Geology of Route 66 Region: Flagstaff to Grants最新文献

{"title":"Gabbroic shallow intrusions and lava-hosted xenoliths in the Mount Taylor area, New Mexico","authors":"F. Goff, J. Wolff, W. Mcintosh, S. Kelley","doi":"10.56577/ffc-64.143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/ffc-64.143","url":null,"abstract":"—Recent detailed geologic mapping of six quadrangles encompassing Mount taylor volcano has revealed three small shallow intrusive bodies of olivine gabbro and a scoria cone containing 0.5 m long blocks of similar olivine gabbro. these gabbros resemble a large gabbro plug within the amphitheater of Mount taylor in age (3.26 to 2.68 Ma), mineralogy (plagioclase-clinopyroxene-olivine) and fine- to medium-grained texture (average grain size 0.55 to 1.25 mm). Major-element geochemistry indicates the shallow gabbros are similar to trachybasalt lavas erupted in and around Mount taylor from 3.2 to 1.7 Ma. in contrast, shallow olivine gabbros do not chemically resemble medium- to coarse-grained gabbroic xenoliths (mostly orthopyroxene-bearing norite) found in some trachybasalt lavas around Mount taylor. Co-magmatic trachybasalt and shallow gabbro bodies occur in other volcanic terrains (e.g., Stromboli, italy). Coarser grained gabbroic xenoliths co-existing with trachybasalt lavas are noritic and are believed to have a mantle or deep crustal source (e.g., Colton crater, aZ and Mauna Kea, hi). three small areas around Mount taylor have unusual upheaved structure that we postulate may be caused by intrusion of shallow small volume gabbro bodies: San Fidel Dome, Devil Canyon Dome and american Canyon uplift. a low amplitude (± 20 gamma) positive aeromagnetic anomaly above the Devil Canyon dome supports the interpretation that it is underlain by a magnetite-bearing mafic intrusion at depth.","PeriodicalId":367315,"journal":{"name":"Geology of Route 66 Region: Flagstaff to Grants","volume":"234 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133191065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"U-series dating and stable isotope analysis of Quaternary travertines with implications for incision rates in western Rio Grande rift, Carrizo Arroyo, New Mexico","authors":"M. Kolomaznik, J. Ricketts, A. Priewisch, L. Crossey, K. Karlstrom, Y. Asmerom, V. Polyak","doi":"10.56577/ffc-64.199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/ffc-64.199","url":null,"abstract":"—Travertine deposits associated with fluvial terraces in Carrizo Arroyo, central New Mexico indicate that Plio-Pleistocene incision rates in this area have fluctuated since 3.7 Ma. Carrizo Arroyo is an east-west trending intermittent tributary to the Rio Puerco on the west side of the Rio Grande rift. It has incised deeply into the Carrizo Mesa basalt (3.7 ± 0.4 Ma) and underlying Paleozoic and Mesozoic strata exposed by the Lucero uplift. Based on the age of the Carrizo Mesa basalt and its height above the modern streambed (~ 183 m), Carrizo Arroyo incised at a minimum long-term average of 50 m/my over the history of the arroyo. Since the deposition of the basalt, terraces of abandoned river deposits were deposited at different elevations above the modern stream in Carrizo Arroyo. These terraces contain travertine as both flowstone and gravel-coating cement. We used the travertine in these terrace remnants to calculate late Pliocene and Quaternary incision rates since 3.7 Ma using the U-series radiogenic method. The terraces with travertine deposits located at 2, 18, and 130 m above the present stream give U-series and model ages of 3 ka ±0.015 ka, 170-180 ka ±1 ka, and 1180 ka ±440 ka, respectively. This indicates that the drainage incised at an average rate of ~19 m/my from 3.7 Ma to 1180 ka, but subsequent incision increased dramati - cally to ~150 m/my. The nearby lower Rio Puerco shows a similar incision history, with increased incision rates around 1 Ma. This regional trend may reflect: (1) climatic changes, which resulted in more erosive conditions during the late Pleistocene, (2) surface uplift due to Quaternary volcanism and mantle driven uplift associated with the Jemez lineament, and/or (3) integration of the Rio Grande system through the Albuquerque Basin.","PeriodicalId":367315,"journal":{"name":"Geology of Route 66 Region: Flagstaff to Grants","volume":"223 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122812612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Third-day road log: Pre-trip - From El Rancho Hotel, Gallup, NM to Northwest Regional Visitor's Center in Grants, NM","authors":"K. Zeigler, J. Timmons, S. Semken","doi":"10.56577/ffc-64.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/ffc-64.50","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":367315,"journal":{"name":"Geology of Route 66 Region: Flagstaff to Grants","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129768220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-meeting road log: Flagstaff to Grand Canyon Visitor Center via Highways 180 and 64","authors":"W. Duffield","doi":"10.56577/ffc-64.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/ffc-64.