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The Co-Production of National and Technological Orders 国家订单与技术订单的协同生产
Vulcan Pub Date : 2022-03-02 DOI: 10.1163/22134603-09010007
A. Barell
{"title":"The Co-Production of National and Technological Orders","authors":"A. Barell","doi":"10.1163/22134603-09010007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22134603-09010007","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This paper will follow the birth of Israel’s first military research organization, the Israeli Science Corps (“Hemed” in Hebrew), and present a glimpse at a formative moment in the creation of Israel’s military R&D system which is responsible for Israel’s leading role as an arms exporter and high-tech center. The article presents the historical context of Hemed’s establishment, explores the different actors involved in the struggle over its creation, and points to some of the reasons for Hemed’s success in becoming an important participant in arms production. The emergence of a new military R&D organization marked the rise and institutionalization of a new weapon-production culture promoting research, experimentation, and technological innovations. The outcome of this coalition between a group of scientists, a political leader, civilian industry, and academic institutions provides a case study in the co-production of new socio-political and technological orders.","PeriodicalId":36324,"journal":{"name":"Vulcan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46323153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dale E. Wilson. 2018. Treat ‘Em Rough! The Birth of American Armor 1917–20 戴尔·e·威尔逊，2018。粗暴地对待他们!1917 - 1920年美国装甲部队的诞生
Vulcan Pub Date : 2022-03-02 DOI: 10.1163/22134603-09010009
C. Ketcherside
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引用次数: 0
Visualizing Tanks 可视化的坦克
Vulcan Pub Date : 2022-03-02 DOI: 10.1163/22134603-09010004
B. Hacker
{"title":"Visualizing Tanks","authors":"B. Hacker","doi":"10.1163/22134603-09010004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22134603-09010004","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Rapidly changing technology transformed not only military affairs in the half century before 1914 but also the printing industry. In particular, images of all kinds became available to the public on an unprecedented scale. This allowed governments to call on artists both to propagandize the war effort and record the world-historical events. In the images they created during the Great War, official war artists did much to shape the public perceptions of such novel technologies as the tank. Especially in the robust war art programs of Britain and France, artists emphasized the blank menace of machines without evidence of human agency. Images of implacable machines rearing over blasted landscapes appeared in salons, books, magazines, newspapers, and in the new medium of film. The images sank home. During the interwar period, military mechanization incorporated tanks into armored forces that projected that same menace and invincibility on a larger scale, the very characteristics that commended tank forces to totalitarian regimes.","PeriodicalId":36324,"journal":{"name":"Vulcan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44762797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Lori A. Henning. 2019. Harnessing the Airplane: American and British Cavalry Responses to a New Technology, 1903–1939 Lori A.Henning。2019.驾驭飞机：美国和英国骑兵对新技术的反应，1903–1939
Vulcan Pub Date : 2022-03-02 DOI: 10.1163/22134603-09010008
Andrea Siotto
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引用次数: 0
Development Obscured 发展模糊
Vulcan Pub Date : 2022-03-02 DOI: 10.1163/22134603-09010006
Yoel Bergman
{"title":"Development Obscured","authors":"Yoel Bergman","doi":"10.1163/22134603-09010006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22134603-09010006","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Two postwar publications, one by osrd’s veterans and one by Army historians, differ on the key players and events in their joint wwii recoilless project, and a prior mortar one. The osrd’s famed Dr. C. Hickman was the key player in both projects, despite the Army’s account. In 1942–1944, the range of Army’s 4.2-inch (107mm) Mortar (4.2M), was increased, mostly by improving its inner ballistics such as upgrading the propellant charge. To fire directly at bunkers, unfeasible with a mortar, an idea was raised for a recoilless version, based on a nozzle replacing the 4.2M barrel’s rear cap. By 1944, the 4.2-inch Recoilless-Rifle (4.2rr) was ready. In the osrd’s account, most likely written by Hickman himself, Hickman was first to raise the recoilless idea and the appropriate 4.2M changes. Yet in the Army’s account, an officer raised the recoilless idea while Hickman led the 4.2rr detailed design. In the same account Hickman was missing in the story of the 4.2M range increase. Supporting data for Hickman, not appearing in either source, helps clarify the history, specifically Hickman’s patents filed in 1944–1945 on inventing the 4.2rr and improving mortar propellants based on his role in the 4.2M. After the war he received a presidential award for his wwii inventions such as as recoilless, and his 4.2rr/4.2M patents were eventually approved. Being asked to assist Sandia Laboratories in New Mexico on missile development in 1950, he there filed a patent in 1952 (assigned to the Army), to improve the 4.2rr projectile penetration, even though the 4.2rr was retired in 1947. The patent is likely an outcome of Hickman’s 1950–1952, 4.2rr upgrade requested by the Army and probably for use in Korea, due to the faulty 105-mm rr. It is also proposed that Hickman and his work on the 4.2rr for the Army, may have inspired Sandia to develop recoilless in the mid-1950s, specifically the 120 mm and 155 mm short range, light recoilless guns for firing small nuclear warheads that came to be known as the Davy Crockett system. They resembled the 4.2rr and accepted by the Army over other options in 1958, Hickman’s last year for Sandia.","PeriodicalId":36324,"journal":{"name":"Vulcan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47045406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Tommy Gun in Jungle Warfare 丛林战争中的汤米枪
