Medico-Biological and Socio-Psychological Issues of Safety in Emergency Situations最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of the intestinal microbiota in operational staff of the Russian EMERCOM working in the Arctic zone of Russia","authors":"I. Shantyr, G. G. Rodionov, M. Sannikov, E. V. Svetkina, E. Kolobova","doi":"10.25016/2541-7487-2022-0-2-72-81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25016/2541-7487-2022-0-2-72-81","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. Professional activity of operational staff of the Russian EMERCOM in the Arctic zone is associated with adaptive changes in the body resulting in changes in all types of metabolism, appearance of functional abnormalities and, without proper correction, development of various diseases. The complex system of metabolic interaction between humans and the microbiota is well described by the “microbiota-gut-brain” axis, which includes endocrine, immune, and neurohumoral pathways. Dysfunction of this axis in humans may be involved in pathogenesis of various diseases and somatic psychoneurological disorders.Intention is to study features of the intestinal microbiota in operational staff of the Russian EMERCOM working in the adverse conditions of the Arctic zone.Methodology. A study group included 94 firefighters and rescuers of the Russian EMERCOM working in the Arctic zone of Russia and was divided into subgroups depending on relevant work experience (0–5 years, 6–10 years, 11 years and more), as well as on age (22–35 years and 36–56 years). A control group included 98 rescue workers from the North-West regional search and rescue team and employees of the territorial fire departments of St. Petersburg (males aged 32.1 ± 0.5 years). Quantity and composition of the parietal intestinal microbiota were assessed based on microbial markers in the blood plasma using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.Results and Discussion. Negative changes in the quantity and structure of the parietal intestinal microbiota were revealed in operational staff of the Russian EMERCOM working in the Arctic zone of Russia as compared with the control group: the total number of microbial markers was reduced by 34 %, beneficial flora – by 44 %, opportunistic flora – by 10 %, aerobes – by 25 %, anaerobes – by 32 %. In the structure of beneficial microflora, the proportion of Lactobacillus was 1.5 times greater and the proportion of Bifidobacterium was 3 times fewer. The most pronounced changes in the intestinal microbiota with increase of work experience were found in rescuer workers (a decrease in opportunistic flora and aerobes, an increase in the ratio of anaerobic to aerobic flora). According to the Kruskal–Wallace test, the amount of microbial markers of Bifidobacterium, Propionibacterium/Cl. Subterminale, aerobes, endotoxin, as well as the ratio of anaerobic to aerobic flora depends on the work experience of operational staff of the Russian EMERCOM working in the Arctic zone of Russia.Conclusion. Ecological and professional stress in operational staff of the Russian EMERCOM working in the Arctic zone disturbs trophism of various types of endogenous microflora and its regulatory relationships with the human body and, hence, results in quantitative and qualitative changes in the composition of the microflora.","PeriodicalId":36526,"journal":{"name":"Medico-Biological and Socio-Psychological Issues of Safety in Emergency Situations","volume":"268 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79842249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pokazateli proizvodstvennogo travmatizma lichnogo sostava operativnykh podrazdelenii MChS Rossii za 10 let (2012–2021 gg.)","authors":"V. I. Evdokimov, E. V. Bobrinev, A. A. Kondashov, N. A. Pankratov","doi":"10.25016/2541-7487-2022-0-2-5-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25016/2541-7487-2022-0-2-5-21","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. The extreme conditions of activity of the personnel of operational units of the EMERCOM of Russia, carrying out duty for urgent mitigation of consequences of accidents, disasters, fires and other emergency situations (ES), likely cause excessive consumption of the body functional reserves, occurrence of erroneous actions, injuries and even death.Intention is to analyze rates of occupational injuries in personnel of operational units of the EMERCOM of Russia for 10 years (2012–2021).Methodology. Indicators of injuries among personnel (military personnel, employees with special ranks, and other employees) of operational units of the EMERCOM of Russia in 2012–2015 were obtained from the bank of statistical data on morbidity, injuries, disability and death of personnel of the EMERCOM of Russia when performing official duties; in 2016– 2021 – from report forms for the EMERCOM of Russia. Injuries were correlated with activities of the personnel: liquidation of the consequences of emergencies, training, sports and daily activities. Circumstances of injury were grouped by causes as follows: technical, organizational, psycho-physiological and dangerous