Journal of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Hydrocarbon Contamination on the Microbial Diversity of Freshwater Sediments Within Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria","authors":"M. Uko, I. Udotong, U. Ofon, S. Umana, N. Abraham","doi":"10.11648/J.JCEBE.20200402.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.JCEBE.20200402.11","url":null,"abstract":"A microbial composition study of sediments of contaminated (CWS) and uncontaminated (UWS) lentic ecosystems within Akwa Ibom State was carried out by analyzing the small-subunit rRNA genes to determine the effect of hydrocarbon contamination on its microbial composition and diversity. Analysis of the V4 region of the community DNA from both sediments revealed the presence of bacteria, archaea and microalgae. Bacterial sequences outnumbered archaea and microalgae. Abundance of Proteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Burholderiales, Alcaligenaceae, and Achrombacter were observed in the CWS and Actinobacteria, Actinomycetales, Bacillaceae, and Bacillus in the UWS. Crenarchaeota and Euryarchaeota were also observed to be present in both sediments. The genus Achromobacter and Bacillus dominated in the CWS and UWS, respectively. Uncultured bacterium with the accession number DQ404672.1 and AY917600.1 led at the species levels. Achromobacter sp.-AM232721.1 outnumbered the other species in the CWS such as Kitasatospora sp.-AF131379.1, Mycobacterium celatum-AF547908.1, Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae-NR_043008.1, Cystobacter fuscus-M94276.1, Planosporangium flavigriseum-NR_042508.1, etc. In the UWS, the dominant species was Bacillus sp.-AJ316313.1. Microalgae, Chlorella sp. and Chlorella vulgaris were also detected in both ecosystems. Diverse and distinct diversity of bacteria, archaea and microalgae are present in the sediments and only a few of them have cultured counterpart. The variation in the microbial communities from the two sites has revealed the impact of contaminants especially hydrocarbons on the microbial diversity in lentic ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":370720,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering","volume":"16 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120913979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological Efficiency of Restoration of Worn Technical Products","authors":"N. Boris, Melnikov Eduard, P. Anastasiia","doi":"10.11648/J.JCEBE.20190302.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.JCEBE.20190302.13","url":null,"abstract":"In the world no more than 0.1-0.5% of over 10% of complex technical products are removed from circulation (written off) annually due to the weight wear of machine parts. Financial, energy, labour, material and natural resources spent on their production are used by less than 1%. General environmental pollution, obtained in the manufacture of these products, exceeds their weight by 100-150 times. To compensate the wear of used technical products during restoration, the material of not more than 1% of their weight is required. Energy, labour, financial and other costs, as well as the amount of technological work (taking into account the extraction of natural resources) are ten times less as compared with their production from primary material. Therefore, environmental pollution is also less by one or two orders of magnitude. Renovation of used products instead of manufacturing the same new ones allows: 1. To save over 95% of energy, labour, material and non-renewable natural resources previously spent on them. 2. To increase multiply the service life of products while maintaining their nominal parameters. 3. To reduce environmental pollution manifold. Renovative technologies do not require significant investments, since they are almost indistinguishable from traditional industrial processing methods and can be implemented on existing, often unloaded, production facilities. The renovation cost does not exceed 30% of a new product cost. This is the most effective technical, economic and ecological concept of preserving environment today, which is persistently ignored at the production and technical, national, educational, domestic and even scientific level. Utilization of used technical products, which has high environmental expectations, requires additional natural, and in the first place, energy resources, and it is accompanied by a loss of materials up to 60%. Taking into account the annual write-off of more than 10% of the production of various complex technical products (cars - up to 20%, disposable items – up to 100%), mass renovation will reduce world extraction of natural non-renewable resources by over 10% and further overall environmental pollution will also be reduced. High ecological, technical and economic efficiency of renovation is so obvious and relevant, that it deserves the priority development of national and international resource-saving programs for renovation of technical products in terms of integrated development and conservation of the Earth interior.","PeriodicalId":370720,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126717649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}