Journal of New Zealand Grasslands最新文献_第2页

Pasture growth curve impacts the economic merit of extended lactation: a simulation study 牧草生长曲线对延长哺乳经济效益的影响:模拟研究

Journal of New Zealand Grasslands Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.33584/jnzg.2023.85.3631

Lydia Farrell, Kirsty Verhoek, Paul Edwards

{"title":"Pasture growth curve impacts the economic merit of extended lactation: a simulation study","authors":"Lydia Farrell, Kirsty Verhoek, Paul Edwards","doi":"10.33584/jnzg.2023.85.3631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33584/jnzg.2023.85.3631","url":null,"abstract":"Voluntarily increasing the calving interval beyond 12-months (extended lactation; EL) has possible benefits in reducing labour requirements, herd replacement rate, and surplus calf numbers. With limited information on feed balance and economic effects with EL, reductions in profitability were hypothesised. A MS Excel spreadsheet model was developed to compare calving systems: spring calving annually (Base), two herds between spring and autumn calving with 18-month calving intervals (EL18), or two herds calving in alternating springs with 24-month intervals (EL24). Weekly feed balances using pasture growth curves for four regions (Northland, Waikato, Canterbury, Southland) and partial budget analysis informed estimations of supplement costs and net income (NI). The EL24 system had lower supplement costs (-$240 /ha) and higher NI (+$439 /ha) than the Base system for Northland only. The EL18 systemalways had the highest annual milk production and total revenue, but highest supplement costs and lowest NI in the four regions. Replacement, calving, and mating costs were lower for EL systems than Base; however, costs for milking and repairs and maintenance were higher. This preliminary study indicates there is merit in investigating EL systems, particularly for Northland. Further data from EL systems are needed to increase confidence in the system’s potential.","PeriodicalId":36573,"journal":{"name":"Journal of New Zealand Grasslands","volume":" 603","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135186098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Genetic modification – benefits and risks for New Zealand grassland production systems 基因改造-新西兰草地生产系统的利益和风险

Journal of New Zealand Grasslands Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.33584/jnzg.2023.85.3654

John Caradus

{"title":"Genetic modification – benefits and risks for New Zealand grassland production systems","authors":"John Caradus","doi":"10.33584/jnzg.2023.85.3654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33584/jnzg.2023.85.3654","url":null,"abstract":"Fundamentally plant breeding is about expanding and exploiting the genetic potential of plants (Stoskopf et al. 2019). Over time this has included amongst others phenotypic selection, mutagenesis, genetic modification (GM) and now gene editing (Bowerman et al. 2023). In many crop species genetic modification has been a valuable option for delivering improved economic and environmental outcomes. However, while genetic modification has been extensively used in crops for 25 years it has rarely been a technology used to advance trait expression in forage and grassland species. Worldwide, GM technologies have been adopted at a faster rate than any other recent crop technology (Raman 2017; Scheitrum et al. 2020). Despite the large government investment into GM technologies for use in grass and forage plants it has not used outside of containment in New Zealand (Caradus 2008). The aim here is to review why New Zealand has been so reluctant to use GM technologies as another means of providing solutions for the pastoral sector. Traits manipulated using a range of genetic modification techniques that might have application and benefit in grassland systems will be reviewed, and regulatory concerns that need to be considered when adopting GM forage and pasture plants will be discussed. Interestingly, 70 to 90% of GM crop production globally is used for animal feed (Flachowsky et al. 2012; Ritchie and Roser 2021). So if animals across the world, including those in USA, China and Europe are being fed GM crops (Baulcombe et al. 2014) why would New Zealand be concerned about using GM pasture plants? Although over a decade old, a useful summary of views from a variety of stakeholders is provided by the New Zealand Institute of Agricultural & Horticultural Science (AgScience 2010).","PeriodicalId":36573,"journal":{"name":"Journal of New Zealand Grasslands","volume":" 1046","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135186199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Understanding pathways of digital technology development to improve farm sustainability and resilience. 了解数字技术发展的途径，以提高农场的可持续性和复原力。

Journal of New Zealand Grasslands Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.33584/jnzg.2023.85.3661

