Exercise Science最新文献

{"title":"Comparing Cardiopulmonary Functions of National Race Walkers by Walking and Running during Graded Exercise Testing","authors":"Bong-ju Sung, Min-Ho Lee, K. Lee","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2022.00206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2022.00206","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify a sport-specific assessment for elite race-walking athletes by comparing physiological responses between walking and running graded exercise test (GXT) protocols.METHODS: Six elite race-walking athletes completed both walking and running protocols in a randomized crossover design with 1 week interval between trials. Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), ventilation (VE), and heart rate (HR) were measured throughout and after each trial, and blood lactate levels were collected during the recovery period.RESULTS: There were significant differences in VO2max, VE, and HR values between the walking and running protocols (p<.001). During the recovery period, VO2max, VE, HR, and blood lactate levels were significantly different in each measurement (p<.001); however, there was no difference between the walking and running protocols.CONCLUSIONS: Based on these results, both the walking and running GXT protocols were inappropriate for assessing elite racewalking athletes. This study suggests that a supplement GXT protocol is required to specifically assess elite race-walking athletes.","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44181856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Blood Flow Restriction Non-Linear Periodization Strength Training on Muscle Strength and Function in Elite Athletes","authors":"Jung-Ran Song, Sang-Hyun Lee, Dong-Ho Park","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2022.00346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2022.00346","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of resistance exercise with intermittent blood flow restriction (BFR) on the muscle thickness, maximal strength, and isokinetic muscular function (strength, power, endurance) in high school field hockey athletes.METHODS: The BFR group (n=10, 16.1±1.1 years, 172.8±3.9 cm, 66.2±3.9 kg) and the control (CON) group (n=10, 16.60±1.17 years, 172.5±2.3 cm, 65.7±2.9 kg) participated in the same nonlinear periodic training program, however different weight loading (%RM) was applied depending on whether or not BFR was applied. In this study, the systolic blood pressure was set as the blood flow compression strength, and a BFR prop belt was used. After the 8-week training period was over, the degree of improvement in body composition, 1 repetition maximum (1RM), and isokinetic muscle function among groups was compared to determine the effect of training by blood flow restriction.RESULTS: The cross-sectional area of the thighs of athletes who applied BFR was significantly increased than that of the CON (p<.05). In the isokinetic results, athletes with BFR showed higher 1RM than the CON (p<.05). but there were no differences in muscle power and endurance (p>.05). In the results of improving the muscle strength (1RM and 60º/sec) of the athletes who applied the BFR, there was no significant difference between the groups in muscle power and muscular endurance.CONCLUSIONS: Non-linear strength training with BFR might be considered to be an effective method for improving muscle hypertrophy and maximum strength of athletes. The muscle endurance and muscle power method once a week, which was not effective in improving the muscle power and muscular endurance of high school male hockey players.","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42738507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Serum Lipid Levels with Periodontal Disease in Korean Adults Over the Age of 50: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2016-2018","authors":"Young-Ran Yeun, Yi-Sub Kwak, Hye-Young Kim","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2022.00220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2022.00220","url":null,"abstract":"in adults over the age of 50 is rapidly increasing, the association between serum lipid levels and periodontal disease in Korean adults over the age of 50 still remains to investigate. Thus, the aim was to deter-mine the effect of serum lipid levels on periodontal disease in older adults over the age of 50 using data from the seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. METHODS: The study used the data of 809 adults aged ≥50 years targeted in the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2016-2018. Levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density- lipoprotein (HDL-cholesterol), and low density-lipopro-tein (LDL-cholesterol) and periodontal conditions were measured. Complex-sample chi square test and linear regression were used to analyze the relationship serum lipid levels with periodontal disease. RESULTS: The results of chi square tests showed that the prevalence of periodontal disease among the elderly ≥50 years were statistically significant differences according to gender, age, education level, marital status, and smoking status. After adjusting for all con-founding factors, HDL-cholesterol alleviated periodontal disease, while LDL-cholesterol exacerbates periodontal disease. However, total cholesterol and triglycerides were not connected with periodontal disease. CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, controlling HDL and LDL cholesterol levels through physical exercise could be a preventative measure for periodontal disease.","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46962472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Endurance Exercise and Methamphetamine Administration on the Expression of Blood-Brain Barrier Related Factors and BDNF in Hippocampus of Male Sprague-Dawley Rat","authors":"Suryun Jung","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2022.00234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2022.00234","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the effect of short-term endurance exercise and methamphetamine administration on blood-brain barrier (BBB)-related marker and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus of male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. METHODS: Forty male SD-rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups and treated for 2 weeks. For the methamphetamine group, 1 mg/ kg (+)-S-Methamphetamine hydrochloride (METH) was intraperitoneally injected daily, and an endurance exercise was performed at 21 m/min for 60 minutes. All treatments were performed daily, and METH or saline was administered after exercise. After 2 weeks of treatment, the head was decapitated under anesthesia, and the hippocampus was separated for western blotting. RESULTS: Two weeks of endurance exercise significantly increased the expression of occludin and claudin-5 in the hippocampus of the rats. Similarly, