2022 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)最新文献_第8页

Micronutrient-Fortified Drinks: Commercial Products and Compelling opportunities 微量营养素强化饮料:商业产品和引人注目的机会

2022 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC) Pub Date : 2022-09-08 DOI: 10.1109/GHTC55712.2022.9910608

David Tauman, Philip Ho, Naakesh Gomanie, William Yaeger, Muzammil Jawed, Khanjan Mehta

{"title":"Micronutrient-Fortified Drinks: Commercial Products and Compelling opportunities","authors":"David Tauman, Philip Ho, Naakesh Gomanie, William Yaeger, Muzammil Jawed, Khanjan Mehta","doi":"10.1109/GHTC55712.2022.9910608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC55712.2022.9910608","url":null,"abstract":"Micronutrients are vitamins and minerals needed by the body in small amounts to produce enzymes and hormones necessary for normal development. Children and pregnant women in developing countries bear a disproportionate burden of micronutrient deficiencies that lead to severe and life-threatening conditions. Besides educating families about nutrition and consuming balanced diets from locally-available foods, food fortification and supplementation are necessary. The majority of fortified food products are solid foods and the literature on fortifying liquids is sparse. The growing popularity of energy drinks, carbonated beverages, and colorful flavored drinks presents new opportunities for fortified drink products. This article provides a narrative review of micronutrient-fortified drink products that are 1) commercially-available, and 2) under research and development (R&D). A total of three commercial products, all of which are sold in powdered form for the customer to dissolve in water, were studied. The commonly targeted micronutrients were vitamins A, B, C, iron, zinc, and calcium. The four R&D products identified through an exhausting literature search were all liquids, with a particular emphasis on delivering Vitamin A to children. The paper concludes with practical recommendations on socio-cultural, economic, and health considerations for social entrepreneurs seeking to introduce fortified drink products in emerging markets.","PeriodicalId":370986,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130384127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Deep learning-based models combined with different optimization methods for the automatic diagnosis of melanoma skin cancer 基于深度学习的模型结合不同优化方法用于黑色素瘤皮肤癌的自动诊断

2022 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC) Pub Date : 2022-09-08 DOI: 10.1109/GHTC55712.2022.9911046

Radhika Goyal

{"title":"Deep learning-based models combined with different optimization methods for the automatic diagnosis of melanoma skin cancer","authors":"Radhika Goyal","doi":"10.1109/GHTC55712.2022.9911046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC55712.2022.9911046","url":null,"abstract":"Melanoma is one of the deadliest forms of skin cancer. Early diagnosis and treatment of this disease can significantly improve the chances of survival. Differentiating between a malignant (cancerous) and benign (non-cancerous) skin mole is a time-consuming task for humans, therefore necessitating an automatic classification system. Our work aims to build the most accurate system to classify skin mole images in an existing image dataset. First, we used data augmentation methods to increase the number of images. Then, we built four different deep learning-based models to classify these images into malignant and benign categories. Our first model is a trained from scratch convolutional neural network (CNN) with batch normalization added to improve the classification accuracy. The other three models use VGG19, ResNet50, and InceptionV3 models as the base for transfer learning with modifications in the last layers. We also incorporated three different optimization methods – Adam, Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD), and RMSprop in the architecture of the four models to find the most accurate system. We found that our CNN model with the SGD optimizer resulted in the highest accuracy, followed by our CNN with the Adam optimizer.","PeriodicalId":370986,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130933710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Narrative Review of Demand Generation Strategies For Family Planning in Low-and Middle-Income Countries 低收入和中等收入国家计划生育需求产生战略述评

2022 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC) Pub Date : 2022-09-08 DOI: 10.1109/GHTC55712.2022.9911034

