JAMMI最新文献

{"title":"Beyond the rash: The long-term consequences of vertically and horizontally acquired measles in infants and children.","authors":"Michelle Barton, Arielle Forbes, Stephanie Chyn, Ashley V Geerlinks, Julia Em Upton, E Ann Yeh","doi":"10.3138/jammi-2026-0316","DOIUrl":"10.3138/jammi-2026-0316","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36782,"journal":{"name":"JAMMI","volume":"11 2","pages":"103-106"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13331616/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148392011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infective endocarditis due to <i>Lactococcus garvieae</i>, an unusual emerging pathogen.","authors":"Kumudhavalli Kavanoor Sridhar, Matthew Paul Muller","doi":"10.3138/jammi-2025-0041","DOIUrl":"10.3138/jammi-2025-0041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Lactococcus garvieae</i> is an emerging, fish-associated zoonotic pathogen that rarely causes human infection but is increasingly linked to serious conditions like infective endocarditis (IE). <i>Lactococcus</i> spp are phylogenetically and phenotypically related to <i>Streptococcus</i> and <i>Enterococcus</i> spp as all three genera are gram-positive, catalase-negative, lactic acid-producing cocci that belong to the family Streptococcaceae. Due to these shared characteristics, <i>L. garvieae</i> is frequently misidentified by traditional biochemical methods, necessitating advanced techniques for definitive diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We present the case of a 61-year-old male patient with native valve IE secondary to <i>L. garvieae.</i> This represents only the second reported Canadian case of <i>L. garvieae</i> IE and is unique in that the infection involved the native aortic valve despite the presence of a mechanical valve. Furthermore, the case is characterized by an occult source of inoculation as the patient lacked the typical risk factors of raw seafood consumption or occupational exposure to aquaculture. This clinical presentation underscores the importance of considering <i>L. garvieae</i> in the differential diagnosis of IE, even in the absence of traditional zoonotic links.</p>","PeriodicalId":36782,"journal":{"name":"JAMMI","volume":"11 2","pages":"177-182"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13331611/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148391945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful use of bacteriophage therapy for a <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> prosthetic joint infection in Canada.","authors":"R Benson Weyant, Charlotte Rosen, Nancy Tawil, Teresa Nguyen, Stephen Hunt, Greg J German, Gina A Suh, Stephen D Vaughan","doi":"10.3138/jammi-2025-0015","DOIUrl":"10.3138/jammi-2025-0015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) pose a significant treatment challenge due to biofilm-associated resistance, which limits antibiotic effectiveness. Bacteriophages, naturally occurring viruses that selectively infect and lyse bacteria, can disrupt biofilms, potentially enhancing antibiotic activity. We present the case of a male in his 70s with a history of total hip arthroplasty in 1973 who developed a chronic methicillin-susceptible <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MSSA) PJI. Despite eight surgical interventions and multiple courses of suppressive antibiotics, the infection persisted, necessitating the use of bacteriophage therapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The patient's MSSA isolate was sent to a bacteriophage laboratory in Quebec, which identified effective bacteriophages, and a two-bacteriophage cocktail was selected. Following approval by Health Canada and the University of Calgary (REB23-1733), bacteriophages were administered during a planned incision and drainage (I&D). Locally, bacteriophage was applied topically into the hip, followed by 2 weeks of twice-daily intravenous bacteriophage therapy with standard-of-care intravenous antibiotics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Therapy was well tolerated except for initial mild rigors. Now, 24 weeks after bacteriophage administration, there is cessation of pain, normalization of inflammatory markers, and significant improvement in quality of life while continuing on suppressive antibiotics.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Bacteriophage therapy was safe in our case, and emerging evidence is promising for its use in PJIs. However, regulatory hurdles, cost, and lack of standardized protocols currently limit its use. Classified as experimental therapy in Canada, bacteriophage use is restricted to clinical trials. This case underscores the potential for broader adoption of bacteriophage therapy in managing PJIs across Canada.</p>","PeriodicalId":36782,"journal":{"name":"JAMMI","volume":"11 2","pages":"215-223"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13331629/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148391985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polymicrobial <i>Streptococcus mitis</i> and <i>Vagococcus fluvialis</i> infective endocarditis.","authors":"Alexander Pupek, Lei Jiao, Ashar Pirzada, Samuel Bourassa-Blanchette","doi":"10.3138/jammi-2025-0040","DOIUrl":"10.3138/jammi-2025-0040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Infective endocarditis (IE) is a life-threatening condition most commonly caused by <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, but other pathogens, including <i>Streptococcus</i> species, are increasingly recognized. The International Society for Cardiovascular Infectious Diseases (ISCVID) recently updated the list of \"typical\" IE pathogens, yet <i>Vagococcus</i> species