David Stevens, Warren McG. King, Esther D. Meenken, Jamie F. Ward

{"title":"Understanding pathways of digital technology development to improve farm sustainability and resilience.","authors":"David Stevens, Warren McG. King, Esther D. Meenken, Jamie F. Ward","doi":"10.33584/jnzg.2023.85.3661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33584/jnzg.2023.85.3661","url":null,"abstract":"We explored potential pathways of digital technologies to improve both resilience and sustainability outcomes in grazing systems by investigating the development requirements of virtual herding technologies. We used a Lead User group familiar with virtual herding technology to examine the question “after virtual herding has been successfully adopted, what will the future look like”? This group included agribusiness, industry, corporate farm management, farmers, and science. A brainstorming approach generated ideas. A horizontal prototype was built by clustering ideas into themes of the technology itself, requirements of people, applications, and outcomes, allocated to short-, medium-, and long-term timeframes. Steps required for technology development included: production of a minimum viable product, integration of sensors, and the addition of landscape digitisation. The requirements/impacts on people identified training and awareness, development of skills and labour requirements, and the changing roles of people in the landscape as a progression of change. Applications included productivity, environmental protection, landscape development and enterprise change. A range of requirements were identified within each of these steps and categories. The development of a vision of future technology use provides insight into the complexity of developing digital technologies for sheep and beef farming applications.","PeriodicalId":36573,"journal":{"name":"Journal of New Zealand Grasslands","volume":" 1045","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135186200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Challenges and opportunities for conducting on-farm research 开展农场研究的挑战和机遇

Journal of New Zealand Grasslands Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.33584/jnzg.2023.85.3659

Graeme Doole, Katherine Tozer, Christian Sauermann, David Stevens, Jamie Ward

{"title":"Challenges and opportunities for conducting on-farm research","authors":"Graeme Doole, Katherine Tozer, Christian Sauermann, David Stevens, Jamie Ward","doi":"10.33584/jnzg.2023.85.3659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33584/jnzg.2023.85.3659","url":null,"abstract":"Availability of research farms owned by research institutions is declining due to their high operational cost, asset value, and limited distribution. The goals of this paper are to review their role and value in pastoral science and to identify challenges and opportunities for on-farm research. Research and commercial farms as trial sites may be mutually exclusive, complementary, or substitutes. Research farms are essential where science requires expensive facilities and/or rigorous control to maintain ethics and quality commitments. They can also provide information independent of scientific and commercial bias. Commercial farms provide access to more diversity, help scientists understand benefits and identify and resolve on-farm issues, and build industry credibility. Since the number of research farms is unlikely to increase, several lessons are important. Delivery, ethical, and science quality risks can accrue when the full cost of working with commercial farms is not considered or work most suited to a research farm is conducted in a commercial setting. Improved integration with farms owned by educational institutions; private trusts; regional and national government; and commercial companies offers opportunities for efficiency improvements. When working with commercial farmers, clear communication, flexible protocols, frequent oversight, and mutual respect are essential to maintain science quality. Paying farmers under a contractual agreement appears pragmatic. The value of opportunities to build farmer and researcher capability in the context of field experiments on research and commercial farms is identified.","PeriodicalId":36573,"journal":{"name":"Journal of New Zealand Grasslands","volume":" 1034","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135186062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pukekauri farm – snapshots from a sustainability journey Pukekauri农场——可持续发展之旅的快照

Journal of New Zealand Grasslands Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.33584/jnzg.2023.85.3665

Michael Dodd, Rick Burke, John Burke, Phil Journeaux, Katherine Tozer

{"title":"Pukekauri farm – snapshots from a sustainability journey","authors":"Michael Dodd, Rick Burke, John Burke, Phil Journeaux, Katherine Tozer","doi":"10.33584/jnzg.2023.85.3665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33584/jnzg.2023.85.3665","url":null,"abstract":"Pukekauri Farm is a 295 ha mixed livestock hill country property in the western Bay of Plenty. Over the last 20+ years the owners have been on a development journey with a focus on the multiple dimensions of sustainability – economic, environmental, and social. This paper seeks to document that journey, with supporting resource, production, financial and environmental data to quantify progress. Some of the most useful tools have included high quality forage crops, deferred grazing, sheep genetics, accounting software and paddock-scale soil and water resource maps. Key lessons include the value of knowledge networks and modelling tools, the power of a farm plan for optimising land use and management, the importance of both profitability and grants to underwrite development investment, and the emergence of secondary benefits from decisions focused on system-wide improvement. Over 20 years, despite areduction in grazed area of 20%, meat production has increased by 16%, EBITR/ha has increased by 6%, modelled net greenhouse gas emissions have declined by 60% and modelled N leaching has declined by 29%. Overall, the farm is easier to manage and more pleasant to dwell in.","PeriodicalId":36573,"journal":{"name":"Journal of New Zealand Grasslands","volume":" 1047","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135186198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Obstacles and opportunities for automation in sheep and beef farming 牛羊养殖自动化的障碍和机遇

