Eurasian Journal of Soil Science最新文献

{"title":"Sodium-resistant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria isolated from a halophyte, Salsola grandis, in saline-alkaline soils of Turkey","authors":"R. Kataoka, Esra Güneri, O. C. Turgay, A. Yaprak, Bahar Sevilir, I. Başköse","doi":"10.18393/EJSS.289460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18393/EJSS.289460","url":null,"abstract":"Phytoremediation is an expanding field of research in environmental studies due to the benefits of its cost effectiveness and environmental friendliness. The use of this technology in saline and alkaline soils can be a promising approach because soil salinity inhibits crop growth and causes tremendous yield losses in many regions of the world, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. However, little is known about the plants that can be applicable in the phytoremediation of saline soils and role of their rhizobacteria in the phytoremediation processes. In this study, we examined sodium (Na) uptake by the halophyte Salsola grandis and screened Na resistant rhizobacteria inhabiting in an extremely saline soil environment. S. grandis could uptake Na at the value of 15447 mg · kg -1 and transported Na to stem and leaves from roots. We found that 50 out of the 131 strains were Na resistant and 8 out of these 50 strains contributed to the growth of S. grandis . Using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing, we determined these eight strains to be within the genera Arthrobacter spp. and Bacillus spp. Moreover, four of the eight strains (A22, WP5, B14, AP20) showed traits of being both siderophore and indole-3-acetic acid producers. Therefore, these eight strains appear to be suitable candidates for plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria of S. grandis .","PeriodicalId":36945,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Soil Science","volume":"6 1","pages":"216-216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48910104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of heavy metals contamination in the Nile River water and adjacent sediments: A case study from Khartoum City and Nile River State, Sudan","authors":"S. Ali, Jamal T. Elfaki, Mutwakil Adam, M. Dafalla, Hager Ahmed, M. Ali","doi":"10.18393/EJSS.298949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18393/EJSS.298949","url":null,"abstract":"The current study aims to investigate the heavy metals concentration and the degree of pollution in the water and adjacent sediment of the Nile River and its main tributaries at Khartoum City and River Nile State, Sudan. For this purpose, thirty-three water and sediment samples were collected from River Nile, Blue Nile, and White Nile.  Water chemical properties and sediment physic о -chemical properties were measure. Concentrations of heavy metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Ti, Zn) were determined for both sediment and water samples using inductively coupled plasma ( ICP-OES ). Enrichment factor (EF) and geo-accumulation index ( I geo ) were applied to quantify heavy metals pollution levels in sediment samples. The revealed that only Fe metal detected in the water samples and its concentrations within the permissible maximum limit. This indicated that water is highly suitable for irrigation. Depending on calculated enrichment factor (EF) and geo-accumulation index (Igeo), sediment samples were found to be enriched and polluted with Mn and Mo particularly at Berber site which may as consequence of gold mining activities in this area. The study revealed relatively strong to strong correlation between  heavy metals  of Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Ti, Zn  ( r2 =0.84 to 0.99) and significant negative correlation with Mo ( r2 =0.58 to 0.73) . This study recommends regular monitoring of heavy metals in the Nile River and its main tributaries for conservation and protection from pollution.","PeriodicalId":36945,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Soil Science","volume":"6 1","pages":"285-294"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48703181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative potential of Rhizobium species for the growth promotion of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)","authors":"S. Ullah, M. A. Qureshi, M. A. Ali, F. Mujeeb, Sanaullah Yasin","doi":"10.18393/EJSS.286694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18393/EJSS.286694","url":null,"abstract":"Rhizobium besides its nodule formation characteristic with members of Fabaceae family has been recognized for its great root colonizing ability and growth hormone production potential. In addition to nitrogen fixation in legume plants, rhizobia considered as beneficial tools and act as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) with many non-legumes. Present study was elucidated to determine the comparative role of Rhizbium sp for growth promotion of sunflower. Rhizobia were isolated from five different legumes (mungbean, barseem, lentil, chickpea, and vegetable pea) and checked for their auxin production efficiency. Rhizobial isolates Cp-4 showed maximum auxin potential (5.37 µg mL -1 IAA equivalents).Results showed that inoculation of all rhizobial isolates caused significant increase in growth and physiological parameters of sunflower plants. While prominent results were found with inoculation of