Jordan Journal for History and Archaeology最新文献_第2页

The Indian Community in Zanzibar 1804-1856: A Historical Study 1804-1856年桑给巴尔的印第安人社区:一个历史研究

Jordan Journal for History and Archaeology Pub Date : 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.35516/jjha.v17i2.651

Abdullah Alturki

{"title":"The Indian Community in Zanzibar 1804-1856: A Historical Study","authors":"Abdullah Alturki","doi":"10.35516/jjha.v17i2.651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjha.v17i2.651","url":null,"abstract":"This study sheds light on the Indian community that settled on the island of Zanzibar when it was part of the Sultanate of Oman, specifically between 1804 and 1856 under Sayyid Sa‘id bin Sultan al-Busa‘idi. Sayyid Sa‘id did his best to improve conditions for Indians in the sultanate, exempting them from all types of taxes and giving complete freedom to non-Muslim Indians to practice their religions. He some Indians to work for him personally, and they became his most trusted associates. He recruited them to finance-related positions, particularly as Arabs had not exhibited sufficient skill in this field. In the areas he held in East Africa, Busa‘idi entrusted customs administration to Hindus. Indian merchants acted as an intermediary in coastal trade between European and local merchants in Zanzibar, and they participated in the slave trade. They put their capital to work in various commercial enterprises, especially mortgages for Arab-owned properties. These Arabs did not have sufficient capital to fund their commercial activities, so they mortgaged many of their properties for loans from the capitalist Indian moneylenders. Because the Indians charged high interest rates for these mortgages, the Arabs became buried in debt. Much of their property was gradually transferred to the Indian merchants, who succeeded over time in gaining control of most commercial projects on the coast, surpassing their Arab counterparts. Many of them became extremely wealthy thanks to their outstanding ability to accumulate wealth and their skills in finance and accounting. The customs fees and their good command of Arabic and Swahili also helped.","PeriodicalId":370991,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal for History and Archaeology","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122817260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Trade in the Ports of Bushire, Khorramshahr, Bandar Abbas, Bahrain, Kuwait and Muscat in 1936 A Study Based on Frank Todd’s Report 1936年布什尔、霍拉姆沙赫尔、阿巴斯港、巴林、科威特和马斯喀特港口的贸易——基于弗兰克·托德报告的研究

Jordan Journal for History and Archaeology Pub Date : 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.35516/jjha.v17i2.1339

Thabet Ghazi Al Omari, Abdalmoiz Asri Bani Issa

引用次数: 0

Investigation of Paleolithic Localities in the Faid Area of Ha’il in Northwest Saudi Arabia 沙特阿拉伯西北部哈伊勒法伊德地区旧石器时代遗址的调查

Jordan Journal for History and Archaeology Pub Date : 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.35516/jjha.v17i2.259

A. Nassr, Ahmed Elhassan, Mohammed Al-Hajj, Ali Tueaiman, Naif Alshudukhi

{"title":"Investigation of Paleolithic Localities in the Faid Area of Ha’il in Northwest Saudi Arabia","authors":"A. Nassr, Ahmed Elhassan, Mohammed Al-Hajj, Ali Tueaiman, Naif Alshudukhi","doi":"10.35516/jjha.v17i2.259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjha.v17i2.259","url":null,"abstract":"The ongoing archaeological survey and excavations in the Faid area in northwest Saudi Arabia has uncovered remains of a large early Islamic settlement. Paleolithic artefacts discovered in the building foundations of that settlement during the 2019 excavation showed that a Paleolithic site was buried partially by the settlement ruins. An archaeological exploration was carried out in the area around the site in March 2020 that documented three Paleolithic sites (Faid 1 – Faid 3). In February 2021, the archaeological survey was extended to the east and west of the settlement, resulting in the discovery of four additional Paleolithic sites (Faid 4 – Faid 7). The archaeological sites represented two main Paleolithic traditions: Acheulean, identified from the presence of bifaces, and Middle Palaeolithic, represented by production of prepared cores and points referable to the Levallois method. Faid 2 is an Acheulean site, where a systematic survey shows agglomeration of large cutting tools (LCTs) covering an area of 15 hectares. Handaxes and cleavers are the most conspicuous artefacts. Thus, the locations of these archaeological sites and lithic technocomplexes have direct relevance in assessing hominin dispersal routes through Arabia to the rest of Eurasia.","PeriodicalId":370991,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal for History and Archaeology","volume":"48 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120856331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The Image of Sultan Abdul Hamid II in the Arabic Sources (A Study of his Policy towards the Constitutional Issue and the Palestinian Issue, 1876-1909) 苏丹阿卜杜勒·哈米德二世在阿拉伯史料中的形象(1876-1909年他对宪法问题和巴勒斯坦问题的政策研究)