M. Rivera, K. Miller, Naakesh Gomanie, Khanjan Mehta

{"title":"A Narrative Review of Demand Generation Strategies For Family Planning in Low-and Middle-Income Countries","authors":"M. Rivera, K. Miller, Naakesh Gomanie, Khanjan Mehta","doi":"10.1109/GHTC55712.2022.9911034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC55712.2022.9911034","url":null,"abstract":"In low-and middle-income countries LMICs, unmet need for sexual and reproductive health (SRH) and family planning (FP) contributes directly to many unwanted or unintended pregnancies and unsafe abortion. In turn, women and children experienced increased health problems, mortality, and socioeconomic challenges. Modern distribution programs have mitigated access and affordability issues, leaving psychosocial and sociocultural factors as the most prominent reasons for contraceptive nonuse among sexually active, non-married women. Successful interventions, therefore, aim to educate women about sexual health to address gaps in knowledge, myths, and misconceptions that drive nonuse. To identify specific strategies that create demand this way, a thorough search of relevant primary literature and supplemental secondary literature was conducted, followed by a qualitative analysis. For demand creation programs in LMICs, the following were identified as distinct yet interrelated components with unique strategies: mass media, social media, counseling and education, community outreach, and social marketing. Most successful or larger-scale interventions utilized a combination of these strategies, especially focusing on community involvement to ensure self-sustainability and extension into rural locales. The findings of the literature were then synthesized to generate theories, inferences, and frameworks regarding the effective use of demand-creation strategies, pointing out gaps in the data and analytical limitations.","PeriodicalId":370986,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"153 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134091534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The repurposing of nickel metal hydride hybrid electric vehicle batteries for solar energy storage applications in rural Pacific Island communities 镍金属氢化物混合动力汽车电池在太平洋农村岛屿社区太阳能存储应用的再利用

2022 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC) Pub Date : 2022-09-08 DOI: 10.1109/GHTC55712.2022.9911006

Brandon Kim Simons, Pritpal Singh, Iain Hunt, J. Ermilio

{"title":"The repurposing of nickel metal hydride hybrid electric vehicle batteries for solar energy storage applications in rural Pacific Island communities","authors":"Brandon Kim Simons, Pritpal Singh, Iain Hunt, J. Ermilio","doi":"10.1109/GHTC55712.2022.9911006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC55712.2022.9911006","url":null,"abstract":"With the transportation sector taking a significant proportion of global emissions, the production of hybrid electric vehicles has been increasing. These vehicles have begun to penetrate emerging economies that do not have battery recycling programs seen in developed economies. In Fiji, there are an estimated 15,000 spent Toyota Prius nickel metal hydride batteries in landfills that have a substantial environmental footprint that can be repurposed for off-grid rural solar applications. Using a sample of 62 used Prius modules, constant current tests were performed to characterize the modules and were sorted to develop packs suitable to deliver one day of the World Bank’s Tier 2 electricity access. The packs can deliver the daily required 15.4Ah of power for rural households in Fiji and maintained Coulombic efficiencies between 85-95 percent. To pilot these systems, algorithms for a solar charge controller need to be developed using parameters determined in this study. Additionally, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements should be made to create relationships between impedance, capacity, and state of health that will reduce the testing time to characterize modules. Utilizing these methodologies, a product life extension model can be implemented to reduce the batteries’ environmental impact while providing cost-effective rural energy access.","PeriodicalId":370986,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115264755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Use of Voluntary Cough Sounds and Deep Learning for Pulmonary Disease Screening in Low-Resource Areas 在资源匮乏地区使用自主咳嗽声和深度学习进行肺部疾病筛查

2022 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC) Pub Date : 2022-09-08 DOI: 10.1109/GHTC55712.2022.9911027

