Future Cities and Environment最新文献_第7页

Retrofit of Italian School Buildings. The Influence of Thermal Inertia and Solar Gains on Energy Demand and Comfort 意大利学校建筑改造。热惯性和太阳能增益对能源需求和舒适度的影响

Future Cities and Environment Pub Date : 2019-02-05 DOI: 10.5334/FCE.60

A. Carbonari

{"title":"Retrofit of Italian School Buildings. The Influence of Thermal Inertia and Solar Gains on Energy Demand and Comfort","authors":"A. Carbonari","doi":"10.5334/FCE.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/FCE.60","url":null,"abstract":"Most of the Italian school buildings were built before the 1973 energy crisis, so they need a retrofit to reduce their primary energy demand and improve the indoor environment quality. Moreover, regardless of age, these buildings have large windows; therefore, it is generally necessary to improve the solar control strategy. The older buildings have heavy masonry; in these cases, the problem is where it is more convenient to place an additional layer of insulation: inside or outside the buildings opaque envelope elements. This work explores, only by means of computer simulations, the effects of various retrofit strategies on energy demand and comfort conditions. The examined strategies are characterized by different positions of the additional insulation and various solar control strategies. The case studies consist of two school buildings of the city of Bologna, in Northern Italy. In order to assess the influence of internal gains and time profile of use, other possible uses for the same buildings, such as offices or dwellings, have been considered. Simulations results show that the external insulation is always the most performing, but the differences with the internal one are not relevant in the case of the classrooms. Differences increase with the reduction of the internal gains and with the extension of the daily use time. Small packable slats inserted between the glasses improve luminous comfort, and reduce energy demand. Larger external slats provide less luminous comfort but better thermal comfort in the cooling period; however, they increase the energy demand.","PeriodicalId":36755,"journal":{"name":"Future Cities and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47523904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

A System Design for Distributed Energy Generation in Low-Temperature District Heating (LTDH) Networks 低温区域供热网络分布式发电系统设计

Future Cities and Environment Pub Date : 2019-02-04 DOI: 10.5334/FCE.44

S. Jones, M. Gillott, R. Boukhanouf, G. Walker, Michele Tunzi, D. Tetlow, Lucelia Rodrigues, M. Sumner

{"title":"A System Design for Distributed Energy Generation in Low-Temperature District Heating (LTDH) Networks","authors":"S. Jones, M. Gillott, R. Boukhanouf, G. Walker, Michele Tunzi, D. Tetlow, Lucelia Rodrigues, M. Sumner","doi":"10.5334/FCE.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/FCE.44","url":null,"abstract":"Project SCENIC (Smart Controlled Energy Networks Integrated in Communities) involves connecting properties at the University of Nottingham’s Creative Energy Homes test site in a community scale, integrated heat and power network. Controls will be developed to allow for the most effective heat load allocation and power distribution scenarios. Furthermore, the system will develop the prosumer concept, where consumers are both buyers and sellers of energy in both heat and power systems. \u0000 \u0000This paper describes the initial phase of project SCENIC, achieving truly distributed generation within a heat network. The first of its kind, the system has a four pipe network configuration, consisting of a network flow loop to supply heat to homes, and a generation loop to collect energy from residential heating systems and supply it to a centralised thermal store. \u0000 \u0000To achieve the design, IES-VE steady state heat load and dynamic building modelling have been used. A pre-insulated Rehau Rauthermex piping diameter was sized using flow rate calculations. Pipe diameter is reduced in line with distance from the central pump and associated pressure losses. The diameter ranges from 40 to 25mm, with a heat loss as low as 7.0 W/m. In addition, flow rates will fluctuate below a maximum of 1.99 l/s. \u0000 \u0000Danfoss – 7 Series BS flatstations have been selected as the network-building heat interface units (HIU), to satisfy a calculated peak design heating loads of between 36.74 and 44.06 kW. Furthermore, to enable the prosumer concept and associated business models an adapted Danfoss Flatstations – 3 Series BS was selected to interface the distributed heat sources with the network. \u0000 \u0000This paper gives details of the novel system configuration and concept, energy flows, as well as calculation and modelling results for the heat network. A premise is given to maintaining low temperatures in the network to ensure system efficiency in line with the latest research thinking.","PeriodicalId":36755,"journal":{"name":"Future Cities and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46927078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Coupling Variable Renewable Electricity Production to the Heating Sector through Curtailment and Power-to-heat Strategies for Accelerated Emission Reduction 将可变可再生电力生产与供暖部门耦合，通过削减和电力换热战略加速减排

