Limnological Review最新文献

{"title":"An experimental study of branching flow in open channels","authors":"T. Sayed","doi":"10.2478/limre-2019-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/limre-2019-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Branching channel flow describes any side water withdrawals from rivers or main channels. Branching channels have widespread application in many practical projects, such as irrigation and drainage network systems, water and waste-water treatment plants, and many water resources projects. Therefore, in this research, a comprehensive analysis of laboratory data has been carried out to discover the best angle of branching. The study also aims to introduce simple, practical equations to help engineers of water resources to fix the percentage of discharge diverted to the branch channel. The study was carried out in the Irrigation and hydraulics laboratory of the civil department, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University. The laboratory channel consisted of two parts, the main channel, and a branch channel. The main channel was 8.0 m in length, 20 cm wide, and 20 cm in depth. The division corner to the branch channel was sharp edged and located 5.0 m downstream of the main channel inlet. The branch channel was 3.0 m long, 20 cm in depth and its width was changed three times (10, 15, and 20 cm) respectively. A total of 84 runs were carried out. Investigations of the flow into the branching channel show that the branching discharge depends on many interlinked parameters. It increases with a decrease of the main channel flow velocity and the Froude number upstream of the branch channel junction. It also increases with an increase in the Yb / Yu ratio. In subcritical flow, water depth in the branch channel is always lower than the main channel water depth. The flow diversion to the branch channel leads to a decrease in water depth downstream of the main channel. In addition, the study showed that the highest discharge rate was obtained when the angle of branching was equal to 45° and then an angle of 60o. While the lowest discharge rate was obtained at an angle of 90°. Furthermore, at Br = 1.0, using a branching angle equal to 45° the discharge ratio (Qr) increases from about 4.42 to 19.01%, more than that obtained with using the branching angle equal 90°, while the discharge ratio (Qr) increases from about 0.52 to 49.18% and 1.51 to 24.79%, at Br = 0.75, and Br = 0.5 respectively.","PeriodicalId":36922,"journal":{"name":"Limnological Review","volume":"19 1","pages":"101 - 93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45628503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A shallow lake in an agricultural landscape – water quality, nutrient loads, future management","authors":"R. Dondajewska, R. Gołdyn, B. Messyasz, K. Kowalczewska-Madura, S. Cerbin","doi":"10.2478/limre-2019-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/limre-2019-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Qualitative analyses of nitrogen and phosphorus loads reaching the lake ecosystem provide a basis for pollution control, which is of paramount importance in shallow lakes due to the rapid turn-over of matter and energy. The studies of both external and internal loading were conducted in Lake Łeknenskie, a very shallow, through-flow lake situated in Western Poland. Strong eutrophication is manifested in rich rush vegetation and a lack of submerged macrophytes as well as nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations (max 13.04 mg N dm−3 and 0.32 mg P dm−3, respectively). Constant domination of cyanobacteria in the phytoplankton community was noted in almost all seasons with a 98% share in summer, resulting in 20 cm water transparency and 223 μg dm−3 of chlorophyll-a. The zooplankton community was dominated by rotifers. The main source of nutrients was the River Nielba. Spatial external nutrient loading was 1.93 g P m−2 yr−1 and 77.55 g N m−2 yr−1. An even higher load of phosphorus was released from the bottom sediments, 2.18 g P m−2 yr−1. A comprehensive action plan is required, aiming at the reduction of both external and internal nutrient loading. A series of solutions regarding local environmental conditions should be applied in the lake catchment, including biogeochemical barriers, denitrification walls, artificial retention basins or wetlands, but most of all – improvement in the functioning of the wastewater treatment plant. Restoration is possible, however, protection measures reducing external loading should be undertaken prior to phosphorus inactivation in the water column and in the bottom sediments, supported by biological methods e.g. biomanipulation.","PeriodicalId":36922,"journal":{"name":"Limnological Review","volume":"19 1","pages":"25 - 35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45253303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptations of morphology, anatomy and phytochemical composition of leaves of Stratiotes aloides L. emergent forms","authors":"C. Toma, A. Efremov, Weronika Wojnar","doi":"10.2478/limre-2019-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/limre-2019-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Interdisciplinary research was carried out on the impact of climate on the diversity and morphology of Stratiotes aloides L. emergent forms’ phenotype in various latitudes. The objectives of the research were: 1. to determine whether the climate influences the diversity of emergent forms, 2. to determine the diversity of morphological and anatomical traits and chemical composition of S. aloides specimens in Poland and Russia, 3. to examine the content of, and determine the correlation between phenols, phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and tannins in S. aloides. The research demonstrated the substantial diversity of 13 morpho-anatomical traits, and 5 phytochemical traits, both between regions, and individual habitats. