Court Historian最新文献

{"title":"Restoring Henrietta Maria’s English Household in the 1660s: Continuity, Kinship and Clientage","authors":"E. Griffey","doi":"10.1080/14629712.2021.1971379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14629712.2021.1971379","url":null,"abstract":"After over fifteen years exile in France, Henrietta Maria returned to England in 1660 upon the restoration of Charles II. She spent two periods in England in the 1660s before her death in 1669 at her château in France. The English Crown fulfilled its obligations to the Queen Mother by restoring the income from her jointure estates, providing a generous pension and re-establishing her household. This article provides the first overview of Henrietta Maria’s household in the 1660s using her Treasurer’s accounts extant in the Duchy of Cornwall Office and the National Archives. Recording her officers and servants of the chamber, household, chapel and revenue as well as pensioners, these accounts reveal remarkable continuity — and some changes — with her households as Bourbon princess and Stuart queen. Service to Henrietta Maria crossed time and place, France and England, linking families and bolstering social and financial prospects.","PeriodicalId":37034,"journal":{"name":"Court Historian","volume":"26 1","pages":"189 - 209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47623831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond the Court: (Homo)sexuality and Aristocratic Culture","authors":"Felice Lifshitz","doi":"10.1080/14629712.2021.1996960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14629712.2021.1996960","url":null,"abstract":"T his thought-provoking collection of essays, most of which are both empirically grounded and theoretically sophisticated, grapples productively with the methodological challenges involved in trying to understand historical phenomena that predate the invention and elaboration of the concept of (homo)sexuality in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The collection should particularly interest those who work on the German-speaking world, and who can read German, but note that six contributions (primarily dealing with England, but also with China and the Islamicate world) are written in English. Although the collection fails to make good on its inflated (back cover blurb) claim that the court is ‘kaum denkbar’ (hardly conceivable) without the figures of the homosexual courtier or the homosexual monarch, Homosexualität am Hof certainly adds up to a compelling argument that homosexuality, like gender (in Joan Scott’s classic formulation) and age (as demonstrated in a more recent AHR roundtable), is ‘a useful category of historical analysis’, and that homosexuality — as both discourse and practice — has long been a feature of aristocratic culture (including at court) in much of Western and Central Europe. Dominic Janes suggests that Princess Diana’s open embrace of homosexuals explicitly revealed to the world an already centuries-old truth: the English royal court was a locale of sexual diversity, among courtiers and monarchs alike. Charlotte Backerra demonstrates that Habsburg Emperor Charles VI’s (–) emotional and physical ‘life partner’ (based on his own diary entries) was a male courtier, and that this relationship was considered unremarkable by contemporaries, in so far as it had no problematic dynastic or political consequences. Heide Wunder and Julie Peakman (in a contribution focused more generally on the nobility of seventeenthand eighteenth-century England than on the royal court per se) raise this point to the level of a general rule for German and English courts respectively: as long as early modern lay princes fulfilled their dynastic and political obligations, any additional sexual escapades (heteroor homosexual) were considered of minor importance. Wolfgang Burgdorf goes even further, discussing how Frederick II of Prussia (–) — who did not even try to continue the dynasty through procreation — successfully compensated with","PeriodicalId":37034,"journal":{"name":"Court Historian","volume":"26 1","pages":"265 - 268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48589234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Habsburg Women of Power: Mariana of Austria","authors":"B. A. Raviola","doi":"10.1080/14629712.2021.1996959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14629712.2021.1996959","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37034,"journal":{"name":"Court Historian","volume":"26 1","pages":"261 - 264"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44710450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"King of the World?","authors":"J. Farr","doi":"10.1080/14629712.2021.1996966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14629712.2021.1996966","url":null,"abstract":"S cholarship on Louis XIV is, and has been for years, massive in volume and scope. Mansel enters the field, not to openly engage with the historiography (although his bibliography shows he is well-versed in it), but to present the life of a king who was, in Mansel’s estimation, a ‘collection of contradictions’ (p. ) and to remind us that the absolutism that Louis is so often associated with was largely a façade behind which lurked forces that that rendered the monarchy itself a fragile institution and the safety of the person of the King perilous. On the one hand, Louis projected power through awe-inspiring building, above all Versailles, and terror through nearly constant warfare fought by his enormous army. But behind this show was a fundamental weakness, where ministers and courtiers jostled for influence with a surprisingly malleable king who tried to project the image that he directed all affairs by himself but was, in fact, so craven for flattery that his judgement was often skewed by it and resulted in inconsistent directives. For Mansel, Louis’s character, despite a ‘stupendous vitality’ (p. ) and dedication to hard work, was deeply marred by a lack of judgement that, along with his love of war, would bring France to the precipice of ruin by the end of his reign. By the age of forty, blinded by flattery, and intoxicated by the myth of absolutism and delusions of power, traits of ‘narcissism, tactlessness, lack