{"title":"El Pensamiento Ambiental de Enrique Pérez Arbeláez y de John Muir a Propósito del Retorno del ser Humano a la Naturaleza","authors":"J. Patiño","doi":"10.32991/2237-2717.2022v12i3.p325-354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32991/2237-2717.2022v12i3.p325-354","url":null,"abstract":"E\u0000En el artículo que se presenta a continuación se realiza una síntesis de la investigación sobre el pensamiento ambiental de dos pioneros del ambientalismo en el mundo: Enrique Pérez Arbeláez (1896-1972) naturalista colombiano y John Muir (1834-1914) conservacionista norteamericano. En los fundamentos teóricos para la interpretación se retoman los presupuestos de la sociología del conocimiento de la teoría histórico-genética de la cultura de Günter Dux , además de algunas consideraciones de Norbert Elías. En lo relativo a las fuentes, en el caso colombiano se utiliza la colección Enrique Pérez Arbeláez existente en el Archivo General de la Nación y los textos publicados en la Biblioteca Luis Ángel Arango. Sobre John Muir se toman dos fuentes documentales: el portal Sierra Club y las colecciones de la biblioteca Holt-Atherton de la Universidad del Pacifico. El análisis que aquí se presenta parte de la siguiente hipótesis: el pensamiento ambiental de John Muir y el de Enrique Pérez Arbeláez se encuentran en el tránsito entre una lógica subjetivista y una lógica sistémico- procesual, lógica desde la cual reintegra el ser humano a la naturaleza; sin embargo, persiste en la reflexión la lógica tradicional de pensamiento en que se sitúa un absoluto como origen y como fin.","PeriodicalId":36482,"journal":{"name":"Historia Ambiental Latinoamericana y Caribena","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69475320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Between Horizontality and Verticality: Infrastructures and Geographical Imaginaries in Post-Colonial Peru","authors":"Gonzalo Emilio Julio Romero Sommer","doi":"10.32991/2237-2717.2022v12i3.p82-107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32991/2237-2717.2022v12i3.p82-107","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyzes the different geographical imaginaries that emerged in Peru after independence and how they were shaped and molded by the infrastructures that were imposed upon complex landscapes. I argue that horizontal geographical conceptions of the Peruvian territory were reinforced by the development of “communication” infrastructures, specifically road building, which depicted the Andean Mountain chain as an obstacle towards national integration. Conversely, from the middle of the twentieth onwards, vertical depictions of Peruvian geography emerged, fueled by the construction of large-scale hydroelectric plants, which depended on the very complexity of Andean topography which made the construction of other types of infrastructures difficult. In this vertical conception, the complexity of the Andes not only had to be “conquered,” but also skillfully “harnessed.” Both horizontal and vertical imaginaries of Peruvian geography coexisted, furthering the notion that Peruvian geography presented both a problem and a possibility for the pursuit of national development.","PeriodicalId":36482,"journal":{"name":"Historia Ambiental Latinoamericana y Caribena","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69475382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marta Elena Montano Fuentes, Carlos Enríquez, Carlos Duarte
{"title":"Destrucción del Bosque Seco Tropical en el Valle Geográfico del Río Cauca","authors":"Marta Elena Montano Fuentes, Carlos Enríquez, Carlos Duarte","doi":"10.32991/2237-2717.2022v12i3.p287-324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32991/2237-2717.2022v12i3.p287-324","url":null,"abstract":"La expansión de las fronteras agropecuarias, la urbanización y el afianzamiento de cultivos agroindustriales ha significado la transformación socio ecológica radical del Bosque Seco Tropical – (BsT) en diversos puntos de la geografía suramericana. La situación anterior viene siendo fuente de agudos conflictos con las comunidades étnico-campesinas ante el énfasis desarrollista de los modelos de producción agraria, la crisis de las políticas de acceso a tierras estatalizadas y los efectos socio ecológicos que acarrea la desaparición del BsT. Se propone analizar la transición del BsT, partiendo de un balance en sur américa para posteriormente concentrar la atención en un estudio de caso del Valle Geográfico del Río Cauca en Colombia, a partir de una historia ambiental de larga duración que muestra la transición biosocial desde la época prehispánica hasta el monocultivo agroindustrial de la caña de azúcar; derivando en las emergencias futuras que el cambio climático le plantea a la alta sensibilidad del paisaje actual.","PeriodicalId":36482,"journal":{"name":"Historia Ambiental Latinoamericana y Caribena","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69475312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Extensão