Vestnik Novosibirskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta, Seriya: Istoriya, Filologiya最新文献

{"title":"Plans for the Construction of Russian Forts in the Western Sayan Mountains and the Second Krasnoyarsk “Rebellion” (“Shatost”) (1718–1720)","authors":"S. Skobelev","doi":"10.25205/1818-7919-2023-22-1-57-63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2023-22-1-57-63","url":null,"abstract":"   The history of the construction of Russian fortresses (ostrog) in Siberia offers many examples, of when due to various circumstances their rapid and full-fledged building, as well as effective use failed. This is also relevant for the time of construction of new fortification facilities in the basin of the Middle and Upper Yenisei during the exploration of these territories. As a result of the conflict (“rebellion”, “shatost”) between the local administration of the Krasnoyarsk district and the garrison the latter delayed or even refused to build fortresses. The article is aimed to identify and chara terize the facts related to these phenomena. It considers the case, when, because of the actions and decisions of the all-Siberian and local administrations in a conflict with the garrison and the population of the Krasnoyarsk ostrog and the district in 1718–1720, the construction of the fort beyond the Sayan (modern Tuva), on the territory that was in the actual possessions of the Mongol khans, who were subjects of the Qing empire, was terminated. These events, rarely being in the focus of research, were called the second Krasnoyarsk “rebellion”. The article identifies and characterizes the circumstances related to it, assess their influence on decisions toward the construction of new forts, analyzes the activities of the central and local administrations to overcome such crisis situations, highlights the consequences of these actions, etc. It concludes by discussing some of the quality and features of the defense policy, regarding defense infrastructure in particular, in Siberia at the beginning of the 18th century.","PeriodicalId":36462,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Novosibirskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta, Seriya: Istoriya, Filologiya","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83273524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Description of the Transbaikal and the Amur Region in 1681","authors":"A. S. Zuev","doi":"10.25205/1818-7919-2023-22-1-122-132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2023-22-1-122-132","url":null,"abstract":"   The article contains the text of the source, described the Eastern Transbaikalia and the Amur River. It was compiled in 1681 in Moscow by the regional administrative office Sibirsky Prikaz, based on the testimony of Siberian Cossacks. Compared to other previously published documentary and narrative sources, this description provides more detailed information about the above-mentioned specific region, including its natural resources, the location of Russian settlements; the number, living conditions and armament of the Russian population; land and river routes, habitats, lifestyle and the degree of loyalty of the local people toward the Russian authorities, about the relationship between Russians and “Chinese people”. The source is stored in the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts (Moscow) in the collection of documents from Sibirsky Prikaz.","PeriodicalId":36462,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Novosibirskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta, Seriya: Istoriya, Filologiya","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73591075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"History of “Note on Sects Existing in the Perm Governorate” (1827) in the Fate of the Author and His Informants","authors":"V. Shkerin","doi":"10.25205/1818-7919-2023-22-1-78-86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2023-22-1-78-86","url":null,"abstract":"   The article studies a history of creation of the “Note on sects existing in the Perm Governorate” (1827), which became the most detailed description of the Ural Old believers of this time. The materials for the note was collected by a Moscow official and writer S. D. Nechaev. He traveled to the Urals during the troubled times after the defeat of the Decembrist Revolt when Emperor Nicholas I was inclined to suspect secret societies’ activities everywhere. Stepan Dmitrievich Nechaev (1792–1860) was also a member of the Union of Prosperity. Usually, investigators were not interested in persons who had left the Decembrist societies before 1821. But Nechaev signed a false statement according to which he had never been a member of such societies. For such acts of perjury, other members of the Union of Prosperity were sentenced to a month's imprisonment in the Peter and Paul Fortress. Nechaev also had artistic and friendly relations with the Decembrists-writers A. A. Bestuzhev, K. F. Ryleev, V. K. Kyukhelbeker, who played key or prominent roles in the preparation and realization of the armed revolt on 14 December 1825 in St. Petersburg. However the three months spent in the Ural region saved him from prosecution.","PeriodicalId":36462,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Novosibirskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta, Seriya: Istoriya, Filologiya","volume":"377 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80585895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Preparation of Regulatory and Organizational- Methodological Support for the Activities of the First Kazakh Teachers’ School in the Orenburg Governorate (1870s – Early 1880s)","authors":"Y. Lysenko, A. Zhanbosinova","doi":"10.25205/1818-7919-2023-22-1-87-97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2023-22-1-87-97","url":null,"abstract":"   Based on the documentation of the local administration of the Orenburg Governorate, found in the Russian State Historical Archive, the article analyzes the process of establishing the secondary teacher’s education system for the Kazakh population of Turgai and Ural regions. The authors reveal that a decade of preparations held by the Special Commission underlay the opening of the first Kazakh teachers’ school in Orsk in 1883. They concludes that governmental circles of the Russian Empire considered the training of teachers from the Kazakh population for elementary school as an important element of policy aimed to integrate the region in all-Imperial cultural-educational space. More than decade was spend for an organizational and methodical work, formation of the legal basis for the Kazakh teachers’ school, finding of the sources of financing and the first attempt to create the Kazakh alphabet based on the Russian script. The