Jordan Journal for History and Archaeology Pub Date : 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.35516/jjha.v17i2.1345

A. Saadeh, Mujahed Jamal Al-Tlohi

引用次数: 0

Therapeutic Methods Used by the Ancient Population of North Africa 北非古代人口使用的治疗方法

Jordan Journal for History and Archaeology Pub Date : 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.35516/jjha.v17i2.1336

Setti Sandouk

{"title":"Therapeutic Methods Used by the Ancient Population of North Africa","authors":"Setti Sandouk","doi":"10.35516/jjha.v17i2.1336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjha.v17i2.1336","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the healing practices that the ancient inhabitants of North Africa used. Those practices developed from many attempts and experiments going back to the prehistoric period that were derived from the natural environment in which people lived, where they had accumulated knowledge. Plants and herbs constituted the main source of medicine, which included wild plants such as silphium and cultivated plants such as vegetables and fruits, along with magical practices and rituals such as carrying amulets and talismans, reciting incantations, cauterizing, and using blessed soil and blood. The ancient population of North Africa attributed the cause of some diseases to the wrath of the gods and spirits. Patients were obliged to gain their sympathy and receive their blessing in order to regain their health, through some offerings and supplications. They form the basis of therapeutic prescriptions, promoted by the god of healing Eshmoun, who was brought by the Phoenicians to the ancient Maghreb, and parallels the Roman god Aesculapius, along with the goddess Hygia and the local Libyan god Macurgum. Mineral baths also played an important role in healing. Although the oldest evidence for the use of its hot mineral baths dates to the Roman period, that does not negate its use by the local population earlier. Stones and minerals, such as salt, vermilion stone, and hematite, along with sea sponges were also used to relieve health problems.","PeriodicalId":370991,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal for History and Archaeology","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134124065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Financial Management in the Period of the Emirate of East Jordan between 1926 and 1939 AD "Hashemite documents as a source" 1926 - 1939年东约旦酋长国时期的财务管理“以哈希姆文献为来源”

Jordan Journal for History and Archaeology Pub Date : 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.35516/jjha.v17i2.1344

Ehab Mohammad Ali Zaher

{"title":"Financial Management in the Period of the Emirate of East Jordan between 1926 and 1939 AD \"Hashemite documents as a source\"","authors":"Ehab Mohammad Ali Zaher","doi":"10.35516/jjha.v17i2.1344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjha.v17i2.1344","url":null,"abstract":"How finances were managed in the Emirate of Transjordan between 1926-1939 CE is an important detail in the building of state institutions in the Emirate. Through the collection and analysis of data reported in the Hashemite documents (the papers of King Abdullah bin Al Hussein), the article highlights the financial management of the Emirate of Transjordan and those working in financial management, by examining the administrative measures used in preparing the budget and monitoring expenditures and revenues and how they developed. The article examines the development projects that were supported by the state finances of the Emirate of Transjordan, in the fields of transportation, health, construction, agriculture, water, and energy, based on collecting historical material from documentary and contemporary sources and newspapers. The finances of the Emirate, supervised by the executive council, showed that expenditures and revenues increased with each new fiscal year, reflecting the development and growth of the Emirate of Transjordan after the 1920s, and the accompanying emergence of new expenditures and new sources of income","PeriodicalId":370991,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal for History and Archaeology","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134500154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Anglo-Dutch Rivalry over Trade in Persia during the Seventeenth Century 17世纪英荷在波斯贸易上的竞争

