Matthew J. Parkinson, R. Bornat, Cristiano Calcagno
{"title":"Variables as Resource in Hoare Logics","authors":"Matthew J. Parkinson, R. Bornat, Cristiano Calcagno","doi":"10.1109/LICS.2006.52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LICS.2006.52","url":null,"abstract":"Hoare logic is bedevilled by complex but coarse side conditions on the use of variables. We define a logic, free of side conditions, which permits more precise statements of a program's use of variables. We show that it admits translations of proofs in Hoare logic, thereby showing that nothing is lost, and also that it admits proofs of some programs outside the scope of Hoare logic. We include a treatment of reference parameters and global variables in procedure call (though not of parameter aliasing). Our work draws on ideas from separation logic: program variables are treated as resource rather than as logical variables in disguise. For clarity we exclude a treatment of the heap","PeriodicalId":367210,"journal":{"name":"21st Annual IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science (LICS'06)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121282306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On Tractability and Congruence Distributivity","authors":"E. Kiss, M. Valeriote","doi":"10.2168/LMCS-3(2:6)2007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2168/LMCS-3(2:6)2007","url":null,"abstract":"Constraint languages that arise from finite algebras have recently been the object of study, especially in connection with the dichotomy conjecture of Feder and Vardi. An important class of algebras are those that generate congruence distributive varieties and included among this class are lattices, and more generally, those algebras that have near-unanimity term operations. An algebra will generate a congruence distributive variety if and only if it has a sequence of ternary term operations, called Jonsson terms, that satisfy certain equations. We prove that constraint languages consisting of relations that are invariant under a short sequence of Jonsson terms are tractable by showing that such languages have bounded width. Consequently, the class of instances of the constraint satisfaction problem arising from such a constraint language that fail to have solutions is definable in Datalog","PeriodicalId":367210,"journal":{"name":"21st Annual IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science (LICS'06)","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126598745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Dawar, Martin Grohe, S. Kreutzer, Nicole Schweikardt
{"title":"Approximation Schemes for First-Order Definable Optimisation Problems","authors":"A. Dawar, Martin Grohe, S. Kreutzer, Nicole Schweikardt","doi":"10.1109/LICS.2006.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LICS.2006.13","url":null,"abstract":"Let phi(X) be a first-order formula in the language of graphs that has a free set variable X, and assume that X only occurs positively in phi(X). Then a natural minimisation problem associated with phi(X) is to find, in a given graph G, a vertex set S of minimum size such that G satisfies phi(S). Similarly, if X only occurs negatively in phi(X), then phi(X) defines a maximisation problem. Many well-known optimisation problems are first-order definable in this sense, for example, minimum dominating set or maximum independent set. We prove that for each class Gscr of graphs with excluded minors, in particular for each class of planar graphs, the restriction of a first-order definable optimisation problem to the class Gscr has a polynomial time approximation scheme. A crucial building block of the proof of this approximability result is a version of Gaifman's locality theorem for formulas positive in a set variable. This result may be of independent interest","PeriodicalId":367210,"journal":{"name":"21st Annual IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science (LICS'06)","volume":"130 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131114854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Palamidessi, V. Saraswat, F. Valencia, B. Victor
{"title":"On the Expressiveness of Linearity vs Persistence in the Asychronous Pi-Calculus","authors":"C. Palamidessi, V. Saraswat, F. Valencia, B. Victor","doi":"10.1109/LICS.2006.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LICS.2006.39","url":null,"abstract":"We present an expressiveness study of linearity and persistence of processes. We choose the pi-calculus, one of the main representatives of process calculi, as a framework to conduct our study. We consider four fragments of the pi-calculus. Each one singles out a natural source of linearity/persistence also present in other frameworks such as concurrent constraint programming (CCP), linear CCP, and several calculi for security. The study is presented by providing (or proving the non-existence of) encodings among the fragments, a processes-as-formulae interpretation and a reduction from, Minsky machines","PeriodicalId":367210,"journal":{"name":"21st Annual IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science (LICS'06)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115354790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Memoryful Branching-Time Logic","authors":"O. Kupferman, Moshe Y. Vardi","doi":"10.1109/LICS.2006.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LICS.2006.34","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional branching-time logics such as CTL* are memoryless: once a path in the computation tree is quantified at a given node, the computation that led to that node is forgotten. Recent work in planning suggests that CTL* cannot easily express temporal goals that refer to whole computations. Such goals require memoryful quantification of paths. With such a memoryful quantification, Epsi holds at a node s of a computation tree if there is a path pi starting at the root of the tree and going through s such that pi satisfies the linear-time formula psi. We define the memoryful branching-time logic mCTL* and study its expressive power and algorithmic properties. We show that mCTL* is as expressive, but exponentially more succinct, than CTL*, and that the ability of mCTL* to refer to the present is essential for this equivalence. From the algorithmic point of view, while the satisfiability problem for mCTL* is 2EXPTIME-complete - not harder than that of CTL*, its model-checking problem is EXPSPACE-complete - exponentially harder than that of CTL*. The upper bounds are obtained by extending the automata-theoretic approach to handle memoryful quantification, and are much more efficient than these obtained by translating mCTL* to branching logics with past. The EXPSPACE lower bound for the model-checking problem applies already to formulas of restricted form (in particular, to AGEpsi, which is useful for specifying possibility properties), and implies that reasoning about a memoryful branching-time logic is harder than reasoning about the linear-time logic of its path formulas","PeriodicalId":367210,"journal":{"name":"21st Annual IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science (LICS'06)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125198262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Normalisation is Insensible to lambda-Term Identity or Difference","authors":"M. Tatsuta, M. Dezani-Ciancaglini","doi":"10.1109/LICS.2006.