Neotropical Biodiversity最新文献

{"title":"Cuantificación de Plomo (Pb) en tejidos blandos y óseo de murciélagos (Mammalia: Chiroptera) provenientes de zonas de influencia Urbana en la costa occidental de Ecuador","authors":"Michelle Baquerizo, J. A. Salas","doi":"10.1080/23766808.2021.1982585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23766808.2021.1982585","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Lead (Pb) has generated a worldwide concern for its genotoxic effects on human health, and its ability to be bioaccumulative in ecosystems, but nevertheless, there are no estimates of wildlife from terrestrial habitats in Ecuador. Our objective was to determine the concentration of Pb in soft and bone tissues from bats species collected in areas with urban influence in Guayas province, western Ecuador. The specimens were collected with mist nets, manual capture from animals found dead or dying in the streets, and museological collections. We applied Mann-Whitney U test to analyze differences between males and females, and between guilds. 66 chiropterans were analyzed, distributed in 14 species, where 98.5% presented Pb in its body. The nectarivore guild showed highest Pb concentrations than insectivores and frugivores. In the analysis of sexes, no significant differences were found in soft tissue of Glossophaga soricina, Artibeus lituratus, A. aequatorialis and Molossus molossus. Museological samples made possible to detect Pb in several synanthropic species. Finally, Pb should be considered an emerging threat for bats due its possible genotoxic effects over populations.","PeriodicalId":36863,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Biodiversity","volume":"7 1","pages":"560 - 569"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47900778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pollen limitation and reproductive incompatibility system in a critically endangered tree, Polylepis incarum (Bitter) M. Kessler & Schmidt-Leb (Rosaceae)","authors":"Cecilia L. López, Alejandra I. Domic, C. Mayta, E. García, Jorge Quezada, S. C. Gallegos","doi":"10.1080/23766808.2021.1940050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23766808.2021.1940050","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Anemophilous species depend on wind for sexual reproduction. When plants do not receive enough pollen and/or pollen has poor quality, they may experience pollen limitation. This can reduce the production of fruits and seeds with negative consequences on population dynamics. The self-compatibility system also plays an important role on the likelihood of a species suffering pollen limitation as it determines if plants can produce fruits and seeds in the absence of compatible mates. Here, we studied the breeding system of the Andean anemophilous tree Polylepis incarum, a critically endangered species endemic to Lake Titicaca. We conducted controlled experimental pollination experiments and florescence microscopy analysis to assess whether pollen limitation and the incompatibility system constrain fruit and seed production. Results showed that the seed set is limited by pollen availability, that P. incarum exhibits a pre-zygotic compatibility system and early inbreeding depression manifested during seed development. Therefore, self-pollination is a factor that could be partially associated with the production of non-viable seeds. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":36863,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Biodiversity","volume":"7 1","pages":"257 - 265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23766808.2021.1940050","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42039929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myrcia machinazana (Myrtaceae), a new Amazonian species from southern Ecuador","authors":"Álvaro J. Pérez, Daniela Cevallos, Nicolás Zapata, E. Rea, H. Navarrete, M. L. Kawasaki","doi":"10.1080/23766808.2021.1964914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23766808.2021.1964914","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Myrcia machinazana, a new species from southern Amazonia in Ecuador is described and illustrated; additionally a distribution map is presented and its conservation status and relationships with other species are discussed. This new species is similar to Myrcia gigantifolia, but differs by its reddish to dark-brown indumentum on new growth (vs. new growth glabrous in M. gigantifolia) and dense panicles with compactly arranged flowers and fruits (vs. panicles lax, flowers and fruits loosely arranged in M. gigantifolia). A key to the Ecuadorian species of Myrcia is provided.","PeriodicalId":36863,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Biodiversity","volume":"7 1","pages":"415 - 420"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48100961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new record of Dryadella mocoana (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae) from southeastern Ecuador","authors":"M. Jiménez, Luis Ocupa Horna, Leisberth Vélez-Abarca, Luis E. Baquero","doi":"10.1080/23766808.2021.1989936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23766808.2021.1989936","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Dryadella mocoana which was hitherto thought to be endemic to Mocoa, Putumayo department in Colombia has now been reported for the first time in the lower montane forests of Zamora-Chinchipe province, southern Ecuador. A Lankester composite digital plate (LCDP), photos, taxonomic comments, and an updated description of the species based on the examined material is provided.","PeriodicalId":36863,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Biodiversity","volume":"7 1","pages":"455 - 458"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47670285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two new species of terrestrial-breeding frogs (Anura: Brachycephaloidea) from Cordillera de Colán, Peru","authors":"P. Venegas, Luis A. García-Ayachi, Jesús Ormeño, Santiago