{"title":"Collection efficiency of electrons injected into dense argon gas by means of photoelectric effect","authors":"A. F. Borghesani, P. Lamp","doi":"10.1109/ICDL.2011.6015403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL.2011.6015403","url":null,"abstract":"We report experimental results on the collection efficiency of electrons injected into dense Ar gas by means of photoelectric effect at the temperature T=142.6 K for several gas densities as a function of the applied electric field. The data can be interpreted in terms of the Young-Bradbury model if multiple scattering effects are taken into account when computing the electron-atom scattering cross section.","PeriodicalId":364451,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Dielectric Liquids","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130168714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dissolved gas analysis of alternative dielectric fluids under thermal and electrical stress","authors":"M. Jovalekic, D. Vuković, S. Tenbohlen","doi":"10.1109/ICDL.2011.6015457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL.2011.6015457","url":null,"abstract":"Dissolved gas in oil analysis (DGA) has been used for many years successfully for diagnosis and condition monitoring of mineral oil filled transformers. In future the diagnostic methods have to be transferred to new fluids. This contribution presents results of the gassing behavior of different insulating liquids from experiments, which represent electrical and thermal faults. Also the suitability of existing mineral oil interpretation methods for DGA is considered. The main investigated fluid is Envirotemp® FR3™. Where possible the amount and relation of the gases are compared to mineral oil and other synthetic esters gassing behaviour.","PeriodicalId":364451,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Dielectric Liquids","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128720970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Fabian, R. Woschitz, M. Muhr, C. Krause, U. Piovan
{"title":"Review of requirements and diagnostics of oil/board DC-insulation systems","authors":"J. Fabian, R. Woschitz, M. Muhr, C. Krause, U. Piovan","doi":"10.1109/ICDL.2011.6015420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL.2011.6015420","url":null,"abstract":"Since the beginning of the 20th century, the main insulation of power transformers has been built up efficiently with oil-impregnated cellulose, and since the 1960ies as layered oil/board-insulation. The latter represents a hybrid system, consisting of oil filled gaps subdivided by pressboard barriers.","PeriodicalId":364451,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Dielectric Liquids","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129589788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Charge carriers and electrical conductivity in fluid molecular dielectrics under wide pressure range","authors":"K. Yoshino, A. Khrapak","doi":"10.1109/ICDL.2011.6015494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL.2011.6015494","url":null,"abstract":"Fluid hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen at very high pressures and temperatures demonstrate high conductivity close to the so-called “minimum metal conductivity”. Electrophysical properties of these liquids in the semi-conducting transition region are practically unknown. In this work a simple model is used for estimating the bottom energy of the electron conduction band and the electron-forbidden gap energy. It is shown that electrons in liquid hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen are localized as molecular negative ions surrounded by voids about 0.3–0.5 nm in radius. The conductivity of these fluids at not very high pressures is connected to the transfer of positively charged clusters and negatively charged bubbles created around negative ions. As the pressure and density increase, molecular dissociation occurs and electron localization on atoms becomes more favorable, also with the creation of a void around atomic negative ions. At a sufficiently high concentration of atoms, the probability of the tunnel transition of an electron from one atom to another becomes close to unity, the energy level of the negative ion degenerates in the band, and the conductivity is caused by the transfer of these quasifree electrons. It is supposed that this charge transfer mechanism may play an important role in the dielectric-metal transition region.","PeriodicalId":364451,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Dielectric Liquids","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125011795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thermal aging and degradation of thin films of natural ester dielectric liquids","authors":"J. Viertel, K. Ohlsson, S. Singha","doi":"10.1109/ICDL.2011.6015478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL.2011.6015478","url":null,"abstract":"This work reports on an experimental study of the aging behavior of thin films of different classes of natural ester dielectric liquids. Thin film samples of three different natural ester liquids were prepared for the investigations and the aging experiments were performed in a medium of dry air at different temperatures (23°C and 65°C) and durations (up to around 100 days). The degradation of the samples was then evaluated in terms of changes in the dynamic viscosity of the liquid. Further analyses were also performed on the aged liquids through visual inspection, Infrared (IR) spectroscopy analysis and Oxidative Induction Time (OIT) measurements. Results show that the aging behaviors of natural ester dielectric liquids may greatly vary depending on the base chemistry of the liquid. Based on these results, it is suggested that natural ester dielectric liquids be classified into different categories considering their oleic acid content.","PeriodicalId":364451,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Dielectric Liquids","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115838860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Badicu, L. Dumitran, P. Notingher, R. Setnescu, T. Setnescu