factors of emergency situations. Rates of occupational injuries were calculated per 10 thousand (×10–4) personnel. This represented risks of personnel of operational units of the EMERCOM of Russia to be injured on the duty. Arithmetic means and their errors (M ± m) are indicated.Results and Discussion. During 2012–2021, 2471 injuries on the duty were reported among the personnel of operational units of the EMERCOM of Russia with rates of occupational injuries (11.57 ± 0.68) • 10–4; for male Russian workers over 9 years (2012–2020) these rates were statistically significantly (p < 0.01) higher (16.89 ± 1.14) • 10–4. Rates of occupational injuries decrease over time. The congruence of injury rates for 9 years is strong, positive and statistically significant (r = 0.816; p < 0.01), which may indicate influence of similar (unidirectional) factors in the development of injuries. In the general group of personnel, technical causes accounted for 2.6% of injuries with an injury rate of (0.30 ± 0.08) • 10–4; organizational ones, 13.9 % and (1.60 ± 0.14) • 10–4, psychophysiological ones, 60.5 % and (6.98 ± 0.47) • 10–4; dangerous factors of emergency situations, 23 % and (2.68 ± 0.30) • 10–4, respectively. Rates of occupational injuries among the EMERCOM of Russia personnel amounted to (4.46 ± 0.38) • 10–4; (2.13 ± 0.18) • 10–4; (4.98 ± 0.46) • 10–4 during operational activities, training and sports, and daily activities, respectively. Proportions and rates of injuries were 66.7% and (11.45 ± 0.83) • 10–4; 3.7 % and (6.37 ± 0.74) • 10–4; 14.2 % and (12.63 ± 1.47)• 10–4; 17.2 % and (12.88 ± 1.01) • 10–4, respectively, among the operational, prevention-oriented, technical and administrative personnel of the EMERCOM of Russia. Occupational injuries among the personnel of operational units of the EMERCOM of Ru","PeriodicalId":36526,"journal":{"name":"Medico-Biological and Socio-Psychological Issues of Safety in Emergency Situations","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84959236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of attitudes to vaccination against COVID-19 in personnel of rescue military formations of the EMERCOM of Russia","authors":"P. Avitisov, D. N. Belova, R. K. Nazyrov","doi":"10.25016/2541-7487-2022-0-1-101-108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25016/2541-7487-2022-0-1-101-108","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. Uncertainty and inconsistency of information related to the new coronavirus infection resulted in distrust in vaccination among population of different countries worldwide. Intention: To clarify attitudes to vaccination and some reasons for refusing vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemic among military personnel. Methodology: 536 male military cadets of the university, who voluntarily underwent vaccination against COVID-19 as recommended by military authorities, were anonymously surveyed. The average age of the respondents was (21.5 ± 4.5) years. Two groups of cadets were formed: Group 1 (n = 465) with I and II category of fitness for work and Group 2 (n = 71) with III category of fitness for work according to professional psychological selection. The results were checked for the normality of distribution. Similarities (differences) in the answers between groups were assessed using χ2 criterion. Results and Discussion. A survey of military cadets revealed that professional psychological selection contributes not only to the effectiveness of professional training, but also to adherence to vaccination against COVID-19. If, according to the Russian Public Opinion Research Center, 55% of Russians have a positive attitude to being vaccinated against COVID-19, such persons amounted to 91.6% (p < 0.001) among cadets assigned to categories I-II and to 47.9% among those assigned to category III of fitness for work based on professional psychological selection. Up to 4.7% of cadets in Group 1 and 29.6% in Group 2 (p < 0.001) mentioned possible early complications during vaccination, for example, being affected by COVID-19. The authors of the vaccine also claim a small percentage of possible complications in the early post-vaccination period. In this regard, the answers of the cadets in Group 1 are quite consistent with the opinion of the scientists and developers and indicate the validity of the studies. Conclusion. Increased anxiety in a situation of uncertainty during the COVID-19 pandemic can be overcome by timely informing the public about vaccine effectiveness and contraindications by medical professionals.","PeriodicalId":36526,"journal":{"name":"Medico-Biological and Socio-Psychological Issues of Safety in Emergency Situations","volume":"152 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81723300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the global pool of dissertations in disaster medicine (1992–2020)","authors":"K. Chernov","doi":"10.25016/2541-7487-2022-0-1-126-133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25016/2541-7487-2022-0-1-126-133","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. The study of the global pool of theses