Journal of New Zealand Grasslands Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.33584/jnzg.2023.85.3660

David Stevens, Anna L. Taylor, Tracy A Nelson

{"title":"Obstacles and opportunities for automation in sheep and beef farming","authors":"David Stevens, Anna L. Taylor, Tracy A Nelson","doi":"10.33584/jnzg.2023.85.3660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33584/jnzg.2023.85.3660","url":null,"abstract":"Automation of tasks on farm has had limited uptake in tools such as auto-weighing and auto-drafting. To develop an understanding of the range of digital tools and the potential to automate tasks in the sheep and beef industry, workshops with end-users were held in the North and South Islands of New Zealand. Current digital technology use on sheep and beef farms included 26 applications representing the categories of communications, administration, monitoring, automated tasks, decision support, prediction, and proof of placement. Obstacles included the amount of time required to either set up or support the technology once in operation. Interoperability and the transfer of information between applications and along the value chain were major obstacles to generating value from combining digital technologies. Automation of data flows along the value chain would provide a significant step forward in the uptake of digital technologies. Digital solutions to aid automation need to be interoperable, with data able to be passed between software solutions, and between users to reduce compliance time and increase accuracy of data handling. The technologies need to be appropriate to be adopted on large scales in an automated way to capture labour-saving benefits. Automation solutions need to translate data into a decision-making form to allow easy interpretation and application of data.","PeriodicalId":36573,"journal":{"name":"Journal of New Zealand Grasslands","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139280832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The case for expanding the range of subject specialists used in farm planning. 扩大在农业规划中使用的学科专家范围的案例。

Journal of New Zealand Grasslands Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.33584/jnzg.2023.85.3668

Alec Mackay, David Scobie, Rebecca Hyde, Anna Nelson

{"title":"The case for expanding the range of subject specialists used in farm planning.","authors":"Alec Mackay, David Scobie, Rebecca Hyde, Anna Nelson","doi":"10.33584/jnzg.2023.85.3668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33584/jnzg.2023.85.3668","url":null,"abstract":"We explored the merit of expanding the range of subject specialists used in farm planning. We document the outcomes for sheep and beef farmers to improve water quality and promote climate change awareness as part of the wider planning process in two community catchment groups (Hurunui District Landcare Group and King Country River Care group). We found that subject specialists added value. A land resource specialist contributed to greater precision and a more detailed description of the farms natural and built capital. This contributed to a more robust analysis and better targeting of the actions in the work programme. The terrestrial ecologist activated the link between the management of indigenous biodiversity and stream health, with resilience to future climate events. The carbon specialist created the link between tree planting and water quality outcomes because of where tree plantings were located on most farms. The carbon specialist also highlighted the option to register existing soil conservation plantings under the emissionstrading scheme, adding a revenue stream. With the subject specialist(s) as part of the wider farm team, environmental concerns are more likely to be integrated into the business plan with mitigation actions better tailored and targeted in the work programme.","PeriodicalId":36573,"journal":{"name":"Journal of New Zealand Grasslands","volume":" 1035","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135186061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Yield and growth rates of pastures grown in the Bay of Plenty region over 35 years 35年来丰盛湾地区牧草的产量和生长速度

Journal of New Zealand Grasslands Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.33584/jnzg.2023.85.3600

Derrick Moot, Carmen Teixeira, Martin Hawke

{"title":"Yield and growth rates of pastures grown in the Bay of Plenty region over 35 years","authors":"Derrick Moot, Carmen Teixeira, Martin Hawke","doi":"10.33584/jnzg.2023.85.3600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33584/jnzg.2023.85.3600","url":null,"abstract":"Bay of Plenty district, and particularly the Rotorua Lakes area, has a diverse terrain and soil types which influence pasture production. Regular measurement of pasture production enables short term decision making on a farm scale and is invaluable for catchment,district and regional long term management strategies. Thomas (Tom) M. Gee, was a retired farmer with more than 18 years of field trial experience with MAF Field Research Division. He collected data from more than 30 farms after he retired. Data from other sites in the district were collected in the early 1970s by MAF technicians stationed in Whakatane and Tauranga and later by AgResearch staff and a farm consultant based in Rotorua. Tom Gee’s mission was to use these measurements to provide farmers with rates of growth (ROG) data to inform them about their farm. The Gee farm (Fairbank) of 200 ha was originally leased from Ngati Whakaue Tribal Lands in 1916 and then purchased before much of it was sold back to the Incorporation in 1970. Tom retired in 1989 but kept meticulously recording pasture growth rates on different farms up to ~ 2007. Some field notes were lost, but datasets with gaps are still useful to assist monthly growth rates calculations. His valuable and extensive (almost 25 years) on farm field records have been retrieved, compiled, assembled, and digitised, to be saved electronically, and entered into the AgYields National Database hosted at Lincoln University. Part of this legacy dataset has been summarised and dry matter yields and growth rates calculated, consistent withprevious methods, to provide a quantified description of mean monthly pasture growth rates across the Bay of Plenty region, in New Zealand.","PeriodicalId":36573,"journal":{"name":"Journal of New Zealand Grasslands","volume":" 605","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135186097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Grazing management practices on Waikato and Canterbury dairy farms diverging in bulk milk urea content 怀卡托和坎特伯雷奶牛场的放牧管理实践在散装牛奶尿素含量方面存在差异

