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The Oxford Handbook of Spanish Politics最新文献

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The Quality of Democracy 民主的品质
The Oxford Handbook of Spanish Politics Pub Date : 2020-02-17 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198826934.013.18
J. Font
{"title":"The Quality of Democracy","authors":"J. Font","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198826934.013.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198826934.013.18","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses the quality of Spanish democracy. Lacking a widely accepted definition of the concept of the quality of democracy, it reviews three types of evidence: the existing comparative measurements, citizens’ own definitions of democracy, and a normative definition of the concept, according to which the quality of democracy is different from democracy itself and consists of two main components: voice and political equality. Using different types of evidence from the national, regional, and local government levels, and from the institutional and civil society sides, the performance and trade-offs between these two components are examined. The effect of participatory institutions and of the Great Recession on the quality of democracy is reviewed. The chapter makes clear that the choice of different definitions of the concept leads to quite diverse assessments of its situation.","PeriodicalId":369924,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Spanish Politics","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114885211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Security and Defence Policy 安全及国防政策
The Oxford Handbook of Spanish Politics Pub Date : 2020-02-17 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198826934.013.40
Félix Arteaga
{"title":"Security and Defence Policy","authors":"Félix Arteaga","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198826934.013.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198826934.013.40","url":null,"abstract":"The focus of Spain’s security and defence policy evolved from the national to the international stage after the country’s transition to democracy, when Spain joined a number of multilateral security organizations and Spanish troops contributed to international post-Cold War missions. The enlargement of the concept of security incorporated new actors and dimensions into a defence policy that became one of ‘security and defence’ and later a policy of ‘national security’. The changes have transformed the scope of the security and defence policy and the dispositions of the armed forces, but their adaptation to the changing strategic context is conditioned by structural factors such as the strategic culture, military spending, and the defence sector’s industrial and technological base. These factors are essential to understanding change and continuity in the security and defence policy of Spain.","PeriodicalId":369924,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Spanish Politics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125407734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Social Movements 社会运动
The Oxford Handbook of Spanish Politics Pub Date : 2020-02-17 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198826934.013.28
Eduardo Romanos
{"title":"Social Movements","authors":"Eduardo Romanos","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198826934.013.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198826934.013.28","url":null,"abstract":"According to cross-national surveys, Spaniards are among the Europeans who participate the most in street protests. At the same time, Spanish social movements have been generally understood as deploying a less radical protest repertoire and a relatively weak organizational model. Building upon central concepts in social movement studies, this chapter analyses these and other features of the Spanish activist tradition as compared to other Western countries. An especial attention is paid to the strongest protest cycles in Spanish recent history: the years of the democratic transition and the Great Recession. In doing so, this chapter aims to address the long-term effects of regime transition on domestic collective action and organized protest.","PeriodicalId":369924,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Spanish Politics","volume":"237 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116880198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Spanish Democratization 西班牙的民主化
The Oxford Handbook of Spanish Politics Pub Date : 2020-02-17 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198826934.013.3
Ignacio Sánchez-Cuenca
{"title":"Spanish Democratization","authors":"Ignacio Sánchez-Cuenca","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198826934.013.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198826934.013.3","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter offers an analysis of the Spanish transition to democracy that does not fit in the typologies that have been used in the literature on democratization. Rather than trying to summarize the whole process in a single cell of a typological scheme, a sharp distinction is made between the political dynamics of the initial period of the transition (1975–77), up to the holding of the first elections, and of the posterior period of building and consolidating democracy (1977–78). Whereas the first period is characterized by pressure from below and reforms from above, with full control of the reform process by the Francoist elites, the second period corresponds to consensual politics and encompassing agreements. The consolidation of democracy and the legacy of the transition are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":369924,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Spanish Politics","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127272111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Multilevel Governance in Spain 西班牙的多层次治理
The Oxford Handbook of Spanish Politics Pub Date : 2020-02-17 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198826934.013.14
I. Jurado, Sandra León
{"title":"Multilevel Governance in Spain","authors":"I. Jurado, Sandra León","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198826934.013.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198826934.013.14","url":null,"abstract":"Multilevel governance challenges some of the essential mechanisms that make democratic accountability work. On the one hand, citizens may struggle to assign responsibility for policy outcomes when powers are fragmented between different levels of government. On the other hand, in light of this institutional complexity, citizens may resort more frequently to their cognitive biases—such as partisanship—to assign credit and blame for policy outcomes. This chapter delves into the accountability challenges of multilevel governance in Spain. It explores the level of knowledge of Spanish citizens about who is responsible for what, and the variation over time and across regions of the assignment of responsibility for policy outcomes to different levels of government. We also analyse the biases in the attribution of responsibility, as well as the preferences about multilevel governance in Spain.","PeriodicalId":369924,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Spanish Politics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129078363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Education Policy 教育政策
The Oxford Handbook of Spanish Politics Pub Date : 2020-02-17 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198826934.013.36
H. Cebolla-Boado
{"title":"Education Policy","authors":"H. Cebolla-Boado","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198826934.013.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198826934.013.36","url":null,"abstract":"In the European context, Spain is a late modernizer, which experienced a delayed educational expansion. However, after 1970, and especially after the restoration of democracy in 1978, the Spanish education system completed its expansion and modernized significantly, converging with its neighbours on most outcomes related to the quality of education. Notwithstanding remarkable levels of stability of institutional design and framework policies, it is widely believed that education in Spain is subject to constant political reforms. This is partly explained by the frequent use of education in political and electoral debates, and, particularly, by the overrepresentation in public debates of a limited repertoire of normative and organizational aspects of educational policies. While the current education system in Spain has achieved a high level of quality combined with low levels of educational inequality by social background when compared with other developed countries, there are secular problems that need to be addressed, particularly the reform of teacher selection, training programmes, and careers; modernization of school curricula; adaptation of pedagogical innovations; rationalization of retakes; and diversification of tracks to offer less successful students an alternative and prevent early dropout. This chapter describes this transformation and problematizes key educational reforms in Spain, focusing on the democratic period, using different international datasets including PISA (OECD, several years), PIACC (OECD 2016), TIMSS, and PIRLS (IEA, several years), the European Social Survey as well as several national sources of data including the Spanish General Social Survey (CIS 2013) and the Labour Force Survey (several years).","PeriodicalId":369924,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Spanish Politics","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134232040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Parties and Party Systems 政党和政党制度
The Oxford Handbook of Spanish Politics Pub Date : 2020-02-17 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198826934.013.20
Mónica Méndez Lago
{"title":"Parties and Party Systems","authors":"Mónica Méndez Lago","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198826934.013.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198826934.013.20","url":null,"abstract":"Using the most relevant indicators highlighted by the literature on party systems, such as the indexes of volatility, fragmentation, and ideological polarization in the electoral–parliamentary arena, this chapter analyses the development of the Spanish party system since the transition to democracy. It focuses on the different stages of its development, marked by the two main transformations it has experienced: the first in the 1982 elections with the collapse of the incumbent party, and, after a long phase of stability, the second transformation in 2014/15 with the emergence of two new national parties onto the electoral and parliamentary arena. One of the key questions the chapter addresses is why a party system that had remained quite stable for more than three decades since 1982, preventing newcomers from coming in, finally gave way to a transformation in the mid-2010s.","PeriodicalId":369924,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Spanish Politics","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126588947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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