and dissertations in disaster medicine can reflect the general structure of innovative research and will assist in reviewing current scientific literature in this field of knowledge. Intention is to analyze the structure and dynamics of the number of foreign dissertations in disaster medicine and compare them with similar indicators of Russian dissertations. Methodology. The object of study is the global pool of dissertations presented in the ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global electronic database, Health & Medicine section, for the period 1992-2020 and an array of domestic dissertations in the scientific specialty 05.26.02 “Safety in emergency situations” (medical, biological and psychological sciences) for 1992-2020. The quantitative indicators of foreign and Russian dissertations in emergency medicine were compared. Results and Discussion. The electronic search made it possible to find 28,423 foreign doctoral (PhD) dissertations in the problems of disaster medicine. The polynomial trend with a very high coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.97) shows an increase in the annual number of dissertations for the period 1992-2020. The average annual number of dissertations in the period under review was 980 ± 386. Dissertations described general provisions (4.7 %), tasks and organization of the disaster medicine service (8.3 %), forecasting and modeling of the health consequences of emergencies (4.8 %), organization of medical-sanitary support (18.5 %), provision of medical care and treatment of victims (14.9 %), medical control, examination and rehabilitation of rescuers (2.3 %), training of disaster medicine specialists (12.8 %), biological issues (6.2 %), psychiatric and psychological security problems (28.1 %). The general array of dissertations was analyzed by leading countries and universities. Quantity and scope of foreign dissertations on the problems of disaster medicine were compared with those of Russian dissertations over time. Conclusion. More than 95 % of the analyzed pool of disaster medicine dissertations in the ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global database are published in full text. Our study makes it possible to optimize scientific research in the field of disaster medicine and also shows possible approaches to dissertation analysis when preparing own manuscripts.","PeriodicalId":36526,"journal":{"name":"Medico-Biological and Socio-Psychological Issues of Safety in Emergency Situations","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74496871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the effectiveness of empirical and computational methods for determining volumes of blood loss in the surgical treatment of burned patients","authors":"E. V. Zinoviev, D. O. Vagner, A. E. Chukharev","doi":"10.25016/2541-7487-2022-0-1-89-94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25016/2541-7487-2022-0-1-89-94","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. The problem of determining intraoperative blood loss in combustiology remains relevant today. With the variety of existing methods of its assessment, the issue of optimizing transfusion therapy remains debatable. Intention. To evaluate effects of the eschar excision area on the complete blood count and to compare results of computational methods for determining volumes of blood loss with actual volumes of blood exfusion. Methodology. 73 burned patients were included in the retrospective study. Early surgical excision with simultaneous autodermoplasty was performed in all patients. To achieve the study purposes, the intervention areas were compared with changes in hemoglobin, hematocrit, volume and number of red blood cells. The prospective study included 20 volunteers who donated 450 ml of the whole blood. In this group, donated volumes were compared with calculated volumes of blood loss (according to PG. Budny and G.D. Warden). The data obtained were processed via Microsoft Office Excel 2007 and IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0 using descriptive, parametric and nonparametric statistics. Results and Discussion. According to the retrospective analysis, actual areas of excision were not consistently related to the changes in complete blood count in the postoperative period. Based on the results of prospective analysis, we were able to reveal correlations between actual volumes of blood loss and changes in hemoglobin concentrations in somatically healthy volunteers (by PG. Budny). There were no similar correlations between volumes of blood loss and decreased hematocrit (by G.D. Warden). Conclusion. According to the results of the study, we couldn't confirm the effectiveness of empirical methods for determining volumes of blood loss in burned patients. The PG. Budny formula gives representative results of blood loss volumes in healthy volunteers. However, the effectiveness of this method in combustiology requires further research.","PeriodicalId":36526,"journal":{"name":"Medico-Biological and Socio-Psychological Issues of Safety in Emergency