{"title":"Representing the Belief of Muslims: Role and Actions of Qatar to Encounter Islamophobia during 2022 World Cup","authors":"D.I. Ansusa Putra","doi":"10.32350/jitc.131.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/jitc.131.02","url":null,"abstract":"Following the terrorist attacks of 9/11, Islam was presumed and identified as a religion of violence and terror. However, in the last decade, there have been counter efforts from different Muslim countries against this opinion. One of them is Qatar, an Arab-Muslim country that organized and hosted the 2022 World Cup. The current research describes Qatar's progress as the host for the 2022 World Cup, with the data collected using qualitative methods, sourced from interviews and observations, investigating Qatar's strategy for playing out, to deal with Muslims, and fighting Islamophobia. Interviews and print media investigations helped to understand the context of Islamophobia. Qatar's role captures how the anti-Islamophobia show is built by painting a positive image of Muslims and Islam and then portraying what Islam really is. An empirical study was also conducted to analyze media discourse in order to describe the global impact of anti-Islamophobia in Qatar's roles and actions. According to a psycho-sociological perspective through role theory, this research determines that Qatar represents the Muslim community to promote peaceful Islam. The results show that the noble human values in the Al-Qur'an-Hadith which have been misunderstood so far have led to the marginalization of Muslims. Therefore, Qatar has a mission to spread the values of truth against the stereotypes of the world community towards Muslims which are detrimental to their existence. Moreover, this research provides evidence of psycho-sociological phenomena in a broad context.","PeriodicalId":36736,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43803244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Islamic Principles to Combat Radicalization in Academia: An Exploratory Study in Pakistani Context","authors":"Samina Batool Shah, Riaz Ahmad Saeed","doi":"10.32350/jitc.122.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/jitc.122.18","url":null,"abstract":"Pakistan’s geopolitical location and events like the Afghan Jihād, 9/11, and the War on Terror have adversely affected our social, religious, and geopolitical realms. Numerous perpetrators are engaged in violent extremism due to their exclusive interpretations of Islamic injunctions, which mainly deviate from the basic Islamic principles. These developments in our region have given rise to the phenomenon of radicalization in the socio-religious and political spheres. Unfortunately, this radicalization has infused the higher education sector and threatened Pakistan’s security and safety. According to this study, ‘radicalization’ is a process in which people or groups adopt extreme social, religious, and political views to discredit or reject others’ coexisting and contemporary ideologies. The status quo, the delicate law & order situation, and developing trends and ideas at the societal level further lead to polarization and division. This paper aims to identify numerous adherents’of radicalization in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). It also explains the central concept of theological radicalization and how genuine Islamic principles combat these misconceptions. Analytical and exploratory research methodology has been adopted for this study. This research concludes that by adopting the Islamic principles of Waṣatīyyah (Moderation and the Middle Path) and ‘Ilm-al-Eḥsān (to do beautiful things or Excellence) one could lead a successful life as ordained by Allah. A reversal of the rise of radicalism and extremism is possible with the help of moderates and reformers in society and academia to incorporate Islamic socio-religious norms and values. This paper recommends that academia and society must adopt moderation, diversity, and pluralism grounded in Islamic teaching to curb radicalism. \u0000Keywords: Combating radicalization, Islamic principles, Pakistani academia, Religious modesty","PeriodicalId":36736,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42093728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Al-Ghazali's Concept of Happiness in The Alchemy of Happiness","authors":"Achmad Khudori Soleh","doi":"10.32350/jitc.122.