Personality Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"A four-factor model of psychopathy assessed via neural reinforcement sensitivity theory.","authors":"Ella M Dickison, Phoebe Suat-Hong Neo, Calvin K Young, Neil McNaughton, Martin Sellbom","doi":"10.1017/pen.2026.10008","DOIUrl":"10.1017/pen.2026.10008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) most clearly relates to internalizing disorders. But a weak behavioural inhibition system (BIS as defined by RST) could underlie externalising, in general, and psychopathy in particular (Fowles, 1980). Conventional \"rationally derived\" RST scales (rRST) are not anchored in neurally defined RST systems (nRST). So, here, we use both rRST and nRST measures to assess psychopathy traits. We operationalised psychopathy via a four-factor model (<i>affective</i> | <i>interpersonal</i> | <i>disinhibition</i> | <i>boldness</i>). We operationalised rRST via the Heym, Ferguson & Lawrence (2008) updated version of Carver and White's (1994) BIS/BAS scales (<i>BAS | BIS | FFFS)</i>. We operationalised nRST (goal inhibition system, GIS; goal repulsion system, GRS) via previously validated (Shadli et al., 2021) rhythmic power in the stop signal task (SST) and (goal approach system, GAS) via previously validated ERPs in the doors task. Initial bivariate correlations of psychopathy factors with rRST scales were as expected. We found no significant associations between psychopathy factors and nRST measures. A series of post hoc exploratory repeated measures ANOVAs guarded against non-linearity between psychopathy and nRST constructs. These found that: (1) <i>Disinhibition</i> traits might be explained (unexpectedly) by <i>increased</i> sensitivity in the GIS (i.e., conflict) and GRS (i.e., repulsion) and <i>decreased</i> sensitivity in the GAS (i.e., attraction). (2) <i>Affective</i> traits might be explained, as expected, by decreased sensitivity in the GIS and GRS. But an unexpected positive association was also found in the alpha frequency range for the GRS. So, nRST systems (particularly GIS) do not explain psychopathy. rRST scales were more aligned with expectations but were explained via their \"rational\" basis not RST per se. Unlike internalizing, nRST does not appear strongly related to externalising disorders in general and psychopathy in particular. rRST appears distinct from nRST.</p>","PeriodicalId":36424,"journal":{"name":"Personality Neuroscience","volume":"9 ","pages":"e4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13370198/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148457135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shedding light on social dominance within the affective neuroscience personality scales.","authors":"Kenneth L Davis, Christian Montag","doi":"10.1017/pen.2026.10007","DOIUrl":"10.1017/pen.2026.10007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the present paper we present psychometric properties on a Social Dominance scale from items which are embedded in the Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales 3.1. In two samples we show that psychometrics of the Social Dominance scale are sufficient and that correlations with scales measuring Panksepp's primary emotional systems fail to consistently reach statistical significance with the exception of associations with ANGER (moderate effect size), SEEKING and CARE (small effect sizes). No associations with satisfaction with life and only small negative associations with Spirituality could be observed. We concur with Panksepp that Social Dominance is not a primary emotion but is a learned secondary emotion involving several primary emotions. We show evidence that Social Dominance is not the same as ANGER. We also briefly review mammalian (including humans) evidence that supports the view that Social Dominance is learned and also that the ANGER, SEEKING, and CARE primary mammalian emotions contribute to the learning of Social Dominance.</p>","PeriodicalId":36424,"journal":{"name":"Personality Neuroscience","volume":"9 ","pages":"e3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13244340/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148212848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autistic traits and proneness to shame and guilt: The mediating role of functional connectivity of cortical midline structures.","authors":"Isaac N Ip, Hey Tou Chiu, Fiona N Y Ching, Chun-Kit Law, Esther H L Tang, Clayton S F Ng, Savio W H Wong","doi":"10.1017/pen.2025.10004","DOIUrl":"10.1017/pen.2025.10004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Shame and guilt are similar yet distinct self-conscious emotions that often facilitate the attainment of social goals and motivate behaviors that promote social acceptance. Recent studies have shown that individuals with autism or high autistic traits may tend to exhibit higher shame-proneness and lower guilt-proneness. This study examined whether this profile of self-conscious emotions can be explained by the functional organization of the brain using resting-state fMRI. Autistic traits, shame- and guilt-proneness and whole-brain resting-state fMRI data were measured in 45 neurotypical individuals. Our results revealed that the positive association between autistic traits and shame-proneness was mediated by resting-state functional connectivity between the right frontal pole and several regions among the cortical midline structures, including the precuneus, anterior cingulate and posterior cingulate. Additionally, functional connectivity between the right frontal pole and precuneus was found to mediate the negative association between autistic traits and guilt-proneness. These findings highlight the role of the cortical midline structures as a key neural substrate underlying differential experiences of negative self-conscious emotions among individuals with high autistic traits.