Future Cities and Environment Pub Date : 2019-01-04 DOI: 10.5334/FCE.58

V. Arabzadeh, Sannamari Pilpola, P. Lund

{"title":"Coupling Variable Renewable Electricity Production to the Heating Sector through Curtailment and Power-to-heat Strategies for Accelerated Emission Reduction","authors":"V. Arabzadeh, Sannamari Pilpola, P. Lund","doi":"10.5334/FCE.58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/FCE.58","url":null,"abstract":"The Paris Climate Accord and recent IPCC analysis urges to strive towards carbon neutrality by the middle of this century. As most of the end-use energy in Europe is for heating, or well above 60%, these targets will stress more actions in the heating sector. So far, much of the focus in the emission reduction has been on the electricity sector. For instance, the European Union has set as goal to have a carbon-free power system by 2050. Therefore, the efficient coupling of renewable energy integration to heat and heating will be part of an optimal clean energy transition. This paper applies optimization-based energy system models on national (Finland) and sub-national level (Helsinki) to include the heating sector in an energy transition. The models are based on transient simulation of the energy system, coupling variable renewable energies (VRE) through curtailment and power-to-heat schemes to the heat production system. We used large-scale wind power schemes as VRE in both cases. The results indicate that due to different energy system limitations and boundary conditions, stronger curtailment strategies accompanied with large heat pump schemes would be necessary to bring a major impact in the heating sector through wind power. On a national level, wind-derived heat could meet up to 40% of the annual heat demand. On a city level, the use of fossil fuel in combined heat and power production (CHP), typical for northern climates, could significantly be reduced leading even close to 70% CO2 emission reductions in Helsinki. Though these results were site specific, they indicate major opportunities for VRE in sectoral coupling to heat production and hence also a potential role in reducing the emissions.","PeriodicalId":36755,"journal":{"name":"Future Cities and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45375952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 25

Future cities and environmental sustainability 未来城市与环境可持续性

Future Cities and Environment Pub Date : 2017-06-12 DOI: 10.1186/s40984-016-0014-2

S. Riffat, Richard J. Powell, Devrim Aydin

引用次数: 100

The application of vernacular Australian environmental design principles in Glenn Murcutt’s architecture 澳大利亚本土环境设计原则在Glenn Murcutt建筑中的应用

Future Cities and Environment Pub Date : 2017-04-04 DOI: 10.1186/S40984-017-0026-6

M. Lecaro, Benson Lau, Lucelia Rodrigues, D. Jarman

引用次数: 3

Comparison of building modelling assumptions and methods for urban scale heat demand forecasting 城市尺度热需求预测的建筑建模假设与方法比较

Future Cities and Environment Pub Date : 2017-01-21 DOI: 10.1186/S40984-017-0025-7

Dirk Monien, A. Strzalka, A. Koukofikis, V. Coors, U. Eicker

引用次数: 29

District cooling network optimization with redundancy constraints in Singapore 具有冗余约束的新加坡区域供冷网络优化

Future Cities and Environment Pub Date : 2017-01-03 DOI: 10.1186/S40984-016-0024-0

J. Dorfner, Patrick Krystallas, Magdalena Durst, Tobias Massier

引用次数: 9

Urban sprawl and growth management – drivers, impacts and responses in selected European and US cities 城市扩张和增长管理——欧洲和美国城市的驱动因素、影响和应对

Future Cities and Environment Pub Date : 2016-11-22 DOI: 10.1186/S40984-016-0022-2

Christian Fertner, G. Jørgensen, T. Nielsen, K. Nilsson

引用次数: 54

Sustainable urbanism: towards a framework for quality and optimal density? 可持续城市主义:迈向质量和最佳密度的框架?

Future Cities and Environment Pub Date : 2016-08-05 DOI: 10.1186/S40984-016-0021-3

Steffen Lehmann

引用次数: 62

Transforming typical hourly simulation weather data files to represent urban locations by using a 3D urban unit representation with micro-climate simulations 通过使用带有微气候模拟的三维城市单元表示，将典型的每小时模拟天气数据文件转换为代表城市位置

Future Cities and Environment Pub Date : 2016-07-08 DOI: 10.1186/S40984-016-0020-4

L. Bourikas, P. James, A. Bahaj, M. Jentsch, Tianfeng Shen, D.H.C Chow, J. Darkwa

引用次数: 6