{"title":"Mineral oil lifetime estimation using activation energy","authors":"L. Badicu, L. Dumitran, P. Notingher, R. Setnescu, T. Setnescu","doi":"10.1109/ICDL.2011.6015463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL.2011.6015463","url":null,"abstract":"Lifetime estimation of mineral oil is based on IEC 60216-1/2001, using accelerated thermal ageing at three temperatures), method which requires a long experimental time. In order to reduce the experimental times, this paper proposes a simpler method to draw the lifetime curve by determining an experimental point (carrying out only a thermal ageing at the highest temperature - which requires the least time) and curve slope (based on the activation energy of oxidation reaction). Assuming the volume resistivity and the loss factor as diagnostic factors, their variation curves with ageing time were drawn, and the lifetime values were calculated. Using differential calorimetry measurements (DSC curves) for four heating rates, the activation energy value Wa of oxidation reactions was obtained. Knowing the Wa value and the ageing time τ to achieve the end of life criterion for thermal ageing at the highest temperature (155 °C), the D3 lifetime value was determined and compared with D1 and D2 values obtained by accelerated thermal method at three temperatures. Finally is showed that, the differences between D3 and D1,2 values are relatively reduced and the method based on activation energy obtained by DSC, can be used to assess the lifetime of mineral oil.","PeriodicalId":364451,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Dielectric Liquids","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125620808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Poovamma, V. V. Pattanshetti, T.R. Afzal Ahmed, A. Sudhindra
{"title":"Charging tendency of mineral oils and synthetic ester mixtures","authors":"P. Poovamma, V. V. Pattanshetti, T.R. Afzal Ahmed, A. Sudhindra","doi":"10.1109/ICDL.2011.6015438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL.2011.6015438","url":null,"abstract":"The charging tendency of mineral oils and other insulating liquids like synthetic ester oil and Silicone oil were studied. Mixtures of ester oil in different concentrations and mineral oils were investigated. Apart from characterising Electrostatic Charging Tendency (ECT), other parameters like kinematic viscosity and resistivity at different temperatures have also been evaluated and compared to understand the variation in their electrical and physical performances. The results indicate that ester oil exhibit higher charging tendency compared to mineral oils. The mixtures indicated lower charging tendency compared to mineral oils.","PeriodicalId":364451,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Dielectric Liquids","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123226809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. V. Dung, F. Mauseth, H. Hoidalen, D. Linhjell, S. Ingebrigtsen, L. Lundgaard, M. Unge
{"title":"Streamers in large paraffinic oil gap","authors":"N. V. Dung, F. Mauseth, H. Hoidalen, D. Linhjell, S. Ingebrigtsen, L. Lundgaard, M. Unge","doi":"10.1109/ICDL.2011.6015465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL.2011.6015465","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on studying characteristics of streamers in Exxsol D140. The experiments were carried out with 80 mm point-plane gap under step-voltage up to 540 kV.","PeriodicalId":364451,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Dielectric Liquids","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124911729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Ayrault, J. Chang, G. Harvel, D. Ewing, H. Hirata, S. Matsumoto, P. Fanson
{"title":"Reforming of diesel fuel by a recirculation type pulsed voltage electrohydrodynamic atomization","authors":"C. Ayrault, J. Chang, G. Harvel, D. Ewing, H. Hirata, S. Matsumoto, P. Fanson","doi":"10.1109/ICDL.2011.6015407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL.2011.6015407","url":null,"abstract":"An experimental investigation has been conducted to study diesel fuel reforming by a recirculation type electrohydrodynamic atomization system (REHDA). The fuel in the EHD atomization system was injected through a hollow tube electrode that was powered using a high voltage pulse power supply. A hollow ring on the ceramic holder for the hollow tube served as the ground electrode. Experiments were performed for diesel fuel with a flow rate of 4 mL/min. The fuel was recirculated through the EHD atomization system 1 to 5 times. The maximum applied voltage varied from 0 to 26 kV at a pulse repetition rate of 200 Hz. The liquid by-products from the REHDA system were analyzed using a GC. The results showed the REHDA could achieve significant cracking of the large CxHy components to the decane level.","PeriodicalId":364451,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Dielectric Liquids","volume":"186 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114852544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Numerical analysis of the effect of an EHD actuator on the flow past a square cylinder","authors":"P. Traoré, C. Louste","doi":"10.1109/ICDL.2011.6015462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL.2011.6015462","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we demonstrate how it is possible to control the flow of a dielectric liquid past a square cylinder with a simple actuator based on three electrodes ideally placed on its surface. Two-dimensional numerical simulations coupling the flow and the EHD equations have been undertaken and the vortex shedding occurring when the Reynolds number is high enough has been controlled. Indeed, the secondary flow induced by the electric charge injected from the two emitters electrodes interacts with the primary flow and suppresses the vortex shedding and wipe out the Karman vortex street supposed to evolve in the wake for a short while. Later, the flow recovers its periodic structure but this time the frequency and amplitude of the vortex shedding is clearly decreased. Flow patterns are displayed showing this effect.","PeriodicalId":364451,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Dielectric Liquids","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116221145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}