Journal of New Zealand Grasslands Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.33584/jnzg.2023.85.3649

Chris Glassey, Roshean Woods, Charlotte Reed, Nauvoo Puriri, Gavin Scott, Alison Hodgkinson, Racheal Bryant

{"title":"Grazing management practices on Waikato and Canterbury dairy farms diverging in bulk milk urea content","authors":"Chris Glassey, Roshean Woods, Charlotte Reed, Nauvoo Puriri, Gavin Scott, Alison Hodgkinson, Racheal Bryant","doi":"10.33584/jnzg.2023.85.3649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33584/jnzg.2023.85.3649","url":null,"abstract":"New Zealand dairy farmers have little realtime information on surplus nitrogen (N) in their herd’s diet to help manage farm-scale N loss. By understanding the influence of management on bulk milk urea (BMU), farmers could potentially use milk components to identify changes in dietary N surplus. Our study examined the relationships between grazing management and BMU concentration on 38 dairy farms selected for low or high BMU in Canterbury and Waikato. Measurements included pre- and post-grazing herbage mass, perennial ryegrass leaf stage at grazing, and botanical and chemical composition (crude protein (CP) and metabolisable energy (ME) content) of herbage on four occasions over a year. Herds with Low BMU tended to graze pastures with a greater pre-grazing herbage mass (+153 kg DM/ha), a more advanced leaf stage (+0.13 number of leaves), and longer grazing intervals (+11 days). Consistent with this, herbage on Low BMU farms had lower CP (-2.7%) compared with High BMU farms. We identified grazing management differences between Low and High BMU groups, which could be linked to reductions in N surplus in the herd’s diet through the lower CP% of pasture offered. Future work should determine the importance of this in relation to other farm management factors such assupplement and N fertiliser use.","PeriodicalId":36573,"journal":{"name":"Journal of New Zealand Grasslands","volume":" 602","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135186099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The impact of a forage plant breeder – the story of Herrick Sydney (Syd) Easton (1946 - 2023) 牧草育种家的影响——赫里克·西德尼·伊斯顿(1946 - 2023)的故事

Journal of New Zealand Grasslands Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.33584/jnzg.2023.85.3653

John Caradus, John Hay, Phil Rolston, David Hume, Marty Faville, Derek Woodfield

{"title":"The impact of a forage plant breeder – the story of Herrick Sydney (Syd) Easton (1946 - 2023)","authors":"John Caradus, John Hay, Phil Rolston, David Hume, Marty Faville, Derek Woodfield","doi":"10.33584/jnzg.2023.85.3653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33584/jnzg.2023.85.3653","url":null,"abstract":"Herrick Sydney (Syd) Easton was a forage plant breeder for 46 years. He bred at least 11 forage cultivars, in ryegrass, tall fescue and lucerne that were successfully licensed and commercialised, and he was a key part of the team that developed the successful Epichloë fungal endophyte products ‘Endosafe’, AR1, AR37, and ‘MaxP’ (‘MaxQ’ in USA). Syd’s development of measurement techniques and documentation of genetic variation for potentially valuable novel traits has been detailed in 130 refereed and significant publications, and he was an inventor or co-inventor of 13 patents and/or Plant Variety Rights. Syd made an important contribution in the understanding of endophyte-ryegrass interactions. Through his innovation and leadership, he led the multi-disciplinary AgResearch endophyte research programme, coordinating and writing the first successful funding application that consolidated the team. Coming from a farming family Syd connected with farmers and understood the value of highly supportive farmers and agricultural professionals who were able to critique, understand the value of and use the technologies and knowledge delivered from the science research he was involved with. Like many others in the agricultural research profession, he gained immense satisfaction from seeing technologies resulting from his research being used on New Zealand farms.","PeriodicalId":36573,"journal":{"name":"Journal of New Zealand Grasslands","volume":" 1044","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135186201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0