Rural e os Clubes Agrícolas Escolares no Rio Grande do Sul","authors":"I. R. Gritti, S. M. Gritti","doi":"10.32991/2237-2717.2022v12i3.p140-163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32991/2237-2717.2022v12i3.p140-163","url":null,"abstract":"Este artigo objetiva mostrar o papel dos clubes agrícolas escolares das escolas primárias rurais no Rio Grande do Sul no período da expansão da modernização agrícola, particularmente no período de 1960 a 1980. A modernização agrícola e, por decorrência, a Revolução Verde chegavam até os pequenos agricultores via extensão rural, implementada pela EMATER/RS–ASCAR neste estado sulino. Várias foram as ações desenvolvidas junto aos pequenos produtores rurais e seus filhos para que a tecnificação agrícola, os pacotes tecnológicos, o crédito subsidiado estivessem presentes no processo produtivo do agricultor. As ações extensionistas coordenadas por técnicos atingiam, por diferentes estratégias, a totalidade do grupo familiar: o proprietário, sua esposa e seus filhos. Os filhos que frequentavam a escola participavam das atividades no clube agrícola escolar, uma das instituições integrantes da escola. Um professor era o responsável pelo mesmo e por planejar as tarefas do clube agrícola ao longo do período letivo. A discussão aqui desenvolvida está amparada nos documentos da EMATER/RS–ASCAR, dos livros de atas das escolas primárias rurais e da Revista do Ensino do CPOE/RS. ","PeriodicalId":36482,"journal":{"name":"Historia Ambiental Latinoamericana y Caribena","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69475120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Volverse Barbudos. Cómo los Fidelistas Lucharon Contra el Clima y la Geografía de la Sierra, y Tomaron Ventaja de Ellos para Legitimar su Dominio Masculino","authors":"Mikael Wolfe","doi":"10.32991/2237-2717.2022v12i3.p355-405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32991/2237-2717.2022v12i3.p355-405","url":null,"abstract":"Este artículo revisa la Revolución Cubana desde la perspectiva de la historia ambiental, junto con la historia social y política. Con base en memorias, entrevistas, discursos, periódicos y otras fuentes primarias y secundarias, argumenta que el variable clima y geografía de Cuba, representados por los términos “llano” y “Sierra,” moldearon la guerra revolucionaria en formas que los historiadores de la Revolución Cubana han, en buena medida, pasado por alto. Esto incluye las raíces eco-geográficas de la hipermasculinidad Fidelista, personificada en el apodo de “barbudo.”","PeriodicalId":36482,"journal":{"name":"Historia Ambiental Latinoamericana y Caribena","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49137492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Presentación al Dossier \"Modelando Regiones Naturales: Capitalismo, Medio Ambiente y la Geografía del Perú Pos-Colonial\"","authors":"Javier Puente, A. Lerner","doi":"10.32991/2237-2717.2022v12i3.p20-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32991/2237-2717.2022v12i3.p20-27","url":null,"abstract":"Presentación al Dossier Modelando Regiones Naturales: Capitalismo, Medio Ambiente y la Geografía del Perú Pos-Colonial","PeriodicalId":36482,"journal":{"name":"Historia Ambiental Latinoamericana y Caribena","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47833165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Capitalismo e Historia Ambiental en América Latina","authors":"Sandro Dutra e Silva, Marina Miraglia","doi":"10.32991/2237-2717.2022v12i3.p14-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32991/2237-2717.2022v12i3.p14-19","url":null,"abstract":"a edición correspondiente al volumen 12, número 3 (2022) de HALAC: Historia Ambiental Latinoamericana y Caribeña presenta el dossier Modelando Regiones Naturales: “Capitalismo, Medio Ambiente y la Geografía del Perú PosColonial” coordinado por los investigadores Javier Puente del Smith College y Adrián Lerner de la Universidad de Cambridge y que contiene un texto introductorio elaborado por los organizadores y 4 artículos. Completan la edición 8 artículos libres, 1 nota científica y 1 reseña de libro. El objetivo de los trabajos del dossier fue analizar las relaciones entre el capitalismo y la naturaleza en la construcción de la geografía peruana. Exploraron la confluencia de dos tendencias en la historia peruana moderna: la expansión del capitalismo y la construcción social de regiones “naturales”. Estos trabajos académicos retrataron el modo en que ambos procesos colocaron un complejo capitalismonaturaleza como la fuerza dominante en la configuración de los entendimientos socioeconómicos y culturales del territorio y el ambiente.","PeriodicalId":36482,"journal":{"name":"Historia Ambiental Latinoamericana y Caribena","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69475126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Una Aproximación al Metabolismo