Gynecology最新文献

{"title":"The etiopathogenesis of uterine leiomyomas: A review","authors":"Ola M. Alali, M. Churnosov","doi":"10.26442/20795696.2023.1.201827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26442/20795696.2023.1.201827","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The most frequent female reproductive system tumors are uterine leiomyoma (UL). They are benign monoclonal tumors of uterine smooth muscle. They affect reproductive-age women with a lifetime prevalence of 3070%. UL is a disease with complex etiology determined by many genetic and environmental factors. Despite the frequency of UL, there is no long-term, cost-effective or fertility-preserving therapy option for it. \u0000Aim. To summarize the available literature data on the etiopathogenesis of uterine fibroids as well as the risk factors for the development of this disease. \u0000Materials and methods. The PubMed, Scopus, and Web of science literature databases were searched for relevant articles using such keywords as uterine fibroids, UL, association, genetic and hormonal factors, gene, etiology in various combinations. \u0000Results. Genetic disorders and hormonal and growth factors all have a part in the etiology of UL, and studies have resulted to the use of hormone therapy for fibroids, with varying results. Recent findings on the etiopathogenesis of UL, as well as the introduction of relevant genetically modified mouse models of UL, have rekindled interest in the disease. In this review, the basic features of fibroids are discussed, as well as the primary contributors to UL etiopathogenesis, including as genetic, hormonal, and growth causes. Besides the risk factors that contribute to the development of UL. \u0000Conclusion. Many questions about the causes and mechanisms of development factors that predispose remain unanswered, necessitating the continuation of these studies in order to obtain new information. Prospective studies are needed to better understand the biology and epidemiological associations, both to better understand modifiable risk factors and to shed light on the etiopathogenesis of this disease.","PeriodicalId":36505,"journal":{"name":"Gynecology","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90192324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of the herpes simplex virus on the mother and fetus during pregnancy","authors":"Liliya Tumanyan, F. Isaeva, Khedi Aidamirova, Nuray Ibragimova, Polina Zakharova","doi":"10.26442/20795696.2023.2.202129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26442/20795696.2023.2.202129","url":null,"abstract":"The herpes virus is an urgent problem, particularly in the obstetrician-gynecologist practice. The main objective of this paper was to review and analyze current literature data on the effect of the herpes virus on the mother and child during gestation. A variation of the diagnosis of prenatal herpes infection was reviewed. The treatment and prevention methods of the herpes simplex virus for a pregnant woman are addressed. It was shown that preventive antihomotoxic therapy had a fetoprotective effect, significantly reducing the risk of prenatal infection. Introducing preconception preparation for a wide population cohort, including the suppression of viruses in the mother's body, is relevant. The following methodology was used during work on the article: selection of publications using modern information databases, analysis of the obtained information, systematization of materials, and presentation of conclusions. An electronic search was conducted using publications identified in the following databases: eLIBRARY.RU, Google Scholar, and PubMed.","PeriodicalId":36505,"journal":{"name":"Gynecology","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87634301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endometrial apoptotic markers NF-kB, BCL2 and Caspase-8 expression in patients with external genital endometriosis and chronic endometritis","authors":"G. I. Tabeeva, A. Asaturova, A. Tregubova, M. Dumanovskaya, A. Magnaeva, A. Smetnik, Stanislav V. Pavlovich","doi":"10.26442/20795696.2023.2.202003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26442/20795696.2023.2.202003","url":null,"abstract":"Apoptosis is one of the twelve subtypes of physiologically programmed cell death that controls cell population, tissue volume, and homeostasis. In the endometrium, apoptosis plays a particularly important role, since it undergoes monthly desquamation, requiring the balance between anti- and pro-apoptotic which plays a key role in cyclic endometrial remodeling. \u0000The study evaluated the expression of such apoptosis factors as caspase-8, NF-, Bcl-2 in patients with chronic endometritis (CE) (n=23), external genital endometriosis (EGE) (n=20), normal endometrium (control group) (n=7). Statistically significant differences were found for all studied markers (p0.05). \u0000Increased expression of apoptosis factors probably demonstrates a high pro-inflammatory activity of the endometrium in both CE and EGE. In