Bullard, A. Catenazzi, A. P. Motta","doi":"10.1080/23766808.2021.1953894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23766808.2021.1953894","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We describe two new species of terrestrial-breeding frogs from the Cordillera de Colán, in northeastern Peru. We used Parsimony and Maximum Likelihood approaches to infer a molecular phylogeny on a dataset composed of 75 terminals, including three terminals representing the new species, and 4202 bp of concatenated mtDNA and nuDNA fragments. Our phylogenetic analyses support the placement of the two new species in Lynchius and Oreobates, respectively. The new species of Lynchius occurs in two localities from 1,977 to 2,006 m a.s.l., and is characterized by having a dorsum covered by conical tubercles and a brown dorsal coloration lacking a pattern of blotches on the hidden surfaces of flanks and hindlimbs. The new species of Oreobates is only known from one location at 2608 m a.s.l. and is characterized by the absence of axillary and inguinal glands, and the presence of white or cream blotches on the dark brown hidden surfaces of the body.","PeriodicalId":36863,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Biodiversity","volume":"7 1","pages":"279 - 296"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23766808.2021.1953894","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48141807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"El uso de gremios tróficos en macroinvertebrados acuáticos como herramienta de monitoreo en los Altos Andes del Sur de Ecuador","authors":"Ramiro Jiménez, Eduardo Barnuevo, Bruno Timbe, Pedro X. Astudillo","doi":"10.1080/23766808.2021.1953891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23766808.2021.1953891","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Aquatic macroinvertebrates are widely used as indicators of water quality. However, in the Andean region of Ecuador, little is known about how the macroinvertebrate community assemblage responds to changes in the habitat where they occur. One of the main drawbacks is taxonomy, where classifying organisms on a full taxonomic scale becomes complicated. To resolve this point, in a in a NMDS (non-metric multidimensional scaling) ordination analysis, the abundance of macroinvertebrates obtained in 12 monitoring stations in the Cajas Massif, southern Ecuador, was used. The rankings were contrasted using the trophic guilds approach versus the family taxonomic approach (the maximum taxonomic classification available). The ordering analyzes showed a more differentiated spatial organization with the trophic guilds approach than with the family-level approach. When explaining the organization of the communities, the ABI (Andean Biotic Index) and the elevation, significantly explains the organization of the community from the trophic guilds approach; although, only the elevation explains the ordering from the family scale approach. The results suggest that, from the trophic guilds approach, a better approximation of the general ecological role of the macroinvertebrate community associated with environmental services such as water quality is represented. Guilds such as shredders, scrapers, and detritivores adjust to increasing ABI (i.e. water quality). Consequently, monitoring with a focus on the trophic guilds can be used in studies of water quality and its relationship with the community.","PeriodicalId":36863,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Biodiversity","volume":"7 1","pages":"310 - 317"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23766808.2021.1953891","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44853098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant community associations with morpho-topographic, geological and land use attributes in a semi-deciduous tropical forest of the Dominican Republic","authors":"José Ramón Martínez Batlle, Yntze van der Hoek","doi":"10.1080/23766808.2021.1987769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23766808.2021.1987769","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Despite being increasingly threatened by human-induced disturbances, dry forests remain the least studied and protected forest types in the Caribbean region. In contrast to many other forest systems in the world, we have little knowledge of the site-specific variation in vegetation communities within these forests nor understand how plant species distribution is determined by environmental variables, including geological attributes. Here, we aimed to provide evidence of the relationship between biodiversity and geodiversity, by assessing the associations between plant communities and habitat types in a semi-deciduous forest of the Dominican Republic. We collected vegetation data from 23 sites within the Ocoa river basin, which we classified into six groups with a Random Forest algorithm, using lithology, geomorphology, topography, and last decade history of forest loss as predictor variables. We established three main clusters: one group, which encompassed sites with forest over a limestone substrate, four groups of sites with forests over a marlstone substrate with varying degrees of steepness and forest loss history, and one group that gathered all sites with forest over an alluvial substrate. In order to measure the associations of plant communities with groups of sites, we used the indicator value index (IndVal), which indicates whether a plant species is found in one or multiple-habitat types and the phi coefficient of association, which measures species preferences for habitats. We found that 16 species of woody plants are significantly associated with groups of sites by means of their indices. Our findings suggest that the detection of plant species associations with our selection of environmental variables is possible using a combination of indices. We show that there is considerable variation in plant community composition within the semi-deciduous forest studied and suggest that conservation planning should focus on protection of this variation, while considering the significance and variability