remain excluded. This report aims to highlight the clinical significance of <i>Vagococcus fluvialis</i> in IE, addressing whether its isolation from blood cultures should prompt suspicion for endocarditis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We describe a case of polymicrobial IE in a man in his late 40s with a history of intravenous drug use and poor dentition. The patient presented with heart failure and a new diastolic murmur. Blood cultures grew <i>Streptococcus mitis</i> and <i>V. fluvialis</i>, identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and confirmed by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing. Echocardiography revealed a large aortic valve vegetation and severe insufficiency. The patient underwent emergent aortic valve replacement and aortic root repair, followed by a 6-week course of intravenous ceftriaxone. Outcome measures included clinical recovery, echocardiographic findings, and microbiological clearance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both organisms were isolated from two sets of blood cultures. The patient experienced acute decompensation requiring intubation and surgery. Post-operatively, the ejection fraction was reduced (31%). Blood cultures cleared after initiation of antibiotics; the patient completed therapy in hospital and was discharged in good condition, though follow-up was limited by non-adherence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong><i>V. fluvialis</i> bacteremia has been associated with IE in several published clinical case reports and may present with fulminant clinical courses. Its exclusion from current IE diagnostic criteria may contribute to underrecognition. Further surveillance and reporting are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":36782,"journal":{"name":"JAMMI","volume":"11 2","pages":"224-231"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13331630/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148391978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of direct from clinical sample sequencing assays for infectious diseases diagnostics: A single-centre retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Hugo Leprohon, Bouchra Tannir, Gisele Jolicoeur, Marc-Christian Domingo, Philippe J Dufresne, Philippe Morency-Potvin, Patrick Benoit, Simon Grandjean Lapierre","doi":"10.3138/jammi-2025-0033","DOIUrl":"10.3138/jammi-2025-0033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The analytical performance of bacterial targeted sequencing (BTS), fungal targeted/panfungal sequencing (FTS), and metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) assays has been previously evaluated and their clinical use is increasing. Limited evidence is available on their true clinical impact on infectious disease diagnosis and treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a 3-year retrospective cohort study including all patients for whom broad-range sequencing assays were performed directly from clinical samples for the detection of bacterial and fungal pathogens. The operational characteristics, diagnostic and therapeutic impacts of the assays were assessed by reviewing patient clinical files and laboratory information system charts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 279 samples from 185 patients were included. The positivity rates for BTS, FTS, and mNGS were respectively 20.5% (47/229), 20% (9/45), and 20% (1/5). Of these 279 samples, 40 (14.3%) had an impact on patient management. The test results helped to establish a diagnosis in 26 (9.3%) cases and led to treatment modifications in 14 (5%). FTS achieved higher impact rates (26.7%) than both BTS (12.2%) and mNGS (0%). Short turnaround times increase impact rates, and the most impactful tests were those performed on bone and intervertebral disc samples, or in patients with negative culture results due to prior antibiotic administration.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this study, the overall diagnostic impact of BTS and FTS was high. Both the diagnostic and treatment impact of those assays can be increased if prescribed in well-selected clinical syndromes and performed on well-selected clinical samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":36782,"journal":{"name":"JAMMI","volume":"11 2","pages":"141-154"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13331621/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148391975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Daptomycin and linezolid salvage therapy for persistent ampicillin-susceptible <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> bacteremia in a patient with possible anaphylaxis to β-lactam and glycopeptide antimicrobials: A case report.","authors":"Nam Phuong, Jhonna Collins, Linda X Li, Mary Messieh, Moran Drucker Iarovich, Udi Blankstein, Adam S Komorowski","doi":"10.3138/jammi-2025-0039","DOIUrl":"10.3138/jammi-2025-0039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Enterococcus</i> species are gram-positive organisms that are among the most prevalent causes of bacteremia with a urinary source. Combination therapy is considered for deep-seated enterococcal infections due to the occasionally poor bactericidal activity of cell wall-active agents, high failure rates, and synergistic activity. The use of daptomycin and linezolid as monotherapy or as combination therapy with β-lactams or aminoglycosides is well described in the literature; however, the efficacy of daptomycin and linezolid combination therapy is less clear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective single-chart review and single-database narrative literature review.