Ashley Mo, Emma Gui, R. Fletcher

{"title":"Use of Voluntary Cough Sounds and Deep Learning for Pulmonary Disease Screening in Low-Resource Areas","authors":"Ashley Mo, Emma Gui, R. Fletcher","doi":"10.1109/GHTC55712.2022.9911027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC55712.2022.9911027","url":null,"abstract":"In low-resource areas, pulmonary diseases are often misdiagnosed or underdiagnosed due to a lack of trained clinical staff and diagnostic lab equipment (e.g. spirometry, DLCO). In these settings, traditional methods of pulmonary disease screening often include a lengthy questionnaire (>30 questions) and stethoscope auscultation. Unfortunately, such tools are not appropriate for general practitioner (GP) doctors or community health workers who have little time or experience diagnosing pulmonary disease. We propose a computer-based deep learning algorithm that could enable rapid screening of the most common pulmonary diseases (COPD, Asthma, and respiratory infection (COVID-19)) using voluntary cough sounds alone. Using a dataset of 348 cough recordings, raw cough recordings were segmented into individual coughs and converted to Mel Spectrogram images. We trained two types of models for comparison, binary and multi-class, using transfer learning with VGG19. The resulting Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves and the Area Under Curve (AUC) accuracy for each model was calculated to evaluate performance. Binary AUC accuracies were 0.73, 0.70, 0.87, and 0.70 for healthy, asthma, COPD, and COVID-19 respectively, while multi-class AUC accuracies were 0.78, 0.67, 0.95, 0.70. This demonstrates good potential for creating a simple low-cost screening tool that is fast to administer. Future versions of the model will use ongoing data collection to expand to more diseases including tuberculosis and pneumonia.","PeriodicalId":370986,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131309039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The Cybersecurity Packet Control Simulator: CSPCS 网络安全数据包控制模拟器:CSPCS

2022 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC) Pub Date : 2022-09-08 DOI: 10.1109/GHTC55712.2022.9911042

Neil Loftus, Cameron Green, Husnu S. Narman

引用次数: 1

Modular Methods for Oyster Mushroom Cultivation in Low-Resource Settings 低资源环境下平菇培养的模块化方法

2022 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC) Pub Date : 2022-09-08 DOI: 10.1109/GHTC55712.2022.9911008

William Yaeger, Muzammil Jawed, David Tauman, Philip Ho, Asgar Ali, Naakesh Gomanie, Khanjan Mehta

{"title":"Modular Methods for Oyster Mushroom Cultivation in Low-Resource Settings","authors":"William Yaeger, Muzammil Jawed, David Tauman, Philip Ho, Asgar Ali, Naakesh Gomanie, Khanjan Mehta","doi":"10.1109/GHTC55712.2022.9911008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC55712.2022.9911008","url":null,"abstract":"Food insecurity is a grave issue faced by millions of people across the globe and is growing in severity as a result of climate-related stressors on agricultural systems. Mushroom production, an agricultural approach that is profitable and scalable due to its low input requirements, short turnaround times, year-round viability, and utilization of agricultural byproducts, holds significant potential in contributing to food security. However, commercial mushroom production is difficult to pursue in low-resource settings due to a lack of capital and unreliable electricity access. After four years of research and experimentation in rural Sierra Leone, our team has developed a low-cost, low-tech, and reliable approach for commercial mushroom production. This article presents our highly modular process for spawn propagation, substrate pasteurization, inoculation, and harvest that allows entrepreneurs to build profitable and scalable production facilities. This standardized approach consistently yields 50% of the mass of inputted cereal straw substrate in fresh mushrooms 28 days after inoculation, which indicates its promise as a cost-effective and reliable method for contributing to food security in Sierra Leone and similar low-resource settings.","PeriodicalId":370986,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114628480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Extraction of Reliable and Actionable Information from Social Media During Emergencies 在紧急情况下从社交媒体中提取可靠和可操作的信息

2022 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC) Pub Date : 2022-09-08 DOI: 10.1109/GHTC55712.2022.9910997

Mohammadbagher Fotouhi, Haixun Wang, P. Arabshahi, Wei Cheng

引用次数: 0

Slums in Smart Cities - Rethink the Standard 智慧城市中的贫民窟——重新思考标准

2022 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC) Pub Date : 2022-09-08 DOI: 10.1109/GHTC55712.2022.9911052

John Friesen, Martin Pietsch

引用次数: 0

Ageism and Its Impact on Information and Communications Technology Usage and Design 年龄歧视及其对信息和通信技术使用和设计的影响

2022 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC) Pub Date : 2022-09-08 DOI: 10.1109/GHTC55712.2022.9911051

Kim Thu Nguyen

引用次数: 0