Jordan Journal for History and Archaeology Pub Date : 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.35516/jjha.v17i2.1346

Abd-Al Razzak Al-Maani, Mohammad Al Jazi, M. Al Maani

引用次数: 0

The Graves of Some British Military Officers/Soldiers and Civilians Buried in the British Cemetery in Sharjah 1932–1972 1932-1972年埋在沙迦英国公墓的一些英国军官/士兵和平民的坟墓

Jordan Journal for History and Archaeology Pub Date : 2023-02-28 DOI: 10.35516/jjha.v17i1.955

Saif Mohammed Bin Aboud Albedwawi

引用次数: 0

The Security Situation in Najd During the Twelfth Century AH / Eighteenth Century AD 公元12世纪/ 18世纪纳吉德的安全局势

Jordan Journal for History and Archaeology Pub Date : 2023-02-28 DOI: 10.35516/jjha.v17i1.960

M. Al-Otaibi

{"title":"The Security Situation in Najd During the Twelfth Century AH / Eighteenth Century AD","authors":"M. Al-Otaibi","doi":"10.35516/jjha.v17i1.960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjha.v17i1.960","url":null,"abstract":"Najdi society was formed of a mixture of the desert and settled areas, and despite their presence in the same area and their coexistence, the nature of each of them is different from the other, the Bedouin society used to constantly migrate in search of the resources and water that it needs in its life. Their lives were characterized by constant competition, frequent movement, and instability as a result of permanent conflicts in which the strong dominate the weak. Force remained the decisive factor in coexistence between the components of the local community in Najd. Several clashes and incidents arose between them, almost daily, which had a great impact on life there, and was a strong motive for the intervention of neighboring forces in its local affairs, in order to subjugate these tribes or secure trade routes and protect pilgrims. belonging to those forces. Najd was subjected to major campaigns by these two forces in the Hejaz and the eastern Arabian Peninsula, and these conflicts contributed to impeding the urban, economic and agricultural advancement through the large number of times when tribes interferred in the life of cities and villages, weakening or completely destroying them. This was followed by the emergence of the power of the first Saudi state in 1139 AH / 1727 AD as a political force, and the growth of its influence and dominance in the center of the Arabian Peninsula. The Saudi state, was able to restore the political balance in the region, and impose its prestige and presence on the internal forces in the region, and the forces surrounding it.","PeriodicalId":370991,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal for History and Archaeology","volume":"318 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115910508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Eurasian Trade of Coffee During the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries 17和18世纪欧亚咖啡贸易

Jordan Journal for History and Archaeology Pub Date : 2023-02-28 DOI: 10.35516/jjha.v17i1.962

Abd-Al Razzak Al-Maani

{"title":"Eurasian Trade of Coffee During the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries","authors":"Abd-Al Razzak Al-Maani","doi":"10.35516/jjha.v17i1.962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjha.v17i1.962","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the volume of the Eurasian trade in coffee exported to Europe, especially Yemeni coffee and the commercial developments that occurred in this commodity during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. This research indicates that the entry of such a strategic commodity as coffee into Eurasian trade, and the competition between European commercial companies, brought about a profound change in the nature of economic relations between the two continents. This was accompanied by an important shift in European political positions and interests towards Asia. The article tries as much as possible to draw a picture, even if an approximation, of the commercial operations that were taking place in order to export it abroad. The research touched on the currencies and weights of different nationalities – Portuguese, English, Dutch, and Indians – in circulation due to the commercial activity during the period under discussion. Some of its people and the people of the surrounding areas, including Arabs, Persians, Turks, and others, also carried out commercial activity in the area, and there is no doubt that all of them paid for the goods and merchandise they bought, which made the area teeming with different types of money.","PeriodicalId":370991,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal for History and Archaeology","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128726796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0