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We describe a 60-year-old man with persistent ampicillin-susceptible <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> bacteremia secondary to a right ureteric stone. His management was complicated by a suspected anaphylactic reaction shortly after receiving vancomycin and ceftriaxone that progressed after receiving ampicillin and cefazolin, as well as delayed source control due to safety concerns withholding anticoagulation for concurrent high-burden bilateral pulmonary emboli, ultimately resulting in persistent bacteremia. His bacteremia cleared with combination therapy of daptomycin 10 mg/kg intravenously daily and linezolid 600 mg orally every 12 hours. A review of the literature of Ovid MEDLINE from 2000 to July 16, 2025, revealed limited reported use of combination daptomycin and linezolid for the microbiologic cure of enterococcal infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The bacteremia cleared with combination daptomycin and linezolid therapy on day 9 of admission, prior to achieving source control with nephrostomy tube insertion 2 days later. The patient made a complete recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":36782,"journal":{"name":"JAMMI","volume":"11 2","pages":"205-214"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13331617/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148391929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A decision-making process to guide the potential application of a hepatitis A virus and parvovirus B19 nucleic acid test for qualifying plasma for fractionation.","authors":"Leisa Bruneau, Carmen L Charlton, Mark Bigham, Gordon Hawes, Elaine Tang, Steven J Drews","doi":"10.3138/jammi-2025-0013","DOIUrl":"10.3138/jammi-2025-0013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Roche cobas DPX assay (Roche Diagnostics) is a nucleic acid test (NAT) that detects parvovirus B19 (B19V) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) and enhances the safety of fractionated plasma protein products. Implementation of this NAT requires multiple decisions focused on test characteristics, test operationalization, and result interpretation. This study uses a decision-making process to guide the potential application of this NAT to qualify plasma for fractionation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A basic decision tree approach was used to undertake a stepwise feasibility study of the B19V/HAV assay in a blood donor setting. Limit of detection, reproducibility, and pooling studies utilized mocked-up B19V (genotypes 1 and 2) and HAV (genotypes 1a, 2a, and 3a) specimens (BioQControl; Biologicals Quality Control B.V.), Somagen (LGC SERACARE), and anonymized COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP; Canadian Blood Services). The Hamilton Microlab STAR IVD Pipettor generated HAV and B19V specimen pools of 96, 24, and 6. Pools and individual specimens were tested using the DPX (Duplex HAV and Parvovirus B19 Nucleic Acid Test) on the cobas 6800/8800 System. Data were collated using Excel (Microsoft, Seattle, WA, USA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Roche cobas DPX reproducibly detected dilutions of B19V and HAV. Pools of 24 and 6 reproducibly detected B19V at acceptable Ct values; pools of 6 reproducibly detected HAV, although at later Ct values.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Using a simple decision tree approach, this study describes how a B19V and HAV NAT could be applied for the qualification of plasma for fractionation.</p>","PeriodicalId":36782,"journal":{"name":"JAMMI","volume":"11 2","pages":"155-164"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13331620/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148391850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating AI into infection control: Evaluating the accuracy and consistency of four leading platforms across three regions.","authors":"Julia Julkipli, Alhanouf Alanazi, Yen Tsen Saw, Ummu Afeera Zainulabid, Johan Delport, Ruchika Gupta, Michael Silverman, MohammadReza Rahimi Shahmirzadi, Sameer Elsayed, Fatimah AlMutawa","doi":"10.3138/jammi-2025-0019","DOIUrl":"10.3138/jammi-2025-0019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a valuable tool in health care, supporting diagnostics and decision making. However, integration into clinical practice presents challenges, including data quality, accessibility, and regional guideline variations. This study evaluates four major AI platforms (ChatGPT, Meta AI, Copilot, and OpenEvidence) against CDC infection control guidelines for varicella and measles across Canada, Malaysia, and the United Kingdom.The objective was to assess the accuracy and consistency of AI responses on infection control measures compared with CDC guidelines and to evaluate how platforms handle complex scenarios.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comparative analysis of the four AI platforms was conducted using structured questions and clinical case scenarios on varicella and measles. Responses were evaluated for alignment with CDC guidelines. Platform accessibility was tested from Canada, Malaysia, and the United Kingdom, and regional variations were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All platforms provided generally accurate information, but discrepancies were noted. ChatGPT and Meta AI mostly aligned with CDC guidelines, while OpenEvidence and Copilot omitted key epidemiological criteria. Meta AI lacked a full explanation of varicella laboratory criteria and was inaccessible in Malaysia. Regional differences in measles postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) were observed, particularly in Copilot and OpenEvidence. Response consistency varied between