the case of EGE, this effect is more pronounced at the transcriptional level based on the increased expression of NF- in both glandular and stromal cells of the endometrium. This phenomenon can be explained by the systemic impact of the chronic inflammation. For CHE, despite the antiapototic activity of Bcl2, an increase in Caspase-8 expression in the endometrium may also indicate the predominance of innate immunity activation. \u0000Thus, an imbalance of pro- and anti-apoptotic factors can simultaneously induce the cytotoxic and cytoprotective interactions in the CE and CHE pathogenesis, but requires further investigations.","PeriodicalId":36505,"journal":{"name":"Gynecology","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87991296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Symptoms and clinic of postmenopausal vulvovaginal atrophy in different stages of postmenopause","authors":"Liana Z. Ziganshina, Sofia Yurevna Muslimova, Indita V. Sahautdiniva, E. M. Zulkarneeva","doi":"10.26442/20795696.2023.2.202132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26442/20795696.2023.2.202132","url":null,"abstract":"Hypoestrogenism associated with menopause has a strong negative effect on the condition of the vagina and urinary tract, and often leads to the development of genitourinary menopausal syndrome, significantly disrupting the quality of life of women. Menopausal vulvovaginal atrophy is diagnosed in 36% to 90% of peri- and postmenopausal women. In recent years, it has been revealed that this condition is also present in 19% of women aged 40-45 years during premenopause. The aim of the study was to study the relationship between the dynamics of the severity of symptoms and their impact on the quality of life of women, and the clinical manifestations of postmenopausal atrophic vaginitis, depending on the stage of postmenopause. We believe that the therapy of vulvovaginal atrophy should begin with the period of early menopause. At this time, women are most interested in treatment, as their quality of life suffers significantly due to the newly appeared extremely unpleasant sensations. At the same time, minor atrophic changes in the tissues of the vagina and vulva are easier to treat.","PeriodicalId":36505,"journal":{"name":"Gynecology","volume":"195 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72546155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endometriosis-associated pain and new therapeutic options: A review","authors":"M. Yarmolinskaya, A. K. Beganova, Anastasia S. Revenko","doi":"10.26442/20795696.2022.6.201975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26442/20795696.2022.6.201975","url":null,"abstract":"Pelvic pain is one of the most common and significant clinical symptoms of endometriosis. The complex pathogenesis and paradoxical nature of endometriosis-associated pain, its chronicity and centralization, a marked decrease in the quality of life of patients, the lack of an \"ideal\" and effective remedy with no limitation for all patients, as well as the progressive and recurrent nature of the disease are factors that determine the need for novel, additional therapeutic options. The pain mechanisms in endometriosis and the potential pathogenetic effects of trans-resveratrol and indole-3-carbinol on various aspects of endometriosis-associated pain are addressed based on the literature sources presented in electronic databases PubMed, CyberLeninka, and Google Scholar. The described pharmacological properties of the compounds suggest that the combined use of trans-resveratrol and indole-3-carbinol is a pathogenetically justified and promising treatment for complex endometriosis-associated pain.","PeriodicalId":36505,"journal":{"name":"Gynecology","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75246976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reproducibility of cytological diagnoses in evaluating liquid cervical smears and immunocytochemical co-expression of p16/Ki-67 using manual and automatic methods","authors":"A. Tregubova, Nadezda S. Tevrukova, L. Ezhova, M. Shamarakova, Alina S. Badlaeva, D. Dobrovolskaya, Giuldana R. Bayramova, N. Nazarova, A.Yu. Shilyaev, A. Asaturova","doi":"10.26442/20795696.2022.6.202009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26442/20795696.2022.6.202009","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To assess the reproducibility of cytological diagnoses in evaluating liquid cervical smears and immunocytochemical co-expression of p16/Ki-67 using manual and automatic methods. \u0000Materials and methods. Cytological smears prepared using the liquid cytology method on the Becton Dickinson device (SurePath technology) were studied. An immunocytochemical study was carried out using a Ventana BenchMark Ultra automatic immunostainer with a commercial CINtec kit (determination of p16/Ki-67 co-expression). In total, 100 cytological slides (50 pairs of Pap-smears and immunocytochemical slides) were studied. The diagnostic kit was reviewed by five cytologists independently, and the