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/jitc.122.14","url":null,"abstract":"Al-Ghazali's book entitled The Alchemy of Happiness describes happiness. It often becomes a reference of behavior of mysticism and psychology, especially Islamic psychology. However, there are no studies that specifically examine this book. This study analyzes al-Ghazali's concept of happiness in The Alchemy of Happiness. The research data sources consist of literature having The Alchemy of Happiness as their main references. The researcher uses the content analysis method to analyze the data. The research results show that (1) Al-Ghazali's concept of happiness refers to the Qur'an, Hadīths, Islamic philosophy, Sufism teachings, and al-Farabi’s leadership concept. (2) Al-Ghazali's principle of happiness is twofold: that happiness must be pursued and tiered. Al-Ghazali's concept of happiness consists of four aspects: appetence, reason, heart, and love for Allah. (3) Furthermore, the method of achieving happiness has three stages, (1) recognizing the nature and character of the self, (2) placing the heart as the leader of the self, and (3) contemplation of God. Al-Ghazali's concept of happiness has several advantages, namely use many Quarnic references; does not eliminate the potential for lust; and does not teach fatalism. In fact, he motivates people to pursue their happiness. \u0000Keywords: Al-Ghazali, Alchemy of Happiness, Concept of happiness, aspects of happiness, Methods of achieving happiness","PeriodicalId":36736,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45568410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Educational Tradition of Ijāzah in Islamic History with Reference to Persian Milieu","authors":"Mesut Idriz","doi":"10.32350/jitc.122.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/jitc.122.13","url":null,"abstract":"From the earliest periods of Islamic history and civilization, the educational system was originally religious in nature. It began with the mosque as its centre, from which other educational institutions such as the maktab, the bayt al-hikmah, the majālis, the dār al-‛ulūm, and the madāris gradually developed. In addition, from the vast fields of medicine, astronomy and the devotional sciences emerges the advent of hospitals, observatories, and the zāwiyah within Sūfī fraternities. In the aforementioned educational institutions, students were trained in different fields of Islamic studies that systematically includes both transmitted and applied subjects by their professors. Moreover, they were able to select their professors as they wished. When they had completed their studies, according to a certain level of proficiency to the professor’s satisfaction, they would traditionally be accorded a ‘licence to teach’, a so-called ijāzah, either by one professor or by more than one. It is this ijāzah tradition which has a long history in Muslim education, which deserved special attention where the Persian milieu were part of this tradition right from the beginning; and in some places until the present day. Ijāzah tradition played a very significant role not only among Muslims but also among other religions; therefore, this article studies this unique educational tradition with special reference to Persian milieu. \u0000Keywords: Education, ijāzah, Islamic civilization, Islamic history, Persian milieu","PeriodicalId":36736,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46087316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Raja Umair, Hafiz Sajid Iqbal Shaikh, Faryal Umbreen
{"title":"Tunisian Political Climate from Aristocracy to Democracy and Presidential Coup: An Emerging Challenge to the Islamic Movements","authors":"Raja Umair, Hafiz Sajid Iqbal Shaikh, Faryal Umbreen","doi":"10.32350/jitc.122.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/jitc.122.21","url":null,"abstract":"The popular uprising brought forth change in Tunisian presidential palace during 2011 as it entered a state of liminality while becoming a consolidated democracy from authoritarianism. However, after a decade of democratic transition, only the democratic success story of the Arab Spring is in danger after the decree of Tunisian President. This article aims to highlight that by using Article 80 of the constitution, President has seized more power; and it narrates how it contradicts the constitution and negatively impact on political scenario. Furthermore, this study provides an analysis that how certain regional countries are trying to jeopardize the democratic system. Thus, the Islamic movement of Tunisia has been possessing a lion share on Country’s political arena and is considered as the vanguard of Islamic identity and democratic process since 2011 revolution. Finally, it concludes that amid a lenient policy of Rashid Al-Ghannouchi, the founder of the Movement and speaker of the Parliament, towards Islamic doctrine in Tunisian political arena, coup from Tunisian president. Leadership of Al-Nahdah again playing a vital role to stable political climate through dialogue, but it seems that the situation is still in danger. In this article, the primary and secondary data has been analyzed by using Discourse analysis method with its approach of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). \u0000Keywords: Authoritarianism, Constitutional imploration, Democracy, Ennahda, islamic movement, Political crises, Presidential coup, Tunisia","PeriodicalId":36736,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48391663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Study of Relativistic Theory of Ethics in the Light of Islamic Theory of Morality","authors":"Muhammad Awais Shaukat, Tahira Basharat","doi":"10.32350/jitc.122.