the concave sides of the banks, the erosion and sedimentation processes vary with the variat ion of water velocity, slope and rock components of the river along the regulating lake.","PeriodicalId":371191,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi National Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126976857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Geotechnical Properties of Local Claystones in Northeast Koya City, Iraqi Kurdistan Region","authors":"N. Ismail, Hemn M. Omar","doi":"10.33899/earth.2020.170286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/earth.2020.170286","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the current study is to determine the geotechnical properties of the investigated claystones /clayey soils in Koya area, Iraqi Kurdistan Region. This paper deals with the evaluating of the physical, mechanical and index properties of claystones. The study based on the field reconnaissance for twenty-five claystones samples were collected from five outcrops location within Fat'ha Formation. The results obtained from the laboratory tests revealed that the averages of specific gravity, porosity, void ratio, water absorption, natural water content and uniaxial compressive strength values of claystones are (1.5, 4.45%,4.5, 0.3, 3%, 65 MPa) respectively. Whereas the results of the index geotechnical characterization of clayey soils revealed that the averages values of liquid limit, plastic limit, plastic index, flow index, toughness index, liquidity index, consistency index, swelling potential, activity index, and expansive potential are (25.2, 15.0, 10.2, 0.2, 0.5, -1.2, 2.2, 0.62, 0.31, low or non-expansive) respectively. Among the index properties, the clayey soils are suitable for foundation and building materials industry. Furthermore, the regression coefficients of their correlation (R2) obtained from the analysis show that there are strong relationships between the physical and mechanical properties of claystones. Concluding remark is that geotechnical properties of examined natural claystones satisfy the relevant regulation to be used for construction purposes.","PeriodicalId":371191,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi National Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125226760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inferred Inversely Reactivated Listric Fault at Chia Gara Anticline, Northern Iraq","authors":"Ibrahim Aljumaily, Nazar Abdullah","doi":"10.33899/earth.2019.170280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/earth.2019.170280","url":null,"abstract":"Chia Gara anticline is an E-W extending doubly plunged fold, parallel to the Taurus Mountains having about (80) km length and (12) km width. It is located within the high folded zone of northern Iraq. The exposed rocks range in age from Late Triassic to Late Miocene. Structural analysis of the anticline performed through three traverses transverse to the general fold trend from western plunge zone towards east. Geometrical analysis of fold elements shows that Chia Gara anticline is asymmetrical verging towards north in both first and third traverses, whereas it is more or less symmetrical in the second traverse. Meanwhile, results of Fourier analysis demonstrates that the fold form is more developed in the northern limb of the anticline than in its southern limb, in the first and third traverses. Nevertheless, in the second traverse, the fold form seems more developed in the southern limb compared with the northern limb. The northern vergence of the anticline and its advance development in northern limb in the first and third traverses may reflect the impact of a suture vergent reversely slipped listric fault beneath the anticline sectors in these traverses. However, the obscure of such listric fault in the second traverse may be due to the effect of a sinistral (BF1) and a dextral (BF2) subsurface strike-slip faults transverse to the trend of Chia Gara anticline on either side of the second traverse. The surface expressions of them, as well as others like Zewa and Deralok faults (dextral) are evident in satellite image of the area. The southward pushing of the wedge between (BF1) and (BF2) had opposed the northward reverse displacement of the proposed listric fault beneath the second traverse. The effects of these strike-slip faults (BF1) and (BF2) are evident also in anticlockwise deflection of both axial plane and fold axis attitudes from first to the second traverse, and vice versa from second to the third traverse.","PeriodicalId":371191,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi National Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"191 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115618039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Structural Development of Folds Shapes in the Western Zagros Fold/Thrust Belt of Iraq Using Fourier Analysis","authors":"N. Al-Azzawi, N. Numan","doi":"10.33899/earth.2019.170283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/earth.2019.170283","url":null,"abstract":"Depending upon the geometrical shapes of the fold profiles, the Western Zagros Fold/ Thrust Belt of Iraq has been subdivided into different geometrically distinctive and genetically significant four sectors using Fourier ratios suggested by Hudleston classification. Furthermore, the same belt has been subdivided into eight sectors using Singh and Gairola's classification. The sector names of the former are chevronic– sinusoidal, sinusoidal–parabolic, parabolic–semi elliptical and semi elliptical–box fold styles. Whereas in the later division, the sectors are almost chevronic, chevronic– sinusoidal, almost sinusoidal, sinusoidal–parabolic, almost parabolic, parabolic–semi elliptical, almost semi elliptical and semi elliptical–box fold styles. The investigation involves harmonic analysis (Fourier analysis) of the fold profiles by solving Fourier equations using the Gauss elimination method, determination of Fourier coefficients and Fourier ratios for forty major anticline structures that cover fairly evenly the Western Zagros Fold/ Thrust region. The procedure of harmonic analysis is carried out with FOLDN, a GWBASIC program written for this purpose. Fourier ratios are utilized for distinguishing different types of fold shapes. In general, the map of these sectors shows that the folds become progressively more developed in shape towards the north and northeast. The arrangement of the obtained fold sectors in the