{"title":"Persons with disabilities: Breaking down barriers","authors":"Leslie Salzman","doi":"10.18356/c107798c-en","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18356/c107798c-en","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................522 I. GUARDIANSHIP AS A VIOLATION OF THE INTEGRATION MANDATE OF THE ADA ...........................................................................................................................526 A. Government Service, Program, or Activity .................................................528 B. “Qualified Individuals with Disabilities” ...................................................531 C. Is the Integration Mandate Properly Applied to the Experience of Individuals Living in the Community If They Are Not at Real Risk of Institutionalization? .................................................................................532 D. Remaining Hurdles in Olmstead Challenges to Guardianship................534 II. USING SUBSTANTIVE DUE PROCESS TO CHALLENGE OR LIMIT GUARDIANSHIP ..........................................................................................................538 A. Nature and Duration of Guardianship: Jackson v. Indiana and Youngberg v. Romeo ...................................................................................540 1. Scope of Order Must Bear Some Reasonable Relationship to Its Purpose .....................................................................................540 2. The Obligation To Provide Training and Skills Development and To Limit the Duration of Guardianship .......544 a. Training and Skills Development .......................................545 b. Challenge to Unlimited Duration of the Guardianship Order .............................................................546 B. Does the Court’s Decision in Obergefell v. Hodges Provide a Substantive Due Process Path to the Recognition of Universal Legal Capacity? ........................................................................................................548 CONCLUSION......................................................................................................................554","PeriodicalId":368993,"journal":{"name":"The Report on the World Social Situation 2018","volume":"366 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114853537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Executive summary","authors":"","doi":"10.18356/7728dbca-en","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18356/7728dbca-en","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":368993,"journal":{"name":"The Report on the World Social Situation 2018","volume":"70 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120977630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Old age: Responding to a rapidly ageing population","authors":"","doi":"10.18356/39d66529-en","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18356/39d66529-en","url":null,"abstract":"The well-being of older persons (aged 60 or over) will feature prominently in the policy agendas of Governments around the world in the coming decades. The ageing of the world’s population is one of the most significant demographic trends in recent decades. Resulting from a combination of falling fertility rates and rising life expectancy, it is altering the demographic profile of virtually all countries. Globally, the number of older people is projected to double from 2015 to 2050, reaching nearly 2.1 billion in 2050. Europe and Northern America have the highest percentage of older persons at present, but countries in Latin America and the Caribbean and Asia will witness the fastest growth of the older population in the coming decades. In Africa, the number of people aged 60 or over is expected to increase from","PeriodicalId":368993,"journal":{"name":"The Report on the World Social Situation 2018","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128417699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Social protection and social progress","authors":"","doi":"10.18356/c06af175-en","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18356/c06af175-en","url":null,"abstract":"Comprehensive social protection systems are common in more developed regions. An increasing number of countries in less developed regions are also expanding their social protection programmes or putting new ones in place, with support from the international community. This section presents social protection in the framework of the international development agenda and provides a brief overview of recent trends in social protection coverage.","PeriodicalId":368993,"journal":{"name":"The Report on the World Social Situation 2018","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116113073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"International migrants: Carrying their own weight","authors":"","doi":"10.18356/73b840e6-en","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18356/73b840e6-en","url":null,"abstract":"International migration is not new, but the number of people who choose or are forced to migrate is growing. In 2017, there were 258 million international migrants around the globe, up from 173 million in 2000 (United Nations, 2017d). Among them were more than 25.9 million refugees and asylum seekers (ibid.). Close to 58 per cent of those migrants lived in developed regions, and 42 per cent lived in developing regions. There has been a considerable amount of research and policy debate on the impact of migration on development. A general conclusion has been that the lives of millions of people and whole societies have been transformed, mostly for the better, through international migration. Migrants do jobs that are needed but often not wanted by local populations. They set up new businesses, bring new ideas and pay taxes in the countries that receive them. They remit money to their countries of origin and may facilitate","PeriodicalId":368993,"journal":{"name":"The Report on the World Social Situation 2018","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127476591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From youth to adulthood: Risks and opportunities","authors":"","doi":"10.18356/b70530a1-en","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18356/b70530a1-en","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":368993,"journal":{"name":"The Report on the World Social Situation 2018","volume":"6 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114018449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Childhood: When social protection is most crucial","authors":"","doi":"10.18356/2c67b2dd-en","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18356/2c67b2dd-en","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":368993,"journal":{"name":"The Report on the World Social Situation 2018","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124711801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Indigenous peoples and ethnic minorities: Marginalization is the norm","authors":"","doi":"10.18356/14642ccc-en","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18356/14642ccc-en","url":null,"abstract":"There is no internationally agreed definition of what constitute indigenous peoples or ethnic minorities. An ethnic group generally shares a common sense of identity and common characteristics such as language, religion, tribe, nationality, race or a combination thereof. The term “ethnic minority” generally refers to ethnic or racial groups in a given country in which they are in a non-dominant position vis-à-vis the dominant ethnic population. In this report, the term refers to a group of people in a nation State that meets one or more of the following criteria: it is numerically smaller than the rest of the population; it is not in a dominant position; it has a culture, language, religion or race that is distinct from that of the majority; and its members have a will to preserve those characteristics (Foa, 2015). Some minorities are made up of the descendants of migrants or of groups brought to a country by force. In other cases, indigenous peoples became minorities as a result of the settlement and colonization of their native territories by other peoples. Indigenous peoples possess distinct social, economic and political systems, languages, cultures and beliefs and are determined to maintain and develop their identity. Indigenous peoples can claim minority rights under international law, but specific","PeriodicalId":368993,"journal":{"name":"The Report on the World Social Situation 2018","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130617131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Acknowledgments","authors":"","doi":"10.18356/ded84f95-en","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18356/ded84f95-en","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":368993,"journal":{"name":"The Report on the World Social Situation 2018","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124826397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Social protection for all: Looking ahead","authors":"","doi":"10.18356/efd3bf00-en","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18356/efd3bf00-en","url":null,"abstract":"Attributes such as age, gender, disability, origin, ethnicity and race continue to exacerbate the risk of being left behind in rich and poor countries, as the evidence presented in this report shows. Children, persons with disabilities, migrants, members of ethnic or racial minorities and indigenous peoples are at higher risk of poverty than other groups. Although estimates of old-age poverty vary from one country to another and depend on the data used, the income security of most older persons is at risk once they leave the labour market. Poor access to health care and other services can heighten income insecurity, especially in old age. Lack of job opportunities puts young people at high risk of poverty as well, with great costs for societies in terms of wasted human and productive potential. Governments and international organizations compile information on effective social protection coverage of some of those social groups in order to monitor progress towards achievement of the SDGs, among other things. This report cites global estiKey messages","PeriodicalId":368993,"journal":{"name":"The Report on the World Social Situation 2018","volume":"96 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128923277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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