of realism and failure to foresee consequences had become characteristics of the man’ (p. ). At the age of five Louis became king of a France that was far from stable, and he inherited a ‘monarchy on a knife-edge’ (p. ), haunted by recent revolts and assassinations. The royal family was a ‘nest of vipers’ (p. ); the great nobles behaved as if they were not the King’s subjects and provincial governors acted as independent rulers. At the death of Louis XIII in , his widow Anne of Austria feared a coup by followers of Gaston, the dead king’s brother, and the First Prince of the Blood, Condé. It was not just over-mighty subjects that threatened the monarchy, so did cities (above all Paris) and royal courts, notably the Parlement of Paris. Of course, this all came to a head in the Fronde, but a royal victory masked the fragility of the King’s power and it was only division among leaders of the opposition that preserved royal power. Cardinal Mazarin’s self-enrichment reveals another aspect of the fragility of the French monarchy that would haunt it throughout Louis’s reign — finances. Mazarin’s fortune was immense —  million livres — as he profited from government loans and tax farms. So did Nicholas Fouquet, who planned for his own private fleet of ships to monopolise France’s trade with America. Mansel points out that he ultimately aimed to ‘control and","PeriodicalId":37034,"journal":{"name":"Court Historian","volume":"26 1","pages":"273 - 276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44241446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The King of Portugal’s Library: A Story of Bibliophilia and Destruction","authors":"C. Sebag-Montefiore","doi":"10.1080/14629712.2021.1996961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14629712.2021.1996961","url":null,"abstract":"T he traditional enemies of books are fire, water, heat, neglect, bookworms, ignorance and bigotry. Fire is perhaps the most terrifying: examples include that at Ashburnham House in , which consumed or damaged around a quarter of the manuscripts in the Cottonian Library, and the bombardment of Strasbourg in the FrancoPrussian War of , which destroyed the entire city library, with its medieval manuscripts and early Renaissance books. Few libraries are known to have been destroyed by earthquake, but this was the fate of the library assembled over some forty years by Dom João V (– ), king of Portugal. This is the first attempt to evaluate its significance for Portugal and to place the library in the context of the European Enlightenment during the first half of the eighteenth century. Angela Delaforce is the ideal author to tell the story of the library, its creation and contents. A member of a well-known Anglo-Portuguese family— the eponymous port house was established in  — she studied at the Victoria and Albert Museum as well as the Courtauld Institute of Art, and is the author of Art and Patronage in Eighteenth-Century Portugal () and other relevant books. All lovers of libraries, the history of collecting and AngloPortuguese history will be fascinated by this pioneering study. Known as the Portuguese Sun King, João V ruled for almost all the first half of the eighteenth century. This was when the country’s wealth and prosperity rose to new heights, fuelled by imports of gold, silver and diamonds from Portugal’s colony of Brazil. The royal treasury received its share from the so-called royal fifth (or quinto del rey), a tax that conferred on the monarch % of all gold, silver and other commodities acquired by the Portuguese, whether as booty from war or through extraction from mining. The King was thus able to spend lavishly on ambitious architectural projects, such as the palace at Mafra, and on creating an art collection and a library worthy of a king. The author describes how João V conceived the Royal Library as a library-museum containing manuscripts, rare editions of books, maps, a cabinet of prints and drawings, complemented by a cabinet of natural history, a collection of scientific instruments, medals and clocks. As a yardstick of comparison, the original British royal library comprised about , printed books and some , illuminated manuscripts (including the fifth-century Greek Uncial Codex Alexandrinus, the Westminster Psalter of c. and King Henry VIII’s","PeriodicalId":37034,"journal":{"name":"Court Historian","volume":"26 1","pages":"269 - 272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47720326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"1651: The Last Coronation in Scotland — An Anomaly?","authors":"G. W. Gross","doi":"10.1080/14629712.2021.1996947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14629712.2021.1996947","url":null,"abstract":"The last Scottish coronation occurred at Scone in 1651. Charles II’s Scottish coronation has either been completely forgotten or become the subject of distorted interpretations. It has long been suggested that this coronation was a hastily arranged affair, lacking sacredness without an anointing and involving little pomp, and thus minimal cost — almost humiliating, according to one modern view. Furthermore, historians have argued that Charles both resented this ceremony and could barely have found anything joyful in it. Yet Clarendon commented that it ‘passed with great solemnity and magnificence, all men making show of joy, and being united to serve his majesty’. How can one reconcile these positions? Why has this coronation been so neglected? In many respects, it was superseded by immediate events (Charles II’s disastrous military campaign and exile) and then overshadowed at the Restoration (and by the 1661 Westminster Abbey coronation). Nevertheless, 1651 remains of tremendous significance because it was paradoxically both usual and unusual and carried implications for the other kingdoms of the British Isles and their religious systems, not just for Scotland. With the addition of financial archival material unused by previous scholars, this article adopts a fresh approach that challenges the received historiography: by seriously addressing the question of disparity, it identifies what really was anomalous and what, in fact, was far from untypical or surprising.","PeriodicalId":37034,"journal":{"name":"Court Historian","volume":"26 