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":367315,"journal":{"name":"Geology of Route 66 Region: Flagstaff to Grants","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127044259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uranium resources in the Grants uranium district, New Mexico: An update","authors":"V. McLemore, B. Hill, Niranjan Khalsa, Susan A. Lucas Kamat","doi":"10.56577/ffc-64.117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/ffc-64.117","url":null,"abstract":"The Grants uranium district, which extends from east of Laguna to west of Gallup in the San juan Basin is probably 4th in total historical world production behind east Germany, the athabasca Basin in Canada, and South africa. Sandstone uranium deposits account for the majority of the uranium production from the Grants district and the most significant deposits are those in the Morrison Formation, specifically the Westwater Canyon Member, where more than 169,500 short tons of u3o8 were produced from 1950 to 2002. At least 114 major mines and undeveloped deposits are found in eight subdistricts in the Grants district, but only four projects offer the potential to produce in the near-term: Roca Honda, Mount Taylor, La jara Mesa, and Church Rock Section 8. although deposits currently producing elsewhere tend to be higher grade and/or larger tonnage, the Grants district still contains a large enough resource to have a major impact on the global uranium supply. The economic feasibility of mining a number of these deposits will increase with the licensing and construction of a regional mill, improved in situ recovery technologies, decreasing production costs, and an increase in world-wide uranium consumption.","PeriodicalId":367315,"journal":{"name":"Geology of Route 66 Region: Flagstaff to Grants","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132471707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering local landscape stability and surficial processes at a paleovalley margin during a pluvial-interpluvial transition, central New Mexico","authors":"D. Koning, C. Cikoski, N. Dunbar","doi":"10.56577/ffc-64.181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/ffc-64.181","url":null,"abstract":"—We utilize sedimentologic and stratigraphic relations in an exposure containing the Lava Creek B ash to inter- pret surficial processes and local landscape stability during a pluvial-interpluvial paleoclimate change. The exposure of interest shows paleotopography along the southwestern valley margin of the Rio Puerco, a 250 km-long tributary of the Rio Grande that did not experience glaciation in its headwaters. Several previous studies support the premise that the 0.639 Ma Lava Creek B ash fell at a glacial-interglacial transition (Marine Oxygen Isotope Stages 16-15). Five incision-backfilling events occurred during a poorly constrained time interval (probably 104 to 105 yrs) prior to ash emplacement; the two younger fills contain coarser alluvium and more evidence of local mass wasting than the three older fills. The voluminous Lava Creek B ash induced an abrupt switch from hillslope and valley floor erosion, which had produced 15-18 m of paleotopographic relief, to long-term aggradation of the valley floor. After ash emplacment, there was a brief (~100-1000 yr) episode of relative landscape stability and low aggradation rates, in which parts of the valley bottom experienced bioturbation and weak pedogenesis. Meanwhile, a mantle of ash and ashy colluvium was preserved on northeast-facing hillslopes. After this brief period of relative landscape stability, the Rio Puerco valley bottom experienced higher deposition rates, initially accompanied by a large component of tributary-derived sediment, which on-lapped the ash-mantled paleo-hillslopes and produced >25 m of alluvial fill thickness. Tributary sediment would have been eroded from local hillslopes or upstream alluvial storage, but hillslope erosion is not evident at our site -- perhaps because of the northeast aspect of the paleo-hillslopes. If the latter two of the pre-ash cut-and-fills are related to a full-pluvial climate, then such a climate promoted hillslope mass-wasting and alluvial storage in headwater gullies. Hillslope erosion characterized the initial pluvial-interpluvial transition, possibly because of higher intensity precipitation events and/or less effective vegetative cover, which delivered more sediment to the valley bottoms than the Rio Puerco could transport downstream (even though it had more competency than the modern river). This resulted in significant aggradation during the pluvial-interpluvial transition. Finer-grained aggradation possibly continued into the drier full-interglacial, based on analogy to the Holocene, but these inferred, fine-grained deposits were later eroded.","PeriodicalId":367315,"journal":{"name":"Geology of Route 66 Region: Flagstaff to Grants","volume":"498 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134395483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A short history of ideas on the origin of the Grand Canyon","authors":"W. Ranney","doi":"10.56577/ffc-64.167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/ffc-64.167","url":null,"abstract":"—For as well known and highly regarded as the Grand Canyon is, its precise age and the specific processes involved in its formation remain somewhat elusive to the geologist. This is not due to a lack of trying, for the great gorge has been the subject of passionate inquiry since John Strong Newberry first laid eyes on it over 155 years ago. Research into the