</p>","PeriodicalId":36424,"journal":{"name":"Personality Neuroscience","volume":"9 ","pages":"e2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13125281/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of neuro-metabolites in borderline and antisocial personality disorders: A study based on proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.","authors":"Seyyede Sahar Asgari Ghalebin, Sajjad Bashrpour, Niloufar Mikaeili, Nader Hajloo, Fatemeh Gholipour","doi":"10.1017/pen.2025.10005","DOIUrl":"10.1017/pen.2025.10005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to investigate the neurochemical differences between borderline personality disorder (BPD) and antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H-MRS) in order to explore these disorders at a neurobiological level. In this cross-sectional study, 60 individuals with BPD and 60 individuals with ASPD participated. ¹H-MRS was performed using a Discovery MR 750 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scanner with a 3.0 Tesla field strength to measure the levels of the metabolites GABA/Cr, N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/Cr, and glutamate (Glu)/Cr in the left anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the left orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) of the brain. The findings indicated that concentrations of GABA/Cr and Glu/Cr in the OFC were significantly higher in BPD patients compared to those with ASPD. In the ACC, GABA/Cr levels were elevated and NAA/Cr levels were reduced in the BPD group relative to the ASPD group. No significant differences were observed in Glu/Cr concentrations in the ACC or in NAA/Cr concentrations in the OFC. This study demonstrated significant neurochemical differences between BPD and ASPD in the ACC and OFC regions. These findings may enhance our understanding of the underlying neural mechanisms of these disorders and support the development of more targeted and effective therapeutic approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":36424,"journal":{"name":"Personality Neuroscience","volume":"9 ","pages":"e1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12805192/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145999215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elucidating the structure of depressive symptoms, emotion regulation, and their interrelatedness in autistic adults: A network analysis.","authors":"Goldie A McQuaid, Nancy Raitano Lee, Gregory L Wallace","doi":"10.1017/pen.2025.10006","DOIUrl":"10.1017/pen.2025.10006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Relative to the general population, autistic adults are at elevated risk for depression. Factors related to this risk are poorly understood, yet identifying such factors is important for improving mental health in autistic people. Emotion regulation (ER) challenges may be one such factor. However, few studies have examined ER challenges and depression in autistic adults. We examined ER challenges, depressive symptomatology and their associations in 775 (aged 18-83 years) autistic adults using network analysis, a method that permits identification of key components of ER and depression and their interrelatedness. Three non-regularized weighted undirected networks were estimated: ER challenges, depressive symptomatology, and combined ER-depressive challenges. Community structures revealed in the ER challenges and depressive symptomatology networks align with theoretical/nosological models of ER challenges/depressive symptoms as well as extant research using network analysis to examine these constructs. The combined ER challenges-depressive symptomatology network indicated that ER challenges and depressive symptomatology are interrelated but distinct constructs. These preliminary findings using cross-sectional data provide a first step in understanding associations between a candidate factor in depression vulnerability in autistic adults - ER challenges - and identify important future research directions.</p>","PeriodicalId":36424,"journal":{"name":"Personality Neuroscience","volume":"8 ","pages":"e6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12644957/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145640277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variability and stability of autistic traits in the general population: A systematic comparison between online and in-lab samples.","authors":"Qianying Wu, Qianhui Hong, Na Yeon Kim, Ralph Adolphs, Lynn K Paul, Caroline J Charpentier","doi":"10.1017/pen.2025.10001","DOIUrl":"10.1017/pen.2025.10001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The surge of online psychological assessments have brought the autism research community both opportunities and challenges: while they enable rapid large-scale data collection and more power to characterize individual differences, they also bring concerns about data quality, generalizability beyond online samples, and whether autistic traits can be reliably characterized with self-report measures administered online. Here we tackle these concerns by providing a systematic characterization of the autistic traits variability across individuals in a large cross-sectional dataset (<i>N</i> = 2826) as well as its temporal reliability within individuals in a test-retest dataset (<i>N</i> = 247), with both online and in-lab samples. We measured autistic traits using the Social Responsiveness Scale, 2nd version, Adult Self Report (SRS-2-ASR) - a tool that quantifies individual differences in autistic traits along a continuum for the general adult population. Across individuals, we found elevated SRS scores in online samples and were able to trace this effect to specific subsets of SRS items. SRS scores also covaried with internalizing symptoms, decreased with age, and were lower in women compared to other genders. Within individuals, we find moderate-to-good test-retest reliability of SRS scores over long intervals, with no difference between online and in-lab samples, suggesting robust temporal stability. We conclude that there are systematic differences in autistic traits between online and in-lab samples that are partly explained by systematic population-level differences in internalizing symptoms, particularly social anxiety. Future studies that sample across different populations should measure, control for, or stratify with respect to these factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":36424,"journal":{"name":"Personality Neuroscience","volume":"8 ","pages":"e5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12516608/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145293912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autistic traits modulate neural and behavioral responses to social vs nonsocial rewards.","authors":"Anthony Haffey, Chun-Ting Hsu, Bhismadev Chakrabarti","doi":"10.1017/pen.2025.10003","DOIUrl":"10.1017/pen.2025.10003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Social rewards (e.g. smiles) powerfully shape human behavior, starting from early childhood. Yet, the neural architecture that enables differential processing of social and nonsocial rewards remains largely unknown. Few previous studies that directly compared social vs nonsocial stimuli have used stimuli that have low ecological validity or are not matched on low-level stimulus parameters - limiting the scope of inference. To address this gap in knowledge, social and nonsocial reward images taken from