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LICS.2006.36","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyses the computational behaviour of lambda-term applications. The properties we are interested in are weak normalisation (i.e. there is a terminating reduction) and strong normalisation (i.e. all reductions are terminating). One can prove that the application of a lambda-term M to a fixed number n of copies of the same arbitrary strongly normalising lambda-term is strongly normalising if and only if the application of M to n different arbitrary strongly normalising lambda-terms is strongly normalising, i.e. one has that M (X ... X)/n is strongly normalising, for an arbitrary strongly normalising X, if and only if MX1...Xn is strongly normalising for arbitrary strongly normalising X1, ..., Xn. The analogous property holds when replacing strongly normalising by weakly normalising. As an application of the result on strong normalisation the lambda-terms whose interpretation is the top element (in the environment which associates the top element to all variables) of the Honsell-Lenisa model turn out to be exactly the lambda-terms which, applied to an arbitrary number of strongly normalising lambda-terms, always produces strongly normalising lambda-terms. This proof uses a finitary logical description of the model by means of intersection types. This answers an open question stated by Dezani, Honsell and Motohama","PeriodicalId":367210,"journal":{"name":"21st Annual IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science (LICS'06)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134239722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Temporal Logics and Model Checking for Fairly Correct Systems","authors":"Daniele Varacca, H. Völzer","doi":"10.1109/LICS.2006.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LICS.2006.49","url":null,"abstract":"We motivate and study a generic relaxation of correctness of reactive and concurrent systems with respect to a temporal specification. We define a system to be fairly correct if there exists a fairness assumption under which it satisfies its specification. Equivalently, a system is fairly correct if the set of runs satisfying the specification is large from a topological point of view, i.e., it is a co-meager set. We compare topological largeness with its more popular sibling, probabilistic largeness, where a specification is probabilistically large if the set of runs satisfying the specification has probability 1. We show that topological and probabilistic largeness of omega-regular specifications coincide for bounded Borel measures on finite-state systems. As a corollary, we show that, for specifications expressed in LTL or by Buchi automata, checking that a finite-state system is fairly correct has the same complexity as checking that it is correct. Finally we study variants of the logics CTL and CTL*, where the 'for all runs' quantifier is replaced by a 'for a large set of runs' quantifier. We show that the model checking complexity for these variants is the same as for the original logics","PeriodicalId":367210,"journal":{"name":"21st Annual IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science (LICS'06)","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124510198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Provable Implementations of Security Protocols","authors":"A. Gordon","doi":"10.1109/LICS.2006.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LICS.2006.43","url":null,"abstract":"The author implements the relatively new enterprise of adapting formal methods for security to work on code instead of abstract models. The goal is to lower the practical cost of security protocol verification by eliminating the need to write a separate formal model. The main technical content is on extracting pi-calculus models from protocol implementation code. Our software is developed in the functional language F#, a dialect of ML","PeriodicalId":367210,"journal":{"name":"21st Annual IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science (LICS'06)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116878527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Head Normal Form Bisimulation for Pairs and the lambdamu-Calculus","authors":"Søren B. Lassen","doi":"10.1109/LICS.2006.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LICS.2006.29","url":null,"abstract":"Bohm tree equivalence up to possibly infinite eta expansion for the pure lambda-calculus can be characterized as a bisimulation equivalence. We call this co-inductive syntactic theory extensional head normal form bisimilarity and in this paper we extend it to the lambdaFP-calculus (the lambda-calculus with functional and surjective pairing) and to two untyped variants of Parigot's lambdamu-calculus. We relate the extensional head normal form bisimulation theories for the different calculi via Fujita's extensional CPS transform into the lambdaFP-calculus. We prove that extensional hnf bisimilarity is fully abstract for the pure lambda-calculus by a co-inductive reformulation of Barendregt's proof for Bohm tree equivalence up to possibly infinite eta expansion. The proof uses the so-called Bohm-out technique from Bohm's proof of the separation property for the lambda-calculus. Moreover, we extend the full abstraction result to extensional hnf bisimilarity for the lambdaFP-calculus. For the \"standard\" lambdamu-calculus, the separation property fails, as shown by David and Py, and for the same reason extensional hnf bisimilarity is not fully abstract. However, an \"extended\" variant of the lambdamu-calculus satisfies the separation property, as shown by Saurin, and we show that extensional hnf bisimilarity is fully abstract for this extended lambdamu-calculus","PeriodicalId":367210,"journal":{"name":"21st Annual IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science (LICS'06)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127745102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bounds in w-Regularity","authors":"M. Bojanczyk, Thomas Colcombet","doi":"10.1109/LICS.2006.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LICS.2006.17","url":null,"abstract":"We consider an extension of omega-regular expressions where two new variants of the Kleene star L* are added: LB and LS . These exponents act as the standard star, but restrict the number of iterations to be bounded (for LB) or to tend toward infinity (for LS). These expressions can define languages that are not omega-regular. We develop a theory for these languages. We study the decidability and closure questions. We also define an equivalent automaton model, extending Buchi automata. This culminates with a - partial -complementation result","PeriodicalId":367210,"journal":{"name":"21st Annual IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science (LICS'06)","volume":"197 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114350511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}