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/jitc.122.20","url":null,"abstract":"Every civilization has a system of ethics that defines their values and morality. The basic concepts of \"Good\" and \"Evil\" are also derived from that system. This system of ethics gains its inspiration from the world view of that particular civilization. Islam, like all other religions, also give a complete moral code for its believers. Qur’ān and the Sunnah here is the only criterion for determining the basic principles of the Ethics of Islam and hence morality in Islam is objective as well as absolute. In the post-modern world however, the morality and value system that got endorsed by Postmodernist thinkers is relative and subjective instead of absolute and objective. Morality here is largely considered as relative as well as subjective and hence vary with change in time and space. It can also undergo through evolution and no act or concept can be judged here on some absolute criterion. This “Relativism” and “Subjectivism” potentially challenge all the traditional schools of ethics. This paper would study whether this relativistic theory of ethics have any compatibility with Islamic fundamentals regarding ethics. This research paper is based on descriptive method along with primordial focus on Moral Relativism. \u0000Keywords: Epistemology, Islamic value system, Meta-narratives, Moral relativism, Postmodernism, pluralism","PeriodicalId":36736,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48108953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Role of Arabic Calligraphy in Displaying the Aesthetics of Linear Configurations in the Kiswah of Kaaba","authors":"Duaa Mohammed Alashari","doi":"10.32350/jitc.122.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/jitc.122.17","url":null,"abstract":"The Kiswah of the Kaaba, in the Saudi era, is adorned with Arabic calligraphy, executed in the complex Thuluth calligraphy. These calligraphic formations are compatible with the aesthetic and spiritual function of the Kiswah of Kaaba. In addition, the contribution of these formations and Arabic calligraphy creates formative elements of a distinctive aesthetic nature that glorifies the kiswah with a special kind of spiritual beauty associated with the writing of Qur’ānic verses. Arabic calligraphy, especially the Thuluth script, is one of the essential Arabic fonts that express the aesthetic values of Arabic calligraphy in the covering of the Kaaba. Therefore, this study aims to reveal the role of Arabic calligraphy and the characteristics of the Thuluth line, which have enhanced in highlighting the aesthetics of the linear formations of the Kiswah. The study also aims to discuss the aesthetic features and patterns that characterize the linear formations. The method used in this study is the content analysis method, bearing in mind that the primary tool used is inference based on observation. The study concluded that the Thuluth font possesses several aesthetic and technical characteristics compared to the rest of the other Arabic fonts. Moreover, these technical characteristics gave this line an evident prominence in decorating and beautifying the covering of the Kaaba with the appearance of the single letter in several bodies through the morphological diversity of the character drawing. \u0000Keywords: Arabic calligraphy, aesthetics, Kiswah of Kaaba, linear configurations, Thuluth script.","PeriodicalId":36736,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43888790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Islam and Nationalism in the Thought of Jamal Al-Din Al-Afghani","authors":"A. Azlan","doi":"10.32350/jitc.122.