the real world were matched on valence, arousal, and key low-level stimulus properties and presented to 37 adults in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study. Individual self-reported preference for social images was associated with the functional connectivity between the left anterior insula (LAI) and medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC), as well as that between the left Fusiform Gyrus (LFG) and the Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC). Autistic traits negatively modulated LAI - mOFC connectivity and LFG - ACC connectivity. Reduced functional connectivity between these regions may contribute to the lower social reward responsivity in individuals with high autistic traits, as also noted from their lower valence ratings to social rewards. This study provides evidence for a new experimental paradigm to test social reward processing at a behavioral and neural level, which can contribute to potential transdiagnostic biomarkers for social cognitive processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":36424,"journal":{"name":"Personality Neuroscience","volume":"8 ","pages":"e4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12450549/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145126046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using the cognitive rigidity-flexibility dimension to deepen our understanding of the autism spectrum.","authors":"Shannon Cahalan, Stephen R Mitroff, Francys Subiaul, Gabriela Rosenblau","doi":"10.1017/pen.2025.10002","DOIUrl":"10.1017/pen.2025.10002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is defined as a unidimensional condition, and autism traits are measured on a continuum where the high end of the spectrum represents individuals likely to have an ASD diagnosis. However, the large heterogeneity of ASD has thrown this unidimensional conceptualization into question. With the exact underlying cause(s) of autism yet to be identified, there is a pressing need to establish core, underlying dimensions of ASD that can capture heterogeneity within the autism spectrum, thereby better specifying both autistic traits and ASD symptoms. Here we describe one important transdiagnostic dimension, <i>the cognitive rigidity-flexibility dimension</i>, that may impact autistic traits and symptoms across symptom-relevant cognitive domains. We first discuss how diminished cognitive flexibility manifests in core autistic traits and autism symptoms in perception, attention, learning, social cognition, and communication. We then propose to supplement assessments of autistic traits in the general population and autism symptoms in individuals with an ASD diagnosis with a comprehensive batter of cognitive flexibility measures in these symptom-relevant domains. We conjecture that systematic differences in domain-general versus domain-specific cognitive flexibility can distill subgroups within the autism phenotype. While we focus on the cognitive flexibility dimension here, we believe that it is important to extend this framework to other higher order dimensions that can capture core autism symptoms and transdiagnostic symptom severity. This approach can characterize the latent, multi-faceted structure of autism, thereby yielding greater precision in diagnostic classification and the creation of more targeted interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":36424,"journal":{"name":"Personality Neuroscience","volume":"8 ","pages":"e3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12450550/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145126060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A computational cognitive neuroscience approach for characterizing individual differences in autism: Introduction to Special Issue.","authors":"Wenda Liu, Agnieszka Pluta, Caroline J Charpentier, Gabriela Rosenblau","doi":"10.1017/pen.2025.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/pen.2025.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traditional psychological research has often treated inter-subject variability as statistical noise (even, <i>nuisance</i> variance), focusing instead on averages rather than individual differences. This approach has limited our understanding of the substantial heterogeneity observed in neuropsychiatric disorders, particularly autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this introduction to a special issue on this theme, we discuss recent advances in cognitive computational neuroscience that can lead to a more systematic notion of core symptom dimensions that differentiate between ASD subtypes. These advances include large participant databases and data-sharing initiatives to increase sample sizes of autistic individuals across a wider range of cultural and socioeconomic backgrounds. Our perspective helps to build bridges between autism symptomatology and individual differences in autistic traits in the non-autistic population and introduces finer-grained dynamic methods to capture behavioral dynamics at the individual level. We specifically focus on how cognitive computational models have emerged as powerful tools to better characterize autistic traits in the general population and autistic population, particularly with respect to social decision-making. We finally outline how we can combine and harness these recent advances, on the one hand, big data initiatives, and on the other hand, cognitive computational models, to achieve a more systematic and nuanced understanding of autism that can lead to improved diagnostic accuracy and personalized interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":36424,"journal":{"name":"Personality Neuroscience","volume":"8 ","pages":"e2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12035782/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144047574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: Trait sensitivity to stress and cognitive bias processes in fish: A brief overview - ERRATUM.","authors":"Jhon Buenhombre, Erika Alexandra Daza-Cardona, Daniel Mota-Rojas, Adriana Domínguez-Oliva, Astrid Rivera, Catalina Medrano-Galarza, Paulo De Tarso Teles Dourado De Arago, María Nelly Cajiao-Pachón, Francisco Vargas, Adriana Pedraza-Toscano, Pêssi Sousa","doi":"10.1017/pen.2025.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/pen.2025.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1017/pen.2023.14.].</p>","PeriodicalId":36424,"journal":{"name":"Personality Neuroscience","volume":"8 ","pages":"e1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11867814/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143543802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}