{"title":"Energy Efficient Resources Allocation on Multi Rat Cognitive Radio Network Using Nanotechnology","authors":"Sabeenian Royappan Savarimuthu, Nandhini Thenmozhi Jaisankar, Manjunathan Alagarsamy, Sabeenian Royappan, Savarimuthu","doi":"10.17756/nwj.2023-s3-063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17756/nwj.2023-s3-063","url":null,"abstract":"The common issue of user organization, allocation of resources, and base station (BS) implementation occurs when a network is heterogeneous (Het-Net) is helped by several radio-accessing technologies (Multi-RAT). Real-time user situations make it difficult to allocate resources in Het-Net optimally while guar-anteeing that every user receives the smallest necessary information rate. Due to the current enormous development of wireless network systems and the exponential growth of data congestion, there is legitimate worry about the corresponding sharp rise in energy usage. In order to tackle these issues, the study here provides a brand-new method that combines an established and effective metaheuristic optimization approach. Consequently, the importance of energy-effective layout in multi-RAT systems is rising. Numerous radio-accessing technologies (RATs) have developed and are currently coexisting in order to serve the varied needs for the network’s infrastructure and mobile user equipment (UE). These RATs operate with different network settings and allocations of resources. A promising technique to address the issue of spectrum scarcity is cognitive radio (CR) technology. System capacity may be increased via multi-radio accessing technologies (multi-RAT). In order to increase the efficiency of spectrum and network flexibility for subsequent wireless systems, multi-RAT integrated into a cognitive Radio Network (CRN) is a potential model. Considering the novel CRN concept used in this research, in which the principal users make up the principal user channels. Concentrate the study on the CR’s Energy Effective Resources Allocation (EERA) challenge. The research recommends using the orthogonal frequency division multiple access with two-tier cross-over genetics algorithm-based searching approach (OFDMA-TTCGA) to discover a solution with the optimum processing power and bandwidth. The fundamental and crucial method employed by CR to locate unutilized airwaves is spectral sense. A spectrum detector employing the detection of energy has been suggested. Simulation outcomes demonstrate the stability and quicker convergence of the suggested approach. The effectiveness of energy use may be greatly improved with the suggestion. The results of simulations demonstrate that the suggested approaches can get performances close to the ideal solution with a great deal simpler structure and a greater efficiency of energy than a traditional spectral-efficiency-based method.","PeriodicalId":36802,"journal":{"name":"NanoWorld Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139320201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of Environmental Factors on Dynamic Viscosity of Zirconia and Silica Nanofluids: Experimental Insights and Theoretical Predictions","authors":"Salam, Firos Abdul, Pramod Sridhara, Jayanthi Narayanaswamy, Vasanthakumar Ramalingasamy, Saravanan Vasude-van, Nantha-kumar Sivasamy, Mayakannan Selvaraju, Ramadoss Yokeswaran","doi":"10.17756/nwj.2023-s3-060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17756/nwj.2023-s3-060","url":null,"abstract":"Zirconia (ZrO 2 ) and silica (SiO 2 ) nanoparticles suspended in water are the focus of this investigation on the influence of environmental variables on the dynamic viscosity of these nanofluids. Two different viscometers (a falling ball and a capillary) were used to measure the range of temperatures from 30 to 60 °C and the percentage of particles from 4 to 15.4%. The results demonstrate that, similar to their base fluids, nanofluids’ viscosity reduces as temperature rises. Surfactants are added to nanofluids to improve their stability at room temperature; however, this is likely at the expense of an increase in viscosity. However, the modified Krieger-Dougherty relation provides reasonably accurate estimation of nanofluid viscosity within a narrow limit of solid size of particle to cumulative size, while relations attained from the lenient liquid concept, like Einstein’s and Bachelor’s, fail to predict nanofluid viscosity for solid concentrations above 1.5 wt.%.","PeriodicalId":36802,"journal":{"name":"NanoWorld Journal","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139320249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Design of Adaptive Space Time Frequency MIMO-OFDM with Nanotechnology","authors":"","doi":"10.17756/nwj.2023-s3-062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17756/nwj.2023-s3-062","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36802,"journal":{"name":"NanoWorld Journal","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139319845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Impact of Combination of Al2O3 Nanoparticles with Fly Ash and Glass Powder in Concrete","authors":"","doi":"10.17756/nwj.2023-s3-065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17756/nwj.2023-s3-065","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36802,"journal":{"name":"NanoWorld Journal","volume":"46 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139320036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhancement of Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of AA5128 with Nano Boron Carbide Particulates Using Ultrasonic Cavitation Assisted Stir Casting Technique","authors":"","doi":"10.17756/nwj.2023-s3-055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17756/nwj.2023-s3-055","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36802,"journal":{"name":"NanoWorld Journal","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139320464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Machine Learning-based Investigation of Wear and Frictional Behavior in Graphite-reinforced Aluminum Nanocomposites","authors":"Sathishkumar Arumugam, Sachin Kumar, Pramod Sridhara, Srinivasan Raju, Ashwin Prabhu Gnanasekaran, Nantha-kumar Sivasamy, Thangarajan Sivasankaran Senthilkumar","doi":"10.17756/nwj.2023-s3-054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17756/nwj.2023-s3-054","url":null,"abstract":"The researcher used a cell segmentation technique in conjunction with other image analysis methods to quantitatively retrieve and compute the cellular microstructural structures in a sub-grain size of silicon carbide (SiC)-reinforced AA2219 made by powder fusion bed (size 0.5 - 1µm). Over 83 geometric features were retrieved and statistically analyzed using ML (Machine learning) techniques to examine the structure-property relationships in SiC-reinforced AlSi20Mg nanocomposites. These sub-grain cellular microstructure properties were utilized to develop hardness and relative mass density analytical models. Using principal component analysis (PCA), authors could narrow down the three variables. While all of the AlSi20Mg nanocomposite samples had identical Al-Si eutectic microstructures, the mechanical properties, such as hardness and relative mass density, varied widely depending on the laser parameters used to create them. Extra Tress regression models that attempted to predict hardness had a close error rate of 2.47%. Using a regression model based on Decision Trees, authors could predict relative mass density to within 0.42 standard deviations. The established models are shown to be capable of predicting the relative hardness and relative mass density of AlSi20Mg nanocomposites. The structure identified in this study has applications for controlling the mechanical properties of PFB (powder fusion beds) and could be applied to other additively manufactured alloys and composites.","PeriodicalId":36802,"journal":{"name":"NanoWorld Journal","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139320652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}