platforms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>AI platforms show promise in supporting infection control but exhibit regional variability. Continued refinement of AI tools is essential to ensure their global applicability and accuracy. Consultation with an infection prevention and control (IPAC) physician remains vital for complex cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":36782,"journal":{"name":"JAMMI","volume":"11 2","pages":"133-140"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13331609/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148391948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influenza vaccination in solid organ transplant recipients: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized trials.","authors":"Meisam Abdar Esfahani, Honghao Lai, Ramtin Hakim Javadi, Rimsha Haque, Yasmin Meghdadi, Rayan Farhvash, Rachel Couban, Sarah Cairns, Sameer Elsayed, Long Ge, Michael Silverman, MohammadReza Rahimi Shahmirzadi","doi":"10.3138/jammi-2025-0037","DOIUrl":"10.3138/jammi-2025-0037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Annual influenza vaccination is recommended for solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, with various strategies explored to enhance efficacy. Given the ongoing uncertainty about the benefits and potential risks of different strategies in influenza vaccination in SOT recipients, comparing the indirect comparisons of the available evidence is necessary.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, and CINAHL from inception to March 2025 to identify randomized controlled trials that compared different influenza vaccinations in SOT recipients. We conducted a network meta-analysis and used the GRADE approach to assess the certainty of evidence, categorize interventions, and present the findings. The protocol for this systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024537277).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 13 articles met our eligibility criteria (with 2,298 participants) and assessed 10 vaccination strategies. The high-dose (60IMSD) influenza vaccine was superior to the standard influenza vaccination regarding the seroconversion rate for H1N1 (RR 2.27, 95% CI 1.52 to 3.39; high certainty) and H3N2 (RR 1.61, 95% CI 1.34 to 1.94; high certainty). All of the included vaccination strategies might have no difference in graft rejection and other adverse events compared with the standard vaccination.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found that the 60IMSD vaccine demonstrated better immunogenicity outcomes compared with all other influenza vaccines studied in SOT recipients. Additionally, we observed little or no difference among various influenza vaccination strategies in terms of graft rejection and other serious adverse events (SAEs) or non-serious adverse events (non-SAEs).</p>","PeriodicalId":36782,"journal":{"name":"JAMMI","volume":"11 2","pages":"165-176"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13331628/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148391967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adherence to cervical screening and follow-up care in HIV-positive women at a Canadian tertiary care centre.","authors":"Rachel Foote, Julia Julkipli, Alhanouf Alanazi, Ahmed Bishara, Noor BuMurah, Nor Azmaniza Azizam, Janica Adams, Michael Silverman, MohammadReza Rahimi Shahmirzadi","doi":"10.3138/jammi-2025-0038","DOIUrl":"10.3138/jammi-2025-0038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Women with HIV are at a significantly increased risk of developing cervical cancer. However, adherence to cervical screening guidelines remains suboptimal.The objective was to assess adherence to Pap test initial screening and follow-up at St. Joseph's Hospital (SJH) in London, Ontario, and to analyze their association with sociodemographic characteristics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study was conducted of women with HIV ≥21 years of age who were attending SJH's HIV clinic between 2015 and 2024. Medical records were reviewed to determine Pap test completion at HIV diagnosis, follow-up adherence, and management of abnormal results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 235 women identified, 211 were included. Only 29% (n = 62) underwent Pap testing at the time of HIV diagnosis. Among 148 women with normal initial cytology, only 28 (19%) completed three consecutive annual follow-up screenings. Thirty-four women (17%) had atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) results, of whom 29 (85%) underwent appropriate repeat cytology within 6 to 12 months. Fifty-three women (27%) were diagnosed with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) or higher-grade lesions, and 42 (79%) were appropriately referred for colposcopy. Adherence to cervical screening was positively associated with year of HIV diagnosis (<i>p</i> < 0.001); an association with history of injection drug use was observed in unadjusted analyses (<i>p</i> = 0.018), but did not persist in post-hoc analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Substantial gaps exist in cervical cancer screening and follow-up among women with HIV. Despite guideline recommendations, less than one-third of patients in our cohort received Pap test at the time of HIV diagnosis, and long-term follow-up adherence was low. Enhanced system-based interventions are required to improve screening continuity and outcomes in this high-risk population.</p>","PeriodicalId":36782,"journal":{"name":"JAMMI","volume":"11 2","pages":"123-132"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13331607/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148391895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}