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Competition Law Journal最新文献

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Is market power on the rise? Potential explanations and implications for competition 市场力量在上升吗？对竞争的潜在解释和影响
Competition Law Journal Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.4337/CLJ.2019.02.04
A. Ragno, F. Arduini, N. Rosenboom
{"title":"Is market power on the rise? Potential explanations and implications for competition","authors":"A. Ragno, F. Arduini, N. Rosenboom","doi":"10.4337/CLJ.2019.02.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/CLJ.2019.02.04","url":null,"abstract":"The suggestion that there has been a widespread reduction in competition across many industries has been widely discussed in recent years by academics, policymakers and the media. But what does the empirical evidence actually say, and what are potential causes and policy options? This article provides a critical assessment of the ever-growing evidence base and draws conclusions on potential policy responses.","PeriodicalId":36415,"journal":{"name":"Competition Law Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47302653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The German FCO's decision against Facebook: a first step towards the creation of digital house rules? 德国外交部反对Facebook的决定:朝着制定数字家庭规则迈出的第一步?
Competition Law Journal Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.4337/CLJ.2019.02.01
K. Fountoukakos, M. Nuys, J. Penz, P. Rowland
{"title":"The German FCO's decision against Facebook: a first step towards the creation of digital house rules?","authors":"K. Fountoukakos, M. Nuys, J. Penz, P. Rowland","doi":"10.4337/CLJ.2019.02.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/CLJ.2019.02.01","url":null,"abstract":"The 2019 decision by the German Federal Cartel Office (‘FCO’) against Facebook for its alleged abuse of a dominant position through its data collection practices is a landmark case that has received close attention beyond the German borders. It is the first case in which a European competition authority has found that terms of use that breach relevant principles under the data privacy framework can constitute abusive conduct in the form of an exploitative abuse under the competition rules. The case raises questions as to the relationship between the two legal frameworks. The FCO found that Facebook‘s terms of use and data collection practices constituted exploitative business terms directly harming Facebook users and also had detrimental effects on competition by reinforcing Facebook's market power in the social network market and advertising market. The case raises interesting questions on market definition and dominance in digital markets as well as on causality between dominance and abuse. In the bigger picture the Facebook case fits into the continuous efforts by the FCO to apply competition law in the digital sector in a dynamic manner. This article examines the FCO's reasoning in the Facebook Decision and outlines some challenges that companies in the digital sector might face in the aftermath of the decision.","PeriodicalId":36415,"journal":{"name":"Competition Law Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43015005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Non-price effects of mergers 合并的非价格效应
Competition Law Journal Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.4337/CLJ.2019.02.03
Peter Wantoch, R. Ferrari, Joel Bamford, M. Duarte
{"title":"Non-price effects of mergers","authors":"Peter Wantoch, R. Ferrari, Joel Bamford, M. Duarte","doi":"10.4337/CLJ.2019.02.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/CLJ.2019.02.03","url":null,"abstract":"The Competition and Markets Authority (‘CMA’) assesses both the price and the non-price effects of mergers. The relative importance of each depends on the process of rivalry between the merging firms and their competitors. Dynamic non-price effects, for instance on innovation, are potentially important, as the CMA found in the ICE/Trayport merger, which was prohibited. Non-price parameters such as quality, range and service are also important and are considered in particular when mergers occur in markets where price competition is limited, for example public services such as hospitals and regulated markets such as pharmacies.","PeriodicalId":36415,"journal":{"name":"Competition Law Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4337/CLJ.2019.02.03","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45835721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Different ways to skin a cat? The Balmoral Tanks information exchange appeal 给猫剥皮的不同方法？巴尔莫勒尔坦克信息交流呼吁
Competition Law Journal Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.4337/CLJ.2019.02.02
Nicole Kar, A. Mitchell
{"title":"Different ways to skin a cat? The Balmoral Tanks information exchange appeal","authors":"Nicole Kar, A. Mitchell","doi":"10.4337/CLJ.2019.02.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/CLJ.2019.02.02","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyzes the Court of Appeal's judgment in the Balmoral Tanks information exchange case, upholding the Competition and Markets Authority's decision to fine Balmoral Tanks for the exchange of competitively sensitive information at a single meeting even though Balmoral Tanks was not part of a wider cartel. This judgment demonstrates the strict enforcement of competition law to information exchanges and the CMA's unusual approach adopting two separate infringement decisions – one relating to the main cartel and a separate decision relating to the information exchange – even though the participants to the cartel were also involved in the information exchange.","PeriodicalId":36415,"journal":{"name":"Competition Law Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44045180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Lawyers come from Mars, and economists come from Venus – or is it the other way round? Some thoughts on expert economic evidence in competition cases 律师来自火星，经济学家来自金星——还是相反？关于竞争案件中专家经济证据的几点思考
Competition Law Journal Pub Date : 2019-03-01 DOI: 10.4337/CLJ.2019.01.01
Marcus L. Smith
{"title":"Lawyers come from Mars, and economists come from Venus – or is it the other way round? Some thoughts on expert economic evidence in competition cases","authors":"Marcus L. Smith","doi":"10.4337/CLJ.2019.01.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/CLJ.2019.01.01","url":null,"abstract":"The deployment of complex expert economic evidence is a common feature of competition litigation. However, fundamental differences in thinking between lawyers and economists may have a bearing on the content and presentation of that evidence. This article considers the respective roles of lawyers and economists in competition litigation in the High Court and the Competition Appeal Tribunal, and how those roles interlink in practice.","PeriodicalId":36415,"journal":{"name":"Competition Law Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4337/CLJ.2019.01.01","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49298431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Book review: Pier Luigi Parcu, Giorgio Monti and Marco Botta (eds), Private Enforcement of EU Competition Law: The Impact of the Damages Directive (Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2018, 256 pp.) 书评：Pier Luigi Parcu，Giorgio Monti和Marco Botta（编辑），《欧盟竞争法的私人执法：损害赔偿指令的影响》（Edward Elgar出版社，切尔滕纳姆2018，256页）