Commission, specially created for completing these tasks, was attended by the Orenburg Governor-General, the governors of the Urals and Turgai regions, the officials of the Ministry of Public Education, the Kazan and Orenburg school districts, as well as representatives of the Kazakh population. Officials of the local administration often had different opinions regarding different problems. The most debatable issue was the language of education in the teachers' school and the relevance of courses of Arabic script and Koran studies. A certain group of officials acted as a conductor of the government policy in the Steppe, aimed at restricting the wooing customs among the Tatar population and the spread of Islam. Therefore, they furiously fought against the introduction of these courses and believed that only Cyrillic-based Kazakh language should be the language of education. Other officials believed that these courses are necessary for more successful adaptation of the Kazakh children to the educational process and popularization of school among the population. Eventually, position of the second group prevailed and adopted Regulations on the Kazakh Teachers’ School turned out to be quite liberal in its content.","PeriodicalId":36462,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Novosibirskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta, Seriya: Istoriya, Filologiya","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87147440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Saint Isaac’s Cathedral as a Political Space: Transformation of the Image and the Search for Interpretations before and after the Russian Revolution of 1917","authors":"O. Lyubeznikov","doi":"10.25205/1818-7919-2023-22-1-98-109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2023-22-1-98-109","url":null,"abstract":"   The article analyzes the problem of transformation of imperial political spaces in the historical context of the 19th – 20th centuries. The main attention in the article is focuses on the dominant of the architectural landscape of St. Petersburg – St. Isaac’s Cathedral. The struggle for its symbolic appropriation reflected the peripeteias of the socio-political development of tsarist, revolutionary and Soviet Russia. The article aims to study the process of transformation of symbolic meaning of St Isaac’s Cathedral and to analyze all comprehension models of that monument. The initial purpose of its construction was to honor the Russian monarchy, but after the Russian Revolution it required a new interpretation that would fit new realities. Based on numerous unpublished documents from the seven archives of St. Petersburg, the author concludes that before the Revolution St. Isaac’s Cathedral was marked on the symbolic map of Petrograd not only as a church but as a right-wing conservative political space, a visible monument glorifying the House of Romanov. The anti-monarchist revolution changed the fate of the building and its image forever. In the 1920s the perception of the cathedral caused a furious fight in society. It was a period of intense rivalry between three symbolic programs – exclusively church’s interpretation, interpretation of the cathedral as a monument of art, and antireligious model of the “anti-temple” – “the former St. Isaac’s Cathedral”.","PeriodicalId":36462,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Novosibirskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta, Seriya: Istoriya, Filologiya","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85823407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nerchinsk Executive Officer P. Ya. Shulgin: Warrior and Diplomat","authors":"E. Bagrin","doi":"10.25205/1818-7919-2023-22-1-44-56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2023-22-1-44-56","url":null,"abstract":"   The article describes the main activities of Nerchinsk executive officer P. Ya. Shulgin, aimed to strengthen Russian positions in Eastern Transbaikalia. P. Ya. Shulgin governed affairs of Nerchinsk district from November 30th 1673 to the end of April – early May 1678. During this time he repelled the external military aggression of nomads who attacked the subjects of Russia – the indigenous population of the Nerchinsk district. The study focuses on marches out to Tabanutyand’s “thieves” Tungus, as well as on the solutions to problems associated with the transfer of tribute to the Nerchinsk district from other places. He also enhanced the position of Russia in the Amur region, by arming Cossacks of the Albazin fort and stimulating their advance into the basin of the Zeya river. He actively used the means of diplomacy as well, facilitating the relocation to the Nerchinsk district of the tribes that roamed Mongol feudal lords’ lands and rebels who got out of control of the Russian government. It is argued that the actions of P. Ya. Shulgin to repel external military aggression and settle the issues related to interaction with the “foreigners” of the Nerchinsk district laid a solid foundation for the trust of tribute collectors in the Russian government.","PeriodicalId":36462,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Novosibirskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta, Seriya: Istoriya, Filologiya","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89284437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Appeals of the Vicar Bishops of the Tomsk Diocese for Help to the Starving in 1922 (Vicariates of Biysk and Novonikolaevsk)","authors":"S. Petrov","doi":"10.25205/1818-7919-2023-22-1-133-141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2023-22-1-133-141","url":null,"abstract":"   Based on the local publication of episcopal appeals to the clergy and believers for help to the starving, the article considers the history of the campaign to confiscate church valuables in 1922 that rarely being in focus of research before. The mass famine of 1922 was a consequence of the severe drought and the social and economic experiments of the Bolsheviks. Under the guise of fighting hunger, a campaign was launched to confiscate church valuables. This campaign became a key moment in the relationship between the Soviet government and the Russian Orthodox Church. This paper publishes previously unknown copies of two appeals of the vicar bishops of the Tomsk diocese, addressed to the participation of the clergy and believers of the Biysk, Zmeinogorsk and Novonikolaevsk church districts in helping the starving in 1922. These appeals are stored in the State Archives of the Novosibirsk Region. The paper shows the historical outline underlay drawing up of appeals by vicar bishops. It analyzes the use of these sources in historiography, demonstrates examples of interpretations by researchers of the content of appeals. It establishes