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) demonstrated different correlation patterns for the analysed substances between regions characterised by different temperature ranges. S.aloides shows substantial abilities to adapt in terms of structure and physiology to the aquatic environment in various climate zones.","PeriodicalId":36922,"journal":{"name":"Limnological Review","volume":"19 1","pages":"37 - 45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42225517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water balance of Lake Gardno","authors":"I. Chlost","doi":"10.2478/limre-2019-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/limre-2019-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article describes the characteristics of water circulation in the coastal Lake Gardno. The water cycle is based on water balance data calculated for the period 2003–2007 concerning hydrological years, including the components of horizontal and vertical exchange. Due to the coastal location of the lake, particular attention was paid to the share of the seawater in the lake water cycle. It was found that the inflow of sea water accounts for 10% of the total inflow, while inflow from the land accounts for 86% of the total.","PeriodicalId":36922,"journal":{"name":"Limnological Review","volume":"19 1","pages":"15 - 23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42272211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transboundary water resources “A comparative study”: The lessons learnt to help solve the Nile basin water conflict","authors":"M. Ashour, Tawab E. Aly, Haitham M. Abueleyon","doi":"10.2478/limre-2019-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/limre-2019-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The problematic water situation in Egypt, as one of the River Nile basin countries, has been heightened by the harmful effects of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) on Egypt’s share of the Nile water. In the light of this Egyptian attention was directed towards a study of worldwide transboundary water problems, in order to find the most effective methods for dealing successfully with water shortage problems in basin countries. The present study focuses on the most successful experiences in the management and development of international river basins worldwide, as well as studying the possibility of implementing these experiences in other basins, especially the River Nile basin. The study showed that overcoming the water scarcity problems in Egypt and increasing the Nile water yield for all the basin countries can be achieved, first of all through serious cooperation among all the basin countries for minimizing the huge water losses from the river (more than 1480 Billion Cubic Metres per year which represents roughly 90% of the whole basin income), and secondly to make use of the most successful technical and political experiences that have been implemented in other international river basins mentioned in the present study.","PeriodicalId":36922,"journal":{"name":"Limnological Review","volume":"19 1","pages":"14 - 3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45819805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Models for calculating ice cover thickness on selected endorheic lakes of the upper Radunia (Kashubian Lakeland, northern Poland)","authors":"J. Barańczuk, K. Barańczuk","doi":"10.2478/limre-2018-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/limre-2018-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper is an attempt to analyse whether there is or is not a relation between the thickness of ice covers that form on flow-through lakes under constant hydrometric supervision and on endorheic lakes not under constant hydrometric supervision. In order to do so, two benchmark lakes were selected – Raduńskie Górne and Ostrzyckie and six endorheic lakes: Kamionko, Kniewo, Stare Czaple, Zamkowisko, and Żuromino, including one seasonal outflow lake – Boruckie. Additionally, data on air temperature was also taken into consideration so as to determine the thermal characteristics of the analysed period. The data was obtained from the Limnological Station of Gdansk University, collected during patrol research carried out in the winter seasons of 2003–2008. In order to evaluate the formulas, additional measurements were made in 2016. The analysed lakes are located within the water catchment area of the upper Radunia in the central part of the Kashubian Lakeland. The benchmark lakes are located in the Radunia-Ostrzyce tunnel valley while the endorheic ones are located on the postglacial upland. The data analysis has revealed a strong relationship between the ice cover thickness on the benchmark lakes and the endorheic ones. Based on the analysis, models were developed for calculating ice thickness on the small endorheic lakes.","PeriodicalId":36922,"journal":{"name":"Limnological Review","volume":"18 1","pages":"129 - 135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44469180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in the diet of breeding Cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis in an inland colony: the effect of years, breeding stages and locations within the colony","authors":"Simone Buttu, G. Atzori, F. Palmas, R. Gwiazda","doi":"10.2478/limre-2018-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/limre-2018-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A study of the diet of the Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis (fish species and size) in (1) different seasons (years), (2) breeding stages (incubation and chick rearing), and (3) breeding areas (center and edge) in the colony in the Dzierżno-Duże Reservoir (southern Poland) was carried out. Overall, 147 pellets of the Great Cormorant were analysed. The low values of the indexes of Levin (Bi) and Shannon (H’) showed a limited trophic spectrum in the diet of the Great Cormorant. Roach (Rutilus