1","pages":"229 - 245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49547110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Reception of John Sigismund Szapolyai in Hungarian and Ottoman Chronicles","authors":"Kutse Altin","doi":"10.1080/14629712.2021.1945332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14629712.2021.1945332","url":null,"abstract":"This article reconstructs the diplomatic ceremonies that took place at the meeting of John Sigismund Szapolyai, elected king of Hungary and prince of Transylvania, and Suleiman the Magnificent during the Sultan’s last campaign in 1566, by using Ottoman and Hungarian chronicles of the period. The chronicles, which convey the observations of those who witnessed the Szigetvár campaign and the meeting held in Zimony, present an opportunity to explore in detail the diplomatic practices of both the Ottomans and the Hungarians and how such practices were perceived by the Hungarian participants. The article also considers the political status of Transylvania and the Ottoman imperial ideology and hegemonic position in the context of these practices.","PeriodicalId":37034,"journal":{"name":"Court Historian","volume":"26 1","pages":"144 - 157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14629712.2021.1945332","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42235932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elizabeth Wentworth, Countess of Strafford, and her Role in the Vice-Regal Household in Ireland","authors":"Fiona Pogson","doi":"10.1080/14629712.2021.1945316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14629712.2021.1945316","url":null,"abstract":"One of the early Stuart vicereines of Ireland, Elizabeth Wentworth, countess of Strafford, contributed significantly to the expression of vice-regal honour during her husband’s deputyship. This article draws attention firstly to her work in establishing and maintaining the household of the lord deputy, or viceroy, including her responsibilities in caring for stepchildren and her fulfilment of charitable duties. Secondly, it discusses the ways in which she was presented to others on public occasions. It argues that these interactions were guided in part by Lord Deputy Wentworth’s understanding of older conventions governing the conduct of the governor’s wife, but also influenced by the more recent significance attached to the role of the queen-consort, underlined by the appearance of a portrait of Henrietta Maria in Dublin Castle and its role in Wentworth’s inauguration ceremony.","PeriodicalId":37034,"journal":{"name":"Court Historian","volume":"26 1","pages":"175 - 188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14629712.2021.1945316","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46329318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Very Pleased and Very Amazed with the Grandness and Royalness of this House of Aveiro’: The Wedding of the Duke and Duchess of Torres Novas (Setúbal, 1618)","authors":"Cristóvão Mata","doi":"10.1080/14629712.2021.1945286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14629712.2021.1945286","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the marriage of Jorge de Lencastre and Ana Doria Colona, the first duke and duchess of Torres Novas, by focusing on its context, negotiations and celebration. It recalls the family strategy of the duke and duchess of Aveiro to contextualize the matrimony that their firstborn son celebrated in the early seventeenth century. It also examines the negotiations leading up to this union to enquire whether the Crown intervened in this border-crossing marriage and to identify the benefits it produced for the House of Aveiro. The article pays attention to the ceremonial dimension of the event through a close analysis of a manuscript description of the festivities. In approaching the marriage from those perspectives, the intention is to evaluate the several layers of meaning for this marriage celebrated at a time when Portugal was incorporated into the Hispanic monarchy. Aside from its dynastic and material significance, the article discusses the political and identity discourses performed in the wedding celebrations and reproduced in the written report. Despite being short-lived, the marriage (and its related festivities) did achieve multiple goals, from serving the interests of the Habsburgs and earning valuable benefits in return for the family, to evoking the ‘grandness and royalness’ of the House of Aveiro.","PeriodicalId":37034,"journal":{"name":"Court Historian","volume":"26 1","pages":"158 - 174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14629712.2021.1945286","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49193551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fit for a Queen: The Material and Visual Culture of Maria Clementina Sobieska, Jacobite Queen in Exile","authors":"Georgia Vullinghs","doi":"10.1080/14629712.2021.1945325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14629712.2021.1945325","url":null,"abstract":"Tracing its manifestation across three phases in her biography — marriage, separation and funeral — this article considers the image of Maria Clementina Sobieska (1702–35). Examining the objects and portraits which surrounded Clementina’s life and death offers a new historiography for the Jacobite queen in exile. It reinstates her place not only in Stuart and Jacobite history, but in the history of early modern European monarchy and queenship. Supported by documentary sources in the Stuart Papers at Windsor, it will be argued that the Stuart court in exile, their supporters and, importantly, Clementina herself, successfully fashioned for the Stuart consort an image which identified her as an early modern queen. Doing so supported the status of her marital dynasty as exiled royals. However, her image was not singular and it could be manipulated to meet the needs of personal and political agendas, beyond explicitly Jacobite ones.","PeriodicalId":37034,"journal":{"name":"Court Historian","volume":"26 1","pages":"123 - 143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14629712.2021.1945325","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41852129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}