mungbean rhizobial isolate Mb-2 which increases the chlorophyll a, N, P, fresh and dry matter of sunflower significantly by 8.34, 4.9, 36, 31, and 34%, respectively in comparison to un-inoculated control plants. Hence, present study concluded that Rhizobium sp can be successfully used as PGPR in non-legumes after thorough investigations.","PeriodicalId":36945,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Soil Science","volume":"6 1","pages":"189-189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45961123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Persistence of myclobutanil and its impact on soil microbial biomass C and dehydrogenase enzyme activity in tea orchard soils","authors":"Dongdong Zhang, Yunli Wu, Xiaolin Zhang, Youfeng Zhu","doi":"10.18393/EJSS.286539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18393/EJSS.286539","url":null,"abstract":"Persistence of the fungicide myclobutanil in three tea orchard soils with different cultivating ages, neighboring wasteland and forest soils, and its influence on microbial activities in 2- and 50-year-oldtea orchard soils at three rates were studied in the laboratory. Dissipation data fitted well to first-order kinetic equation, except for sterilized treatments, in which neglected dissipation of myclobutanil was observed. At 25oC, the dissipation half-lives (DT50) at level of 1mg kg-1 were in the range of 15.07-69.32 days under non-flooded condition, significantly lower than flooded condition (p < 0.05), indicating that dissipation of myclobutanil was mainly driven by soil microorganisms under aerobic condition. Dissipation rate was significantly increased at 40oC compared to those at 4oC and 25oC for all five soils (p < 0.05). Under all incubation conditions, DT50 were lowest in 50-year-old tea orchard soil (p < 0.01). Correlation analysis between DT50 in tea orchard soils and soil properties showed that soil microbial biomass carbon was negatively correlated with DT50 under 25oC and 60% water holding capacity (p < 0.05). In general, soil microbial biomass carbon and dehydrogenase activity decreased as the concentration of myclobutanil and incubation time increased except 0.1 mg kg-1 spiked soils, in which soil dehydrogenase activity was stimulated after 10 days incubation.","PeriodicalId":36945,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Soil Science","volume":"6 1","pages":"106-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43617962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining selective sequential extractions, X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy, and X-Ray Powder Diffraction for Cu (II) speciation in soil and mineral phases","authors":"T. Minkina, D. Nevidomskaya, A. Soldatov, D. Pinskii, F. Mikailsoy, V. Tsitsuashvili, T. Bauer, V. Shuvaeva","doi":"10.18393/EJSS.286544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18393/EJSS.286544","url":null,"abstract":"Interaction of Cu (II) ions with the matrix of soil and mineral phases of layered silicates was assessed by the Miller method of selective sequential fractionation and a set of synchrotron X-ray methods, including X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XANES). It was shown that the input of Cu into Calcic Chernozem in the form of monoxide (CuO) and salt (Cu(NO3)2) affected the transformation of Cu compounds and their affinity for metal-bearing phases. It was found that the contamination of soil with a soluble Cu(II) salt increased the bioavailability of the metal and the role of organic matter and Fe oxides in the fixation and retention of Cu. During the incubation of soil with Cu monoxide, the content of the metal in the residual fractions increased, which was related to the possible entry of Cu in the form of isomorphic impurities into silicates, as well as to the incomplete dissolution of exogenic compounds at the high level of their input into the soil. A mechanism for the structural transformation of minerals was revealed, which showed that ion exchange processes result in the sorption of Cu (II) ions from the saturated solution by active sites on the internal surface of the lattice of dioctahedral aluminosilicates. Surface hydroxyls at the octahedral aluminum atom play the main role. X-ray diagnostics revealed that excess Cu(II) ions are removed from the system due to the formation and precipitation of coarsely crystalline Cu(NO3)(OH)3.","PeriodicalId":36945,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Soil Science","volume":"6 1","pages":"114-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44017798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polluted soil leaching: unsaturated conditions and flow rate effects","authors":"Chourouk Mathlouthi, M. Kacem, Z. Mesticou, P. Dubujet","doi":"10.18393/ejss.286629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18393/ejss.286629","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, soil samples are extracted from a polluted site at different depths. Soils texture and pollutant presence are different with depth. Preliminary analyzes showed pollution by heavy metals. To simulate soil leaching operation in static condition, a series of leaching tests are conducted in laboratory column under conditions of upflow unsaturated soil. Electrical conductivity and pH measurements on the recovered leachate are performed. Different flow rates are tested. Comparison of different profiles