Social Agrario del Espacio Productivo Especializado en Banano y Cacao en el Contexto de la Revolución Verde. Costa Rica (1955-1973)","authors":"Anthony Goebel Mc Dermott, Andrea Montero Mora","doi":"10.32991/2237-2717.2022v12i3.p214-254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32991/2237-2717.2022v12i3.p214-254","url":null,"abstract":"En este artículo mostramos las principales transformaciones socioecológicas ocurridas en el sistema agrario del Espacio Productivo Especializado en banano y cacao en Costa Rica entre 1955 y 1973, momento cumbre de la Revolución Verde. Dichas transformaciones supusieron una creciente dependencia de maquinaria e insumos químicos en los agroecosistemas en detrimento de los sistemas agrarios tradicionales de base orgánica. El análisis se desarrolla en la región de Costa Rica que el Censo Agropecuario de 1955 caracterizó como especializada en la producción de banano y cacao, y el concepto de Espacios Productivos Especializados construido por los investigadores. Dichos espacios presentan uno o dos cultivos dominantes desarrollados con miras a su comercialización internacional, aunque también se desarrollan otras actividades productivas y extractivas. Proponemos un análisis retroprospectivo para mostrar desde el enfoque del Metabolismo Social, y a partir del análisis de los flujos-fondo y las tasas de retorno energéticos, las diferentes lógicas de intercambio de energía y materiales que ocurrieron en el Espacio Productivo Especializado en banano y cacao.","PeriodicalId":36482,"journal":{"name":"Historia Ambiental Latinoamericana y Caribena","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69475208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chimbote in the Blue Revolution, 1940-1980","authors":"Nathan L. Clarke","doi":"10.32991/2237-2717.2022v12i3.p55-81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32991/2237-2717.2022v12i3.p55-81","url":null,"abstract":"This paper looks at how the export-led growth and dependent development pursued by Peruvian politicians and capitalists produced a new nature in Chimbote. Starting in 1955, Peruvians extracted incalculable wealth from its ocean, and erected the world's largest fishing industry, centered on the production of fishmeal, a high-protein hog- and chicken-feed additive. Two decades of unrestrained exploitation of the country's natural resources and unregulated industrialization produced an ecological catastrophe in Chimbote, the center of the fishmeal industry. In 1940, it had been a serene village of 4,000; thirty years later it had become the world’s biggest fishing port, a ‘tragic city’ in which some 200,000 people lived amid thirty disturbingly polluting fishmeal processing factories. The once clear and fecund bay had become a cesspool of industrial and human wastes: Chimbote had been sacrificed to the nation's pursuit of capitalist development. This chapter decenters narratives of economic development and the environmental impact of industrialization. Most studies of Peru’s postwar industrial boom have focused on the Lima-Callao metropolitan area, to the exclusion of the vast majority of the rest of the nation. By shifting the focus from Lima to the intersections of nature, labor, and politics of rapid industrialization on the postwar Peruvian coast, we can better understand how elite schemes emanating from the metropole have impacted the people and ecologies of the periphery.","PeriodicalId":36482,"journal":{"name":"Historia Ambiental Latinoamericana y Caribena","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69475374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Shaping Natural Regions. Capitalism, Environment, and the Geography of Post-Colonial Peru","authors":"S. Varese","doi":"10.32991/2237-2717.2022v12i3.p108-139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32991/2237-2717.2022v12i3.p108-139","url":null,"abstract":"During millennia Amazonia has shaped herself as an integrated cosmos of tangible and intangible beings interweaved as a totality of relatives. This indigenous non-anthropocentric civilizational construction can be better defined by the neologism cosmocentric rather than contemporary ecological terms such as biocentric or geocentric, which emphasize exclusively the materialistic component of the whole system. Colonial and capitalist occupation of Amazonia portrayed and actively reconfigured a manageable “social reconstruction” of Peru’s Amazon Rainforest –La Selva, imposing a new ontology devoid of any ethical concerns. This article will explore the ethnic and political journey of Indigenous Amazonian Communities since the early 1960s to restore a pre-modern and post-modern environmental, cultural, social and ethical conception and practice of Amazonia.","PeriodicalId":36482,"journal":{"name":"Historia Ambiental Latinoamericana y Caribena","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69475115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}