that the episcopal epistle was influenced by both hierarchical dependence on spiritual authority and anti-religious pressure of secular authorities. These sources are valuable in that they reflect the consolidated positions of the diocesan clergy and believers, their reaction to everything that was happening then in state-church relations. It is important to notice the features of the typographical set of the texts of these appeals since they were published in the form of leaflets in local printing houses. This article publishes the appeals taking into account modern scientific standards of editorial archaeography.","PeriodicalId":36462,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Novosibirskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta, Seriya: Istoriya, Filologiya","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73477290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Competence Expansion of the Minister’s First Comrade of the Appanage Department in the First Half of the 19th Century","authors":"Y. Krasnikova","doi":"10.25205/1818-7919-2023-22-1-64-77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2023-22-1-64-77","url":null,"abstract":"   When the position of Minister was established in the Russian Empire, a comrade was appointed as his assistant. Initially, the law did not stipulate the number of comrades or the specific scope of their duties. State institutions themselves created regulatory documents that set up the competence of the Minister's comrades. The general rules describing the functions of the comrade were adopted in 1811. Initially, the competence of the Minister's comrades was insignificant. Moreover, some ministers were not looking for assistants, the positions remained unoccupied. Due to the increase in the Ministers’ clerical correspondence and workload, the number of functions of the Minister’s Comrade increased in the second quarter of the 19th century. Several comrades served in the Appanage Department since its establishment. Each comrade had his own responsibilities. The Minister’s first comrade concentrated the great power in his hand. In 1828, new rules were adopted in the Appanage Department, which significantly expanded the competence of the Minister’s first comrade. The position was renamed Vice-President and moved up to a higher position in the Table of Ranks. The Vice-president of the Appanage Department acted as the head of the Department, especially in the moments of the Minister’s absence. The outstanding position of the Minister’s first comrade unlike the rest of the comrades was determined not only by the need to expand his responsibilities but also by the personal motives of Emperor Nicholas I as well.","PeriodicalId":36462,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Novosibirskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta, Seriya: Istoriya, Filologiya","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89497763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"British Special Services in Interdepartmental Contradictions in the Beginning of the 20th Century","authors":"A. Ivanov","doi":"10.25205/1818-7919-2023-22-1-20-32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2023-22-1-20-32","url":null,"abstract":"   In modern conditions, the problem of the objectivity of decisions taken by politicians is acute, due to the fact that responsible persons often lack reliable information. Since the beginning of the 20th century, the receipt and interpretation of this information has been within the competence of intelligence agencies, therefore, the success of military-political operations often depends on the effectiveness of their work and the quality of their interaction with other departments. The hypothesis of the study is that, under certain conditions, the ability of special services to influence the politicaldecision-making process is often associated not only with the effectiveness of analytical work, but more with the ability to overcome the resistance of other government agencies seeking to monopolize information channels in the government. The example of the secret services of the British Empire in this respect is valuable as far as the victory in the Great War made the apparatus of this state an object of interest of some other countries, which wanted to bring the level of efficiency and working principles of their security structures in line with the British. Accordingly, not only the advantages of the British secret services, but also their shortcomings, manifested, among other things, in the bias of assessments and distortion of the content of intelligence reports, became widespread in the world.","PeriodicalId":36462,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Novosibirskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta, Seriya: Istoriya, Filologiya","volume":"2 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72616318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Phenomenon of Imperial Patriotism in German Political Pamphlets of the 1670s – 1680s","authors":"S. S. Shelyshey","doi":"10.25205/1818-7919-2023-22-1-9-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2023-22-1-9-19","url":null,"abstract":"   During the reign of Leopold I, the Holy Roman Empire faced serious foreign policy challenges: the wars of the Ottoman Empire and the wars of Louis XIV. Both threats were reflected in German journalism. German publicists came out in defense of the Empire, as a result, a huge number of works with pro-imperial motives appeared. Speaking from the standpoint of imperial patriotism, German publicists strove to create an image of a common danger that threatened not only the entire Empire, but every German. Imperial patriotism was manifested in three topical subjects of German political journalism of the last quarter of the 17th century: French politics, the struggle against the Ottoman Empire and uprisings in Hungary. All three plots were presented from the position of a threat to the existing order. An important component of the negative image of France was its desire to seize the imperial throne and destabilize the internal situation in the Empire. The successes in the struggle against Turkey were demonstrated as the successes of the Empire and the Emperor. The Hungarian uprisings were condemned as a betrayal of the emperor, and therefore of the Empire. The surge in imperial patriotism was beneficial to the imperial power, which used it to strengthen their authority within the Empire.","PeriodicalId":36462,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Novosibirskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta, Seriya: Istoriya, Filologiya","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90103084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}