rutilus) with a percentage index of relative importance (%IRI) of 62.89, perch (Perca fluviatilis) (%IRI = 22.63) and carp (Cyprinus carpio) (%IRI = 10.43), were the most common prey. Evident changes in the diet between 2003 and 2014, with less roach and more perch and ruffe in 2014 were found. They could be probably related to changes in the fish community. Differences in the food of cormorants between breeding stages reflected dietary requirements of the chicks. During the breeding season younger chicks require feeding with smaller fish than older chicks. The proportion of fish species found in the cormorant diet differed between the edge and the centre of the colony. We concluded that the impact of Great Cormorants on native fish assemblages may be dependent on the location within the colony, development state of the chicks and season, not just fish availability.","PeriodicalId":36922,"journal":{"name":"Limnological Review","volume":"18 1","pages":"149 - 156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41456127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transformations in the water relations in the Wieczno Południowe lake catchment (Chełmno Lakeland, Poland)","authors":"A. Piasecki","doi":"10.2478/limre-2018-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/limre-2018-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The research involved a detailed analysis of transformations in water relations in the Wieczno Południowe (Wieczno South) lake drainage basin in central Poland, in the physical geographical region of the Chełmno Lakeland. Significant changes were identified in the water relations in the catchment, which were caused by a number of anthropogenic factors. The most significant factors include land development works, changes in land use (a decrease in wetland area in favour of arable land), and the extraction of water from Lake Wieczno South (for irrigation purposes) and the creation of a weir construction on its outflow. It has been shown that in recent years the drainage basin’s water resources have been affected by climate fluctuations manifested as an increase in sums of evaporation. As a result of the deterioration of water relations in the catchment, the hydrological type of some lakes (Płużnica, Wieczno North and Wieczno South) have changed, which unexpectedly resulted in an improvement of their water quality. Taking into account the forecasts for further climate change, this factor will probably have a decisive influence on the water relations of the studied area in the coming years.","PeriodicalId":36922,"journal":{"name":"Limnological Review","volume":"18 1","pages":"175 - 184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43803164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential threat to Polish lakes and reservoirs from contamination by objects of environmental flood risk","authors":"M. Bedryj, Grzegorz Dumieński, A. Tiukalo","doi":"10.2478/limre-2018-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/limre-2018-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract There is a potential threat to lakes and water reservoirs from contamination released due to the flooding of objects that can pose an environmental risk (cemeteries, sewage treatment plants, sewage pumping stations, landfills and industrial plants) located in areas prone to inundation. The analysis covered large lakes and reservoirs (those with the area of over 50 ha), identified as bodies of surface water located in areas potentially affected by flooding of high (10%), medium (1%) and low (0.2%) probability of occurrence. These areas are presented on flood hazard maps and flood risk maps. The results of analyses revealed that the scale of potential threat to Polish lakes, defined as bodies of surface water, with contamination from objects of environmental flood risk is marginal, however, in the case of reservoirs – significant.","PeriodicalId":36922,"journal":{"name":"Limnological Review","volume":"18 1","pages":"137 - 147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48666568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of changes in the Viliya River runoff in the territory of Belarus","authors":"A. Volchak, Sergey I. Parfomuk","doi":"10.2478/limre-2018-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/limre-2018-0020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The research results of runoff changes in the River Viliya at 3 stations (Steshitsy Village, Vileyka Town and Mihalishki village) during the period 1946–2014 for the average annual, maximum, minimum summer-autumn and winter runoff are presented. It has been concluded that heterogeneity in the time series of the river runoff is caused by natural-climatic and anthropogenic factors. At Mihalishki Village the average annual runoff is about 59.7 m3 s–1, the maximum 1570 m3 s–1, minimum summer–autumn is 22.0 m3 s–1, the minimum winter runoff is 17.3 m3 s–1, and the environmental runoff is 21.1 m3 s–1. A forecast of runoff changes for the River Viliya, depending on forecasted climate change using the “Atlas of Global and Regional Climate Projections” was made on the basis of four scenarios RCP8.5, RCP6.0, RCP4.5, RCP2.6. The results of research indicate that significant changes in runoff will not occur as the forecasted climatic parameters did not change significantly. A forecasted decrease in spring runoff was investigated, thus reducing the minimum runoff is not essential. In the event of possible low water periods the Vileyka reservoir resources, involving the Olkhovskoye and the Snigyanskoye water reservoirs, can be used for compensation measures, which may be considered as the most reliable backup source of industrial water supply for the Belarusian Nuclear Power Plant.","PeriodicalId":36922,"journal":{"name":"Limnological Review","volume":"18 1","pages":"185 - 196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49451680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}