shows that the dissolved pollutants are concentrated in the upper soil levels and disperse weakly in the lower parts which confirm the nature of anthropogenic pollution of heavy metals. Water mobilizes a high amount of dissolved ionic substances up to 80% of the initial concentration. The increase in flow rate requires more pore volume injected to achieve the maximum clearance rate. The down flow condition extracts a small amount of dissolved substances.","PeriodicalId":36945,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Soil Science","volume":"6 1","pages":"161-167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44693095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of mulch types on nutrient composition, maize (Zea mays L.) yield and soil properties of a tropical Alfisol in Southwestern Nigeria","authors":"Matthew Awopegba, S. Oladele, M. Awodun","doi":"10.18393/EJSS.286546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18393/EJSS.286546","url":null,"abstract":"Field investigations were carried out to evaluate the influence of shrub and herbaceous mulch types on soil properties and nutrient composition of maize (Zea mays L.) at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Technology, Akure in the rainforest zone of southwestern Nigeria in 2013 and 2014 respectively. The shrub mulch; Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia, herbaceous mulch; Calopogonium mucunoides and Moringa oleifera were applied at the rate of 5 t ha-1. Application of NPK (20:10:10) fertilizer at the rate of 200 kg ha-1 was included as the standard treatment for the experiments. The treatments were laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replication. The growth, agronomic parameters and nutritional quality of maize (Zea mays L.) were monitored and determined in both experiments. Results indicated that herbaceous mulch types and NPK fertilizer significantly (P<0.05) increased the number of leaves, plant height and leaf area when compared with the control in both years. Significant increases in yield parameters over the control were obtained for the NPK fertilizer treatment. In 2013 and 2014 cropping season NPK 20-10-10 treatment significantly produced the highest cob yield but was not significantly higher than the yield from Gliricidia sepium treatment in 2014. Soil organic carbon, total nitrogen (N), potassium (K), and exchangeable cations were positively stimulated by herbaceous mulches while residual phosphorus (P) was increased by NPK fertilizer treatment. Mulched treatments significantly increased crude protein, carbohydrate, nitrogen, phosphorus and ash content of maize grain in both years of cropping season thereby improving nutritional content of maize grain. Therefore, shrub and herbaceous mulch treatments applied at 5t/ha-1 could be applied alternatively in lieu of scarce and expensive inorganic fertilizer for improved maize yield, soil properties and nutrient composition.","PeriodicalId":36945,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Soil Science","volume":"6 1","pages":"121-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43177000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling soil erosion risk in a mountainous watershed of Mid-Himalaya by integrating RUSLE model with GIS","authors":"Justin George Kalambukattu, Suresh Kumar","doi":"10.18393/EJSS.286442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18393/EJSS.286442","url":null,"abstract":"Soil erosion is one of the major cause of land degradation and is a serious threat to food security and agricultural sustainability. Revised Universal Soil Loss equation (RUSLE) model using remote sensing (RS) and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) inputs was employed to estimate soil erosion risk in a watershed of mid-Himalaya in Uttarakhand state, India. Spatial distribution of soil erosion risk area in the watershed was estimated by integrating various RUSLE factors (R, K, LS, C, P) in raster based GIS environment. RUSLE model factor maps were generated using remote sensing satellite data (IRS LISS III and LANDSAT-8) and Digital elevation model. Agriculture (59%) was found to be the dominant land use system followed by scrub land (20%) in the watershed. Rainfall erosivity (R) factor was estimated using past 23 years rainfall data. SRTM DEM was used to generate slope length –steepness (LS) factor in this highly rugged terrain. Nearly 70% of the watershed is having steep to moderately steep slope (>40%). Satellite data was interpreted to prepare physiographic map at 1:50,000 scale. Surface soil samples collected in each physiograpohic unit was analyzed to generate soil erodibility (K) map. Soil erodibility factor ranged from 0.033 to 0.077 in the watershed. Soil erosion risk analysis showed that 36.25%, 9.31%, 15.80%, 15.27%, 11.46% and 11.89% area of watershed falls under very low, low, moderate, moderate high, high and very high erosion risk classes respectively. The average annual erosion rate was predicted to be 65.84 t/ha/yr. The soil erosion rates were predicted to vary from 3.24 t/ha/yr in dense mixed forest cover to 87.98 t/ha/yr in open scrub land. The soil erosion map thus generated employing remote sensing and GIS techniques, can serve as a tool for deriving strategies for effective planning and implementation of various management and conservation practices for soil and water conservation in the