Situations","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82562640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Types, conditions and forms of medical care: legal and regulatory framework, structural and functional analysis","authors":"V. Rybnikov, O. V. Leontev, N. V. Nesterenko","doi":"10.25016/2541-7487-2022-0-1-52-61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25016/2541-7487-2022-0-1-52-61","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. According to the federal regulatory and legal acts, medical care is classified depending on its types, conditions and forms of provision, and is regulated by procedures, standards and clinical recommendations. This determines the relevance of the structural and functional representation of the main classifying principles of medical care within the framework of the regulatory and legal acts in conjunction with other fundamental terms of healthcare organization. However, in scientific and methodological publications, a number of authors unreasonably use the terms “first aid”, “qualified medical care” and other medical care that do not comply with the regulatory and legal acts.Intention – To analyze the leading terms and provisions of the federal legislation by types, services and forms of medical care and related definitions of the law, presenting them as structural-logical schemes.Methodology. The legal acts that define medical care by types, services and forms of its provision are analyzed, the analysis of scientific research is carried out.Results and Discussion. In Russia, the conceptual apparatus is legally defined in relation to the term “medical care”, the criteria for its types, conditions and forms. Based on the structural-functional approach, the authors analyzed the leading terms and provisions of the healthcare legislation by types, services and forms of medical care and related definitions of the law, presenting them as structural-logical schemes.Conclusion. A detailed analysis of the key term “medical care” and related definitions as structural and functional schemes gives visual and logical presentation for better understanding and use in practical work as well as for preparation of publications.","PeriodicalId":36526,"journal":{"name":"Medico-Biological and Socio-Psychological Issues of Safety in Emergency Situations","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73711132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors of the psychological status in victims of radiation accidents, which mitigate development of psychosomatic disorders in the long term","authors":"M. Savelyeva, Y. Gudz’","doi":"10.25016/2541-7487-2022-0-1-117-125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25016/2541-7487-2022-0-1-117-125","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. In terms of environmental and social dimensions, the Chernobyl accident is the largest in the history of Russia. Radiation-hazardous incidents also occurred on nuclear submarines. The leading medical consequences of various radiation accidents in the remote period were the presence of psychosomatic pathology among the liquidators of the consequences of accidents. Intention. To determine the leading factors of psychological status among liquidators of the consequences of radiation accidents, which mitigate the development of psychosomatic disorders in the long term. Methodology. In 2019, a comprehensive in-hospital examination of 101 male liquidators of the consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant was conducted. The examined persons were (65.2 ± 0.7) years old, the average radiation dose was 18 cSv. All surveyed liquidators had somatic pathology with an important contribution of psychogenic factors (hypertension, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, gastric/duodenum ulcer etc.). The psychological status was assessed using well-known tests. As a control, we used the reference indicators of the methods for similar gender and age groups. The information obtained was checked for normality of distribution. Arithmetic mean values and their errors (M ± m) are provided. Using the factor analysis with rotation of the array, the factors of psychological status were established. Results and Discussion. It turned out that the liquidators of the consequences of the accident have lowered indicators reflecting an active life position and quality of life. When the respective accident was mentioned, they showed irritability, a feeling of tension and alertness, which indicated their anxiety-phobic experience even in the remote period after the accident. Interest in life, its emotional saturation, and self-confidence were decreased. At the same time, indicators of manipulative and antisocial actions were lower vs the control group. In the factor analysis of psychological indicators using principal components with rotation, 5 factors were formed with a total variance of 58.6 %. Factors with higher association contained psychological signs that contributed to or mitigated psychosomatic disorders as follows: Factor 1, named as “Active life position”, accounted for 31.3 % of the total variance; Factor 2 “Negative