Competition Law Journal Pub Date : 2019-03-01 DOI: 10.4337/CLJ.2019.01.07
M. O’Regan
{"title":"Book review: Pier Luigi Parcu, Giorgio Monti and Marco Botta (eds), Private Enforcement of EU Competition Law: The Impact of the Damages Directive (Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2018, 256 pp.)","authors":"M. O’Regan","doi":"10.4337/CLJ.2019.01.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/CLJ.2019.01.07","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36415,"journal":{"name":"Competition Law Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45389070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Vertical mergers and the vGUPPI: quantifying vertical foreclosure 垂直并购与vGUPPI：量化垂直止赎
Competition Law Journal Pub Date : 2019-03-01 DOI: 10.4337/clj.2019.01.06
Ilaria Fanton, Spyros Droukopoulos, Matthew Johnson
{"title":"Vertical mergers and the vGUPPI: quantifying vertical foreclosure","authors":"Ilaria Fanton, Spyros Droukopoulos, Matthew Johnson","doi":"10.4337/clj.2019.01.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/clj.2019.01.06","url":null,"abstract":"Competition authorities around the world have for many years used sophisticated quantitative tools to assess the likely scale of harm from horizontal mergers. More recently, vertical mergers have also been increasingly scrutinized by competition authorities using a range of quantitative tools. These tools help the authorities to quantify the incentive of the merging parties to enact vertical foreclosure strategies that would harm competition.\u0000\u0000One of those tools, known as the vGUPPI (vertical gross upward pricing pressure index), uses the same theoretical economic framework as the quantitative assessment used in horizontal merger assessments. This article explains how the vGUPPI tool works and uses two recent merger decisions of the Competition and Markets Authority in the groceries sector as case studies.","PeriodicalId":36415,"journal":{"name":"Competition Law Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48866550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
BritNed v. ABB: lessons from the first follow-on damages claim to reach judgment in the English courts BritNed诉ABB案：英国法院对第一次后续损害赔偿索赔作出判决的经验教训
Competition Law Journal Pub Date : 2019-03-01 DOI: 10.4337/CLJ.2019.01.02
Lara Hall
{"title":"BritNed v. ABB: lessons from the first follow-on damages claim to reach judgment in the English courts","authors":"Lara Hall","doi":"10.4337/CLJ.2019.01.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/CLJ.2019.01.02","url":null,"abstract":"The case of BritNed v. ABB is the first time a claim for damages following on from a competition authority's cartel infringement decision has proceeded through trial and to final judgment in the English courts. The judgment provides useful guidance on the approach the English courts may take to the quantification of damages in cartel damages cases. This article looks at the manner in which the judgment grappled with three key areas of evidential dispute in the case, which resulted in the court rejecting the claimant's economic case. The article also considers how the findings in the case may influence the manner in which competition damages claims are pursued in the future.","PeriodicalId":36415,"journal":{"name":"Competition Law Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46164041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Vertical restraints in an online world: competition authorities gear up their enforcement approach in the digital economy 网络世界的垂直约束：竞争主管部门在数字经济中加大执法力度
Competition Law Journal Pub Date : 2019-03-01 DOI: 10.4337/CLJ.2019.01.03
Marc Israel, Jacquelyn F. MacLennan, J. Jeram
{"title":"Vertical restraints in an online world: competition authorities gear up their enforcement approach in the digital economy","authors":"Marc Israel, Jacquelyn F. MacLennan, J. Jeram","doi":"10.4337/CLJ.2019.01.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/CLJ.2019.01.03","url":null,"abstract":"The regulation of vertical restraints is a long-standing facet of competition law, governed at the European level by Article 101 TFEU. However, in the new era of digitization, algorithmic price monitoring and price setting has the potential to lead to rapid and widespread price changes across entire online marketplaces for suppliers, often leading to lower prices, which benefit consumers. The manner in which suppliers react to these pressures has resulted in behaviours that may involve collusion, but more often are reminiscent of classic vertical restraints, albeit in the new digital era. The article considers how the European Commission and some Member States’ national competition authorities have been tackling vertical restraints in the online world, and considers the implications as the European economy continues to digitize.","PeriodicalId":36415,"journal":{"name":"Competition Law Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44621976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Excessive intervention? A review of recent excessive pricing investigations 过度的干预?对近期过度定价调查的回顾
Competition Law Journal Pub Date : 2019-03-01 DOI: 10.4337/CLJ.2019.01.04
B. Ignjatovic, P. Hutchinson
{"title":"Excessive intervention? A review of recent excessive pricing investigations","authors":"B. Ignjatovic, P. Hutchinson","doi":"10.4337/CLJ.2019.01.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/CLJ.2019.01.04","url":null,"abstract":"This article considers the implications of a number of recent cases and court judgments on excessive pricing. It first outlines the economic risks associated with antitrust interventions on excessive pricing. It then seeks to identify a narrow set of specific market conditions to which competition authorities could consider limiting their use of competition law against alleged excessive pricing. The article also highlights the practical challenges in implementing the economic and legal tests for excessive pricing. Finally, it considers whether competition policy is the most appropriate tool with which to ensure that consumers are not charged excessive prices.","PeriodicalId":36415,"journal":{"name":"Competition Law Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48073831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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