cytologic slides were evaluated using four categories according to the Bethesda system (2014) and according to the categories of normal/abnormal. The co-expression of p16/Ki-67 was assessed per the manufacturer's recommendations (Roche) using the manual method (light microscope) and the automatic Vision Cyto Pap ICC system. Statistical processing of the results was performed using the SPSS software package version 26.0.0.0 with the calculation of the reproducibility indices of Cohen's kappa and Fleiss' kappa. \u0000Results. When assessing the reproducibility of four categories of cytological diagnoses according to the Bethesda system (2014), Cohen's kappa was 0.0480.265. The overall Fleiss' kappa between all cytologists was 0.103. When only two categories (normal/abnormal) were used, the reproducibility ranged from 0.058 to 0.377. When assessing the co-expression of p16 and Ki-67, Cohen's kappa reproducibility was from 0.196 to 0.574, while the overall Fleiss' kappa was 0.407. When comparing the evaluation results of each of the cytologists with the neural network, Cohen's kappa reproducibility ranged from 0.103 to 0.436. \u0000Conclusion. The reproducibility of cytological diagnoses according to the Bethesda system (2014) and two categories (normal/abnormal) based on the Pap smear study was low. Such results are primarily due to a large number of abnormal smears in the study. The immunocytochemical method has diagnosis reproducibility three times higher, indicating the need to measure the co-expression of p16 and Ki-67 to increase the sensitivity and specificity of the cytological method. Similar reproducibility when comparing the manual and automatic evaluation of the \"double label\" suggests that the neural network algorithm can currently help in decision support rather than replace the cytologist at the diagnostic stage.","PeriodicalId":36505,"journal":{"name":"Gynecology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83330645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis of premalignant and malignant cervix diseases in HPV-positive females: Digene test performance evaluation","authors":"Gulnara Z. Lyalina, A. Yashchuk, R. Zainullina, O. R. Muhamadeeva, Eugeny M. Gareev","doi":"10.26442/20795696.2022.6.201855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26442/20795696.2022.6.201855","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Cervical cancer is one of the most preventable malignancies in females. However, there is an increasing trend of disease incidence mainly due to the low specificity of routine screening tests. \u0000Aim. To assess the diagnostic value of standard tests for the diagnosis of cervix disorders based on the Digene test. \u0000Materials and methods. The obtained data were processed using the Statistica software package. Due to the unique features of specimens obtained, non-parametric methods were used for small samples with extreme data variability and possible artifacts. These methods do not require an assumption of \"normality\" of distribution. KruskalWallis rank analysis of variance and MannWhitney test for comparison of individual samples were used to estimate the relationship between the studied parameter and controlled factors. Median (Me) and quartiles (Q1 and Q3) were used in describing the results. \u0000Results. The study found a low performance of colposcopy and cytology and a higher performance of status assessment for human papillomavirus. \u0000Conclusion. Our findings indicate that viral load measurement is only sometimes informative. This test can be used as a stage 2 screening; additional data are needed for further patient management. Digene test helps to determine the risk group for a follow-up study.","PeriodicalId":36505,"journal":{"name":"Gynecology","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81444364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of combined oral contraceptives with estrogen identical to natural estrogen on the metabolic profile and body composition in females during the menopausal transition","authors":"Veronika I. Komedina, S. Yureneva, S. Kuznetsov","doi":"10.26442/20795696.2022.6.201685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26442/20795696.2022.6.201685","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To study the effect of combined oral contraceptives (COC) with estrogen identical to natural estrogen on the metabolic profile and body composition in females during the menopausal transition. \u0000Materials and methods. Females in the menopausal transition who needed contraception were divided into two groups. Group 1 (19 patients) received COCs containing estradiol valerate/dienogest (E2V/DNG) with a dynamic dosing regimen; Group 2 (19 patients) received monophasic COCs containing 17-estradiol/nomegestrol acetate (E2/NOMAC) for 6 months. Blood pressure (BP), parameters of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, leptin, adiponectin, C-reactive protein, uric acid, and body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry were assessed