socio-psychological consequences of a radiation accident” - 10.1%; Factor 3 “Quality of life” - 8.1 %; Factor 4 “Non-constructive models of behavior in a difficult life situation” - 4.9 %; Factor 5 “Mental health” - 4.1 %. Conclusion. The factor analysis of the results from liquidators of the radiation accident helped identify the leading positive qualities and maladjustment problems that can be targets for psycho-prophylaxis.","PeriodicalId":36526,"journal":{"name":"Medico-Biological and Socio-Psychological Issues of Safety in Emergency Situations","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80100979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of consequences of local radiation injuries of varying severity","authors":"A. Kretov, I. Galstyan, A. Bushmanov","doi":"10.25016/2541-7487-2022-0-1-95-100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25016/2541-7487-2022-0-1-95-100","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. The active development of nuclear and radiation technologies and, as a result, the significant use of ionizing radiation sources in many spheres of life (national economy, science, technology, medicine, etc.) has led to a significant increase in the group of people in contact with ionizing radiation, and, accordingly, to an increase in the risk of abnormal and emergency situations with an increase in the number of victims of radiation. In the clinic of human radiation pathology, local radiation injuries are much more common than other acute radiation injuries. Intention. To determine rates of long-term radiobiological effects in patients with local radiation injuries of varying severity who underwent inpatient treatment in the Clinic of the State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency. Methodology. Rates of the consequences of local radiation lesions of varying severity were assessed based on the medical records of 146 patients who were affected by radiation accidents from 1950 to 2013 and underwent inpatient treatment in the Clinic of the State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency during the aftermath. Results and Discussion. Rates of long-term consequences were assessed depending on severity, location and size of local radiation injuries. Degrees of severity determine typical “clinical portraits” of the radiobiological consequences of local radiation injuries. Conclusion. Information about specific rates of long-term consequences of local radiation injuries can be used by healthcare professionals who care of patients affected by radiation accidents when determining adequate treatment and rehabilitation tactics for maximum preservation of working capacity in the period of consequences.","PeriodicalId":36526,"journal":{"name":"Medico-Biological and Socio-Psychological Issues of Safety in Emergency Situations","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88802940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organization of a system of medical evacuation support for victims in emergency situations at facilities and territories serviced by the of Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia in the Arctic Zone: status, problematic issues, solutions","authors":"A. Samoilov, S. Aleksanin, S. Goncharov, A. Akin’shin, N. Baranova, B. V. Bobij, P. Kotenko","doi":"10.25016/2541-7487-2022-0-1-62-73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25016/2541-7487-2022-0-1-62-73","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. Development of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation in the framework of the implementation of the provisions of the Presidential Decree No 645 of 26.10.2020 “On the Development Strategy of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation and ensuring national security until 2035” obliges to develop and to thoroughly improve the organization of medical and evacuation support of permanent and visiting population as well as of temporarily working personnel of this territory, in emergencies of different genesis.Intention. To elaborate and to substantiate the proposals on further improvement of the system of medical and evacuation support for the victims of emergencies in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation.Methodology. Normative and methodical documents regulating the organization of medical and evacuation support of the victims of emergencies in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation, results of interdepartmental experimental research training carried out in 2021, actual data on the capabilities of medical and evacuation support by medical treatment organizations in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation have been analyzed.Results and Discussion. Analysis of the current interdepartmental system of medical and evacuation support of the victims of emergencies in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation revealed typical conditions influencing its further development, which include: imperfect legislative base regulating the procedure of involvement of interdepartmental medical forces and assets for organization of medical