of geodiversity as well. In addition, we propose that our indicator groups facilitate vegetation mapping in nearby dry forests, where it is difficult to conduct thorough vegetation or environmental surveys. In short, our analyses hold potential for the development of site-specific management and protection measures for threatened semi-deciduous forests in the Caribbean.","PeriodicalId":36863,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Biodiversity","volume":"7 1","pages":"465 - 475"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45275389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oceanic primary production trend patterns along coast of Ecuador","authors":"Nicole Chinacalle-Martínez, Elka García-Rada, Jean López-Macías, Silvia Pinoargote, G. Loor, Javier Zevallos-Rosado, P. Cruz, D. Pablo, Belén Andrade, Carlos Robalino-Mejía, Stephanie Añazco, Jéssica Guerrero, Andrea Intriago, C. Veelenturf, César Peñaherrera-Palma","doi":"10.1080/23766808.2021.1964915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23766808.2021.1964915","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Primary productivity (PP) is a vital oceanographic process generated by photoautotrophic organisms that transform inorganic carbon into organic macronutrients and micronutrients via photosynthesis. While in situ studies have shed light onto the spatial and seasonal variations of chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration, and thus PP, in specific study sites, there are no comprehensive monitoring programs to assess its long-term variation nor its seasonal patterns in broader areas of coastal Ecuador. The main objective of the present study is to evaluate changes in Chl a concentration along the coast of Ecuador and examine how these changes correspond to changes in Sea Surface Temperature (SST). Eighteen offshore and nearshore sampling sites along the Ecuadorian coast were studied over 15 years, using satellite measurements of MODIS-Aqua and MUR. Results show mean Chl a concentration in coastal Ecuador is rather low (1.5 mg m−3) in comparison with other oceanic regions. Puerto Bolivar, Gulf of Guayaquil and Esmeraldas were characterized by the highest mean Chl a concentration; while Galera San Francisco Marine Reserve, Cojimies and Cabuyal were characterized by the lowest. A positive trend in Chl a concentration was detected at the southernmost (Puerto Bolivar and Gulf of Guayaquil) and northernmost (Esmeraldas) study sites, with a seasonal trend following the observed seasonal SST trend. Chl a is high in areas under the influence of both the Humboldt upwelling system and river discharge. The positive correlation between Chl a and SST is likely a response to increased precipitation during warmer months. These results highlight the importance of improving our understanding of the effects of climate change on coastal PP, and the potential for these effects to influence the health of commercial and threatened marine species. Further research should assess the implications of changes in PP and SST for species of commercial and conservation importance along the coast of Ecuador.","PeriodicalId":36863,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Biodiversity","volume":"7 1","pages":"379 - 391"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48178563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two overlooked elusive crakes (Aves, Rallidae): first country record of Ocellated Crake Micropygia schomburgkii in Ecuador and Rufous-faced Crake Laterallus xenopterus in Peru","authors":"Emiliano A. Depino, N. Krabbe, J. I. Areta","doi":"10.1080/23766808.2021.1878983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23766808.2021.1878983","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We present two new distributional country records based on previously misidentified sound recordings: Ocellated Crake, Micropygia schomburgkii (Schomburgk, 1848), in Zamora Chinchipe (Ecuador) and Rufous-faced Crake, Laterallus xenopterus Conover, 1934, in Madre de Dios (Peru). We show supporting spectrograms of sound recordings and provide tools to justify the correct identification of the trills of both species. This range extension is especially relevant for the Vulnerable L. xenopterus, representing a new important breeding site in the Bahuaja Sonene National Park, Peru.","PeriodicalId":36863,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Biodiversity","volume":"7 1","pages":"45 - 52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23766808.2021.1878983","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42286248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new species of terrestrial-breeding frog Pristimantis (Anura: Strabomantidae) from the Cordillera del Cóndor, Zamora Chinchipe, Ecuador","authors":"David Brito-Zapata, Carolina Reyes-Puig","doi":"10.1080/23766808.2021.1940048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23766808.2021.1940048","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We describe a new species of Pristimantis from the Comunidad Río Blanco, Cordillera del Cóndor, Ecuador. Pristimantis ledzeppelin sp. nov. is characterized by a snout–vent length of 23.9–24.6 mm in adult males (n = 2) and 36.1 mm in one adult female and is compared morphologically with Pristimantis muscosus and other similar species of Pristimantis. The new species is characterized by having skin on dorsum and flanks finely tuberculate to tuberculate, a distinctive scapular fold, skin on venter coarsely areolate; snout rounded with a small rostral papilla; discs on the digits truncate, three times the width of the digits; groin and hidden surfaces of thighs yellowish-cream with distinctive brownish-black marks and/or orange irregular blotches; and coppery red iris.","PeriodicalId":36863,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Biodiversity","volume":"7 1","pages":"213 - 222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23766808.2021.1940048","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47978027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}