initially and after the 6 months of therapy. \u0000Results. No significant changes in weight and body composition after 6 months of COC use were found in both groups. COCs with E2V/DNG had no significant effect on BP and all assessed metabolic parameters. Females taking COCs with E2/NOMAC showed increased fasting glucose of 4.85 (0.43) and 5.30 (0.37) mmol/L (p=0.002), insulin of 4.97 (2.35) and 8.82 (4.67) U/mL (p=0.012), NOMA index of 1.06 (0.54) and 1.88 (0.75); p=0.010 compared to baseline. However, the parameters remained within the reference values. \u0000Conclusion. COCs containing estrogens identical to natural estrogens do not affect body composition and have no significant adverse effect on BP and metabolic parameters in females during the menopausal transition, indicating that the use of these agents is acceptable from the perspective of their metabolic effects in this group of patients.","PeriodicalId":36505,"journal":{"name":"Gynecology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81555172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antitumor immune cycle proteins and HPV status in patients with HSIL and cervical cancer","authors":"E. Kayukova, T. Belokrinitskaya, S.V. Romanyuk","doi":"10.26442/20795696.2022.6.201977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26442/20795696.2022.6.201977","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Cervical cancer (CC) is a common malignant tumor among women worldwide. The anti-tumor immune cycle (AIC) is a necessary molecular mechanism that prevents the occurrence and progression of a tumor. It is known that during the development of CC, several mechanisms disrupt the AIC and contribute to tumor progression. Recent data show the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the AIC regulation as a mechanism for the emergence of tumor resistance to the anti-tumor immune response. \u0000Aim. To study the levels of AIC proteins (sCD25, 4-1BB, B7.2, TGF-b1, CTLA-4, PD-L1, PD-1, Tim-3, LAG-3, Galectin-9, sCD27, PD-L2) in patients with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and CC, depending on the HPV status. \u0000Materials and methods. A prospective study enrolled women of reproductive age with HSIL (n=53) and stage IIII СС (n=93). The control group included female volunteers without cervical abnormalities (n=30). The study material was the cervical epithelium. Study methods: flow cytometry, diagnostics using the polymerase chain reaction for HPV status and viral load. Statistical processing was performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics version 25.0 software package using non-parametric statistics methods. \u0000Results. The obtained data indicate an expression increase of AIC inhibitors: PD-1 and PD-L2 in patients with HPV infection and sCD27 in patients with mono-HPV infection. There were no significant differences in the levels of AIC proteins, depending on the HPV viral load in patients with HSIL and CC. \u0000Conclusion. The effect of HPV infection and its type on regulating the expression of specific AIC proteins has been established, which is one of the mechanisms of tumor progression.","PeriodicalId":36505,"journal":{"name":"Gynecology","volume":"299 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82867193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Initial results of use and prospects of hospital-substituting technologies in gynecology","authors":"N. Podzolkova, V. V. Bedin, Vitoria A. Vardanyan, R. Kuznetsov, Veniamin Yu. Vengerov, V. N. Yakomaskin, O. Glazkova, S. S. Ismailova, Alla N. Kalinskaya, L. Sozaeva","doi":"10.26442/20795696.2022.6.201973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26442/20795696.2022.6.201973","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The first day-care hospital (DCH) in the Russian Federation with 30 beds was established in the departments of general surgery, urology, and gynecology of the Botkin Hospital in 2016 in Moscow. \u0000Aim. To analyze the six-year experience of the gynecological DCH based on the Botkin Hospital. \u0000Materials and methods. The six-year experience (20162021) of the gynecological DCH based on the Botkin Hospital was analyzed. \u0000Results. The number of patients treated in the DCH increased progressively from 2016 to 2019. Due to the gain in the experience of DCH, patients with a broader spectrum of diseases can receive care in DCH settings, the number of hospitalized patients with a higher anesthetic risk has increased, and the proportion of patients over 65 years of age has also increased. \u0000Conclusion. Analysis of the activities of the DCH based on the Botkin Hospital showed that the pilot project can be considered successful due to good clinical and economic indicators. This activity format can be widely implemented, and it is optimal to establish such hospitals in multidisciplinary clinics.","PeriodicalId":36505,"journal":{"name":"Gynecology","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74828743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}