and evacuation support of victims in emergencies; considerable distance between island and continental parts of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation, between seaports and large settlements with medical treatment organizations, between facilities with high risks of emergencies; extreme natural and climatic factors; underdeveloped transport communications — a network of airfields and airstrips, railways and roads, which are usually impassable for conventional ambulance transport; huge distances to economically developed areas of the continental part of the country, where specialized medical centers are located.The article presents the substantiated proposals for further improvement of organization of medical and evacuation support for the victims of emergencies in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation; for creation and involvement of mobile medical units; for development of the medical evacuation system, including sanitary aviation, and of its material and technical base, of robotic modules of medical evacuation; for training of medical personnel for the work in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation.Conclusion. The authors formulated the main directions of the development of interdepartmental cooperation within the framework of the All-Russian Disaster Medicine Service for further improvement of the medical evacuation support for the victims of emergencies in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation.","PeriodicalId":36526,"journal":{"name":"Medico-Biological and Socio-Psychological Issues of Safety in Emergency Situations","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79931535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A method for assessing the stress resistance in employees of the Federal Fire Service of the EMERCOM of Russia for managerial decision-making","authors":"E. V. Papko, S. G. Grigor'ev, S. Y. Stukalov","doi":"10.25016/2541-7487-2022-0-1-109-116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25016/2541-7487-2022-0-1-109-116","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. Firefighters often work in extreme conditions while carrying out professional activities, they quickly make decisions that affect the lives of the victims and the safety of significant material resources. In addition to professional skills, knowledge and abilities, effective decision-making is largely determined by their resistance to stress. Intention is to develop an algorithm for assessing the stress resistance of employees of the Federal Fire Service of the EMERCOM of Russia, who have special ranks, for managerial decision-making. Methodology. 261 employees of the Federal Fire Service of the EMERCOM of Russia directly involved in firefighting were examined. Their average age was (31.0 ± 3.3) years, professional experience - (6.5 ± 3.2) years. There were 186 firefighters and drivers of fire trucks (1st group), 52 chiefs of fire guards (2nd group), 23 chiefs (deputies) of fire and rescue units (3rd group). The psychological status of firefighters was studied using the methods “Forecast-2”, a multi-level personal questionnaire “Adaptiveness” and the test “Meaningful life orientations” by D.A. Leontiev. With the help of dispersion analysis, a comparative assessment of indicators in the general array was carried out and three groups of firefighters were identified. A discriminatory model for assigning firefighters to professional groups has been developed. Results and Discussion. A high level of neuropsychic stability according to the “Forecast-2” method was revealed in 33.7 % of the firefighters of the general array, the average level - in 66.3 %. No firefighters with low level of nervous mental stability were identified. The most pronounced indicators of socio-psychological adaptation according to the methods used were found among the heads of fire and rescue units and their deputies and the heads of fire guards. A discriminant model was developed that contained 6 statistically significant predictors: X1 - professional experience; X2 - nervous mental stability according to the “Forecast” method; X3 - behavioral regulation according to the questionnaire “Adaptiveness”; X4 - locus of control - life according to the test “Meaningful life orientations”; X5 - communicative qualities according to the questionnaire “Adaptiveness”; Х6 - goals in life according to the test “Meaningful life orientations”. The model as a whole turned out to be statistically significant (p < 0.001) and qualified at 94.3 %. With the help of three linear discriminant functions, firefighters can be classified into the selected groups. Conclusion. The revealed differences in indicators of neuropsychic stability and life orientations among firefighters will allow for more targeted psychological support of activities and objectively make administrative decisions.","PeriodicalId":36526,"journal":{"name":"Medico-Biological and Socio-Psychological Issues of Safety in Emergency Situations","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74994664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}