canyon’s origin has accelerated greatly since the turn of the millennium and a survey of the ever evolving ideas related to its development can serve to frame the foundations of many modern proposals. Historic ideas on the canyon’s origin gener- ally sought to relate the deeply dissected modern landscape (that continues to captivate practically anyone who encounters it), with the possible evolution of the Colorado River. The earliest geologists however, could not perceive of the dynamism that can be involved in a rivers’ history, nor could they benefit from a larger understanding of the tectonic evolution of the American Cordillera. It took nearly seventy years of research before definitive evidence was found that showed that the modern Colorado River, one that begins in the Rocky Mountains and drains across the elevated Colorado Plateau to the foundered Basin and Range and the Gulf of California, might actually be one of the younger geologic features found upon the southwestern landscape. Since this relative youthfulness of the river has been detected, myriad searches for prior ancestors, cut-off chan-nels, past configurations, or flow reversals have been postulated, presented, debated upon and accepted or rejected. Ideas that the river and canyon might be as old as the Laramide Orogeny have never gone away but consensus points to younger dates. A familiarity with historic theories for how the Grand Canyon and Colorado River evolved is presented below to help to frame modern debate.","PeriodicalId":367315,"journal":{"name":"Geology of Route 66 Region: Flagstaff to Grants","volume":"25 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125677509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Third-day road log: Post-meeting optional road log - Grants to the Rio Puerco","authors":"C. Cikoski, Dan K. Koning, K. Zeigler, J. Timmons","doi":"10.56577/ffc-64.86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/ffc-64.86","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":367315,"journal":{"name":"Geology of Route 66 Region: Flagstaff to Grants","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122997466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recharge sources and characteristics of springs on the Zuni Reservation, New Mexico","authors":"P. Drakos, J. Riesterer, K. Bemis","doi":"10.56577/ffc-64.205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/ffc-64.205","url":null,"abstract":"—Relatively high-volume springs (100-300 gpm; 6-19 l/s) discharge from the Permian San Andres-Glorieta (Psg) aquifer and interconnected Quaternary alluvium and fractured basalt (Qal/Qb) aquifers on the Zuni Reservation in west-central New Mexico. Psg springs in the Nutria area, near the recharge source in the Zuni Mountains, exhibit a mixture of modern (<5-10 year old) and pre-1952 recharge, indicating spring discharge from shallow and deep circulation systems near the mountain front. Psg springs in the Ojo Caliente area are fen-type springs that represent predominantly or entirely pre- 1952 recharge. Stable isotope ( δ 18 O and δ 2 H) data are consistent with high elevation, winter precipitation recharge for Nutria Psg springs and a lower elevation North Plains/Continental Divide recharge source southeast of the reservation for the Ojo Caliente springs. Alluvial springs in the Black Rock area exhibit lower-elevation, modern recharge, whereas discharge from Pescado-area alluvial springs exhibit higher-elevation, predominantly pre-1952 recharge. The recharge source for Pescado springs is likely winter precipitation in the Zuni Mountains, whereas Black Rock alluvial springs have local recharge sources on uplands within the reservation. Springs in both areas discharge from an interconnected alluvial/fractured basalt flow system. Springs discharging from the Rock Point Fm/Zuni sandstone aquifer exhibit variable recharge, with some receiving rapid recharge from winter precipitation and others receiving older recharge from summer monsoonal precipitation. Spring discharge measurements collected during 2007-2009, when compared to earlier studies by Orr (1987) and Summers (1972), suggest a generally declining trend in spring flows between 1972 and 2009. This apparent decline in spring discharge could be due to increased groundwater diversions in the Zuni Mountains, Zuni River basin, and regionally in the Psg aquifer, fluctuations in precipitation, variations in measurement methodologies, or a combination of these factors. Increasing spring flows after 2009 correspond to above-normal winter precipitation, particularly snow moisture content, recorded at one precipi tation station and three snow courses in the recharge area.","PeriodicalId":367315,"journal":{"name":"Geology of Route 66 Region: Flagstaff to Grants","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124752906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geology and mineral resources in the Zuni Mountains mining district, Cibola County, New Mexico: Revisitied","authors":"V. McLemore","doi":"10.56577/ffc-64.131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/ffc-64.131","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":367315,"journal":{"name":"Geology of Route 66 Region: Flagstaff to Grants","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123943224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}