Diego Manzanas Lopez, Taylor T. Johnson, Stanley Bak, Hoang-Dung Tran, Kerianne L. Hobbs
{"title":"Evaluation of Neural Network Verification Methods for Air-to-Air Collision Avoidance","authors":"Diego Manzanas Lopez, Taylor T. Johnson, Stanley Bak, Hoang-Dung Tran, Kerianne L. Hobbs","doi":"10.2514/1.d0255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.d0255","url":null,"abstract":"Neural network approximations have become attractive to compress data for automation and autonomy algorithms for use on storage-limited and processing-limited aerospace hardware. However, unless these neural network approximations can be exhaustively verified to be safe, they cannot be certified for use on aircraft. An example of such systems is the unmanned Airbone Collision Avoidance System (ACAS Xu), which is a very popular benchmark for open-loop neural network control system verification tools. This paper proposes a new closed loop extension of this benchmark, which consists of a set of ten closed loop properties selected to evaluate the safety of an ownship aircraft in the presence of a co-altitude intruder aircraft. These closed loop safety properties are used to evaluate 5 of the 45 neural networks that comprise the ACAS Xu benchmark (corresponding to co-altitude cases) as well as the switching logic between the 5 neural networks. The combination of nonlinear dynamics and switching between five neural networks is a challenging verification task accomplished with star set reachability methods in two verification tools. The safety of the ownship aircraft under initial position uncertainty is guaranteed in every scenario proposed. using the NNV and nnenum tools on 5 of 45 ACAS Xu neural networks with switching between five to co-altitude collision cases. Both tools show reachable states of an ownship with dynamics on a collision course with an intruder The reachability computation and ownship by 5 switched NNs. The verification switch collision free even a large initial This study showed that do a comprehensive safety verification analysis of a complex air collision advisory system for but further research determine flights In the tool showed and computation","PeriodicalId":36984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Air Transportation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41839131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Uncertainty Inclusive Runway Balancing Using Convolutional Neural Network","authors":"R. Mori, Daniel Dalahaye","doi":"10.2514/1.d0313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.d0313","url":null,"abstract":"and arrival aircraft delay. The delay prediction for runway balancing optimization is obtained by a neural network, onlywithoutanyadditionalsimulations.Developinganaccuratesimulationmodelunderanuncertainenvironmentis difficult, but the proposed neural network model can estimate the average delay without modeling uncertainty explicitly. In this paper, the effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through numerical simulations. First, simulationsareusedtogeneratethedata,whicharethenusedtotraintheneuralnetwork.Next,therunwaybalancing problem is solved via simulated annealing using the delay predicted by the neural network. The simulation result shows that the proposed approach outperforms the simulation-based method under an uncertainty environment. Therefore, the neural network is shown to accurately estimate the delay under the uncertainty environment, which makes the proposed neural-network-based method applicable to objective function calculations for optimization.","PeriodicalId":36984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Air Transportation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42080583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniela Kratchounova, Inchul Choi, Theodore Mofle, Larry Miller, Scott Stevenson, Mark Humphreys
{"title":"Flight Technical Error and Workload During Head-Up Display Localizer Guided Takeoff","authors":"Daniela Kratchounova, Inchul Choi, Theodore Mofle, Larry Miller, Scott Stevenson, Mark Humphreys","doi":"10.2514/1.d0292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.d0292","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Air Transportation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46297013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ecological Collaborative Interface for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Traffic Management and Tower Control","authors":"D. Janisch, Daan van Aken, C. Borst","doi":"10.2514/1.d0295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.d0295","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Air Transportation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43928213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"General Aviation Loss of Control in Flight Accidents: Causal and Contributory Factors","authors":"Jack P. Smith, M. Bromfield","doi":"10.2514/1.d0286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.d0286","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Air Transportation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45462915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Philippe Meister, Kexin Wang, M. Dorneich, E. Winer, L. Brown, G. Whitehurst
{"title":"Augmented Reality Enhanced Thunderstorm Learning Experiences for General Aviation","authors":"Philippe Meister, Kexin Wang, M. Dorneich, E. Winer, L. Brown, G. Whitehurst","doi":"10.2514/1.d0308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.d0308","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Air Transportation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49633614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reroute Optimization Based on Route Segment Availability Under Convective Weather","authors":"Shi-jin Wang, Jiewen Chu, Jiahao Li, Jingjing Lin, Rongrong Duan","doi":"10.2514/1.d0306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.d0306","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Air Transportation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43284924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exploring General Aviation Pilot Perspectives on Proximate Urban Air Mobility Operations","authors":"Andrew S. Mendolia, B. Lascara, Tracy Sanders","doi":"10.2514/1.d0290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.d0290","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Air Transportation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45242270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ralvi Isufaj, David Aranega Sebastia, Miquel Ángel Piera
{"title":"Toward Conflict Resolution with Deep Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning","authors":"Ralvi Isufaj, David Aranega Sebastia, Miquel Ángel Piera","doi":"10.2514/1.d0296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.d0296","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Air Transportation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47213646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Airport Gate Assignment as a Nash Equilibrium Problem","authors":"Philipp Zeunert, M. Herrich","doi":"10.2514/1.d0281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.d0281","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Air Transportation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43561226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}