Vulcan Pub Date : 2022-03-02 DOI: 10.1163/22134603-09010005
John Moremon
{"title":"The Tommy Gun in Jungle Warfare","authors":"John Moremon","doi":"10.1163/22134603-09010005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22134603-09010005","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Australian soldiers fighting on the Kokoda Trail in New Guinea in 1942 found the Thompson submachine gun to be indispensable. Lessons derived from this battle shaped Australian jungle warfare doctrine. Australian historians acknowledge the tactical use of submachine guns in this battle, which was one of the first in Southwest Pacific Area, but have somewhat overlooked the “Tommy” gun. The emphasis has instead been given to another submachine gun, the Australian-designed Owen gun, which came slightly later. This article examines the use and usefulness of the Tommy gun for Australian soldiers on the Kokoda Trail. It establishes that this gun was tactically and comparatively more important than has been presumed. The manner in which soldiers embraced and utilized the Thompson gun was important for their tactical adaptation to jungle warfare and the defeat of the Japanese.","PeriodicalId":36324,"journal":{"name":"Vulcan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46115902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Playing Hide-and-Seek in the German Press 在德国媒体上玩捉迷藏
Vulcan Pub Date : 2022-03-02 DOI: 10.1163/22134603-09010003
Noemi Quagliati
{"title":"Playing Hide-and-Seek in the German Press","authors":"Noemi Quagliati","doi":"10.1163/22134603-09010003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22134603-09010003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This paper analyzes the topic of World War I vertical camouflage—that is, camouflaging objects on the ground from observation from the air—particularly showing its presence and absence in German public discourse of the time. Together with the dazzle scheme for ships, vertical camouflage represented a strategic visual novelty of World War i. The introduction of new visualities (e.g. the airplane view) and increased visibility (through optical technologies like aerial photography) drove the armies to elaborate specific camouflage patterns, employing both naturalistic and abstract motifs. Although widespread scholarship explores camouflage in the Great War, most of the narratives focus on the evolution of horizontal camouflage from the animal world, the mutual influences of military camouflage and avant-garde art, and the role of women in camouflage workshops. Nevertheless, contrary to the interest shown in large-scale deception projects in World War ii, only a restricted number of studies explore the practice of World War i vertical camouflage outside the context of Allied use.","PeriodicalId":36324,"journal":{"name":"Vulcan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44712699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mark T. Peters II. 2019. Cashing In on Cyber-Power: How Interdependent Actors Seek Economic Outcomes in a Digital World 马克·t·彼得斯二世2019. 利用网络力量赚钱:相互依赖的行动者如何在数字世界中寻求经济成果
Vulcan Pub Date : 2022-03-02 DOI: 10.1163/22134603-09010013
Philip R. Egert
{"title":"Mark T. Peters II. 2019. Cashing In on Cyber-Power: How Interdependent Actors Seek Economic Outcomes in a Digital World","authors":"Philip R. Egert","doi":"10.1163/22134603-09010013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22134603-09010013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36324,"journal":{"name":"Vulcan","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43732564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
New Eyes for the Army 军队的新眼光
Vulcan Pub Date : 2022-03-02 DOI: 10.1163/22134603-09010002
Andrea Siotto
{"title":"New Eyes for the Army","authors":"Andrea Siotto","doi":"10.1163/22134603-09010002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22134603-09010002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Trench warfare pushed armies to adapt to modern warfare. This process of innovation was often driven by the troops on the front line, who tried to survive and succeed on the battlefield. Understanding the terrain, finding enemy’s positions, and hiding from his eyes have always been the basic needs of an army, and all three received much attention during the conflict. Scientists provided new tools such a sound ranging, providing means to record the position of well-hidden enemy’s batteries; photographers recorded the landscape, contributing to the tactical and strategic intelligence; and artists use their skills to develop camouflage to hide the armies from the controlling eyes of enemy observers. The contribution from the ground of these three groups changed how armies perceived the battlefield, helping the development of modern warfare.","PeriodicalId":36324,"journal":{"name":"Vulcan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46480996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ian E. J. Hill. 2018. Advocating Weapons, War, and Terrorism 伊恩·E·J·希尔。2018.倡导武器、战争和恐怖主义
Vulcan Pub Date : 2020-12-18 DOI: 10.1163/22134603-08010009
Nicholas M. Sambaluk
{"title":"Ian E. J. Hill. 2018. Advocating Weapons, War, and Terrorism","authors":"Nicholas M. Sambaluk","doi":"10.1163/22134603-08010009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22134603-08010009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36324,"journal":{"name":"Vulcan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44203612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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