studied area, matches the folds initiated first near the Alpine Suture and with time, they propagated south and southwestward across the axis of orogeny. In addition, probably the process is still going on.","PeriodicalId":371191,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi National Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130072156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphometric Characteristics of Wadi Koysenjaq Basin In Erbil Using GIS","authors":"Asaad A. M. AL-Hussein, A. Yahyaa","doi":"10.33899/earth.2019.170275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/earth.2019.170275","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims for building a database of the morphometric characteristics of the valley of Koysenjaq basin throughout the analysis of the digital elevation model (DEM), using a range of geographic information systems, such as (Arc GIS v. 10.3), (Global Mapper v.18), as a means of measuring raster, linear and areal elements. They integrate together to produce a large number of variables and morphometric measurements. The study has adopted digital elevation model data accuracy of distinctive accuracy (14) meters in addition to a range of maps and satellite images. The basin is located in the southeast southeast of Erbil Governorate and has a small area of about (549.56) km, with a length of (34.26) km and long Perimeter compared with its large area (133.92) km. The basin has characteristics of different morphometric features as a result of the different climate change, geological nature, morphology, and characteristics of the soil, which indicates that the basin is at the beginning of its geomorphological cycle. The quantitative analysis shows that the value of the elongation is (0.68), circulation is (0.38) and the form factor is (0.46). This means that it is rectangular, and irregular in shape, and it obvious from the study of the characteristics of terrain that the value of basin relief is high (28.27) m/km, and passes in the early stage of maturity according to hypsometric integration value. The study shows the characteristics of the drainage network in the basin consists of (433) tributary distributed (6) arranged according to Strahler classification with low-density drainage (1.13) km/km and stream frequency for basin (0.78) stream/km. This indicates that the number of tributaries of water is few compared with the area of the basin, so that the basin was not exposed to floods. The study recommends the use of more geographic information systems in determining the extent of seasonal drainage of the basin valleys in order to control the future flood risk, and good planning of the investment of these valleys in different fields through the construction of dam at the end of the basin for the purpose of harvesting water, and conducting morphometric studies compared to other river basins in Erbil Governorate to understand in detail its morphometric properties.","PeriodicalId":371191,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi National Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128337694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calcareous Nannofossils Biostratigraphy of Shiranish Formation (K-306) well, Northern Iraq","authors":"Maryam Abdul-Rheem Al-Maamari, O. Al-Badrani","doi":"10.33899/earth.2019.170278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/earth.2019.170278","url":null,"abstract":"Twenty Samples of Shiranish Formation from the well (K-306), Kirkuk area, northern Iraq, are collected and studied on the basis of stratigraphic ranges of the recorded calcareous nannofossils. Eighty-nine species in the studied section reveals five biozones arranged from oldest to youngest as follows: 1.Quadrum trifidum Interval Biozone (CC22) Part 2.Tranolithus phacelosus Interval Biozone (CC23) 3.Rienhardtites lives Interval Biozone (CC24) 4. Arkhangelskilla cymbiformis Interval Biozone (CC25) 5. Nephrolithus frequens Rang Biozone (CC26) Part These Biozones are correlated with other calcareous nannofossils biozones, from both local and regional sections, leading to conclude the age of CampanianMaastrichtian.","PeriodicalId":371191,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi National Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131040390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biostratigraphy Study of Planktonic Foraminifera in Shiranish Formation and its Contact with Aaliji Formation in Pulkana Well No. 7 North Iraq","authors":"Abdullah Al-Hadidi, Mohamed Ahmed","doi":"10.33899/earth.2019.170276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/earth.2019.170276","url":null,"abstract":"Planktonic Foraminifera is studied from Shiranish & Aaliji formations in Pulkana Well No. 7 North Iraq between the depth intervals (1948-2240) m, six biostratigraphy zones are recognized in the formation as arranged from bottom to top: 1. Globotruncanita stuarti–stuartiformis Partial Range Zone. 2. Globotruncana aegyptiaca Interval Zone. 3. Gansserina gansseri Total Rang Zone. 4. Morozovella angulata Partial Range Zone . 5. Globanomalina pseudomenardii Total Rang Zone . يديدحلا باهش ناطلس اللهدبع دمحا دومحم فوؤر دمحم ضرلأا مولع مسق / مولعلا ةيلك ةيقيبطتلا ايجولويجلا مسق / مولعلا ةيلك صوملا ةعماج ل عماج كوكرك ة Mohamed R. M. Ahmed Abdullah S. S. Al-Hadidi Department of Applied Geology Department of Geology College of Science/ Kirkuk University College of Science/ Mosul University يديدحلا باهش ناطلس اللهدبع و دمحا دومحم فوؤر دمحم 42 6. Morozovella velascoensis Partial Range Zone. The result of this study is compared with the work of others inside and outside Iraq, The age of the Shiranish Formation is Early Late Campanian to Earliest Maastrichtian whereas Aaliji Formation is Late Paleocene.","PeriodicalId":371191,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi National Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121883990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paleoecology and Statistical Study of Ostracoda, Fat'ha Formation (Middle Miocene) from Bazian Anticline, Al- Sulaymaniyah Area, Kurdistan Region, Iraq","authors":"Zahida Al-Hadithi, Nisreen M. Aziz","doi":"10.33899/earth.2019.170284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/earth.2019.170284","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":371191,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi National Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129029083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}