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/jitc.122.15","url":null,"abstract":"The dynamic of nationalism’s theoretical position has facilitated the unfolding complexities throughout history; and it still triggers an intellectual debate among the contemporary scholars. Carved out as a formidable socio-political force, nationalism today stands out as a substantial brand of resistance that defies all odds. This study has employed the qualitative method of analysis to build a framework to explore the ideas and thoughts of Jamal al-Din al-Afghani pertaining to the concepts of Islam and nationalism. Furthermore, this study argued that Afghani’s conception of Islam and nationalism was an effective tool in balancing the principles of modernity. In similar vein, Afghani’s core ideas and its underlying values suggested some different trajectories of fundamental synthesis of the nationalism and Islam. To elucidate further, Islam is viewed as a dominant force that perpetuated the development of Afghani’s comprehension on nationalism. This study culminates that Afghani’s concept of nationalism is the fundamental source of social unity that has consolidated the backbone of Islamic movement within the framework of Pan-Islamism by emphasizing the concept of unity and ummah. \u0000Keywords: Jamal al-Din al-Afghani, Nationalism, Pan-Islamism, Social-unity, Western thought","PeriodicalId":36736,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42952513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fatmawati, Andi Muhammad Akmal, Andi Muh. Akhyar, Azwar, Achmad Nasyori
{"title":"Determination of Islamic Month Start by Moonsighting Australia (Case Study: 1 Dzulhijah 1441)","authors":"Fatmawati, Andi Muhammad Akmal, Andi Muh. Akhyar, Azwar, Achmad Nasyori","doi":"10.32350/jitc.122.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/jitc.122.16","url":null,"abstract":"The determination of the Islamic calendar is paramount in Islam because it strongly relates to worship, like Ramadan fasting, eid-al-fitr, and zakat fitr. Many studies have examined young moon visibility criteria in many Muslim countries, such as Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, Thailand, and Singapore. However, no study on the initiation of the Islamic month has been conducted in Australia, a Muslim-minority country with middle-eastern immigrants seeking jobs. One of Australia's most trusted organizations to announce the start of Hijri month is Moonsighting Australia. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the determination of the Islamic calendar by Moonsighting Australia organization based on factors such as method, matla, rukyat time, hilāl visibility, and resistors (1 Dzulhijjah 1441 H). A descriptive study with a qualitative approach used literature reviews, content analysis, and case studies. Primary data were taken from a decision letter from Moonsighting Australia about the start of Dzulhijjah 1441 H, interviews with the coordinator, and relevant references. The findings showed that Moonsighting Australia applies a rukyat method by the naked eye - without any optical aids and hilāl visibility criteria consideration - every 29th of Hijri month. Also, it tunes the concept of matla wilayat al hukmi, where the sighting process and result are implemented throughout Australia’s territory. \u0000Keywords: Australia, Dzulhijjah, Hijri, Islamic Month, Moonsighting.","PeriodicalId":36736,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44013616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Aurat March (2018-2022) in the Context of Gendered-Islamophobia: A Case of Muslim Women’s Identity in Pakistan","authors":"QR Article, Syeda Mehmoona Khushbakht","doi":"10.32350/jitc.122.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/jitc.122.19","url":null,"abstract":"The role and identity of Muslim women around the world is one of the crucial issues in the current era. Women rights’ activists and other contributors seek to highlight women issues through their work and marches. The present research explores that how these marches are contributing hugely in presenting the image of women in any country to the world. The researcher addresses the cultural and religious differences in terms of gendered Islamophobia and the impact of Aurat March while constructing or contesting the women identity in Pakistani society. Through an analysis of Aurat March, researcher highlights the ways in which the biased representation of Muslim women lives can be either limiting or encouraging. The impact of these events can be reason of rise in negative attitudes and scattered stereotypes, or it might initiate peaceful dialogues and affective measures. The research also analyzes that how a minor negligence can be an additional certificate in the world of Islamophobia and an increase in international narratives against Muslims, Islam, and Pakistani society. The research paper seeks to argue how Aurat March, influenced by secular modern trends transmit Islamophobic stereotypes towards Islam: Muslim women, in general, and Pakistan in specific context. The paper will conclude by analyzing the important insights to counter the gendered Islamophobia in the lives of Muslim women while limiting themselves into gender, culture, and religion. \u0000Keywords: Aurat March, gender discourses, Islamophobia, Muslim women, Pakistan","PeriodicalId":36736,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41792929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}