watershed.","PeriodicalId":36945,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Soil Science","volume":"6 1","pages":"92-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44090514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution, typology and assessment of degraded soils Piedmont Plains Zhetysu Ridge, Kazakhstan","authors":"M. Kussainova, K. Pachikin, O. Erokhina","doi":"10.18393/EJSS.286636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18393/EJSS.286636","url":null,"abstract":"Identification of land degradation is essential to check the problem and to implement the remedial measures needed. The study area falls under parts of foothill plains Zhetysu Ridge, Kazakhstan, that is an arid region in climate. Recent data on the status of study area refer to the 80s of the last century, and the intensive use of them led to a significant anthropogenic transformation. This study was carried out in 2015-2016 as part of a project aimed to study features and causes of land degradation in foothill plains Zhetysu Ridge, Kazakhstan. Under the conditions of rainfed soil degradation manifests itself in the development of erosion processes, agro depletion of soils, reducing the productivity of agriculture. The use of land for irrigation often accompanied by secondary salinization. In this regard, at present there is need to assess current state of the soil, with the identification of changes in their properties as a result of the impact of various anthropogenic factors and creation of new electronic soil maps and applied the powerful capabilities of advanced remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) techniques to identify the geomorphological units and degradation risk assessment. Satellite imagery in addition to the field and laboratory studies to identify salinity-induced soil degradation was adopted in this study. Morphological, chemical and physical characteristics of soils in degraded sites in foothill plains Zhetysu Ridge, Kazakhstan, were depicted. The main results of a thorough evaluation of soil degradation in foothill plains Zhetysu Ridge, Kazakhstan, are presented. The data revealed that extent of salinity-induced degradation was generally related to some physical properties of soil, uncontrolled livestock grazing and previous soil management practices. These results are useful as the basis for designing soil conservation and restoration programs, as a base line for evaluating the performance of conservation programs and for assessing the impact of other soil-related activities (e.g. agriculture and livestock rising).","PeriodicalId":36945,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Soil Science","volume":"6 1","pages":"178-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46444229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genesis and classification of soils developed on gabbro in the high reliefs of Maroua Region, North Cameroon.","authors":"D. Tsozué, A. Nzeukou, P. Azinwi","doi":"10.18393/EJSS.286631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18393/EJSS.286631","url":null,"abstract":"Received : 19.10.2016 Accepted : 15.12.2016 The purpose of this work was to examine the genesis, properties and classification of soils resulting from the weathering of gabbro rock in the high reliefs of Maroua in the Far North Region of Cameroon. The studied soils were ~ 2 m thick, made of four horizons which consisted of coarse saprolite, fine saprolite, loose loamy clayey horizon and humiferous horizon. From petrographical view point, at the bottom of the soil profile, the preservation of the bedrock structure was marked by numerous remnants of altered plagioclases shapes. The groundmass was characterized by a double spaced fine, ranging to equal, enaulic c/f related distribution pattern. It was yellowish, characterized by weakly separated granular microstructure in the fine saprolite and had a speckled and cloudy limpidity in the loose loamy clayey horizon. Secondary minerals consisted of montmorilonite, kaolinite, goethite, quartz, gibbsite, lepidocrocite, sepiolite, feldspar and calcite. Globally, Si/Al ratio ranged between 2.85 and 3.24. The chemical index of alteration ranged from 50.95 to 55.27 % while the mineralogical index of alteration values were between 1.90 and 10.54 %. Physicochemically, soil pH varied from slightly acidic to slightly above neutral. Soil organic carbon contents were low to very low. Exchangeable bases contents were high, mostly represented by Ca2+ and Mg2+. The CEC of soils and the CEC of clay were also high, ranging respectively between 53.68 and 82.88 cmol(+).kg-1, and 116.80 and 181.38 cmol(+).kg-1. The studied soils were classified as dystric haplustepts clayey isohyperthermic. They were developed in situ by the collapse of primary mineral structures from the bottom of the coarse saprolite, due to leaching as a result of bisiallitisation and monosiallitisation. This is accompanied by a progressive ferruginization of materials, confirmed by the densification under the microscope of goethitic brown veil from the base to the loamy clay horizon and the increase in iron contents from the bedrock to the humiferous surface horizon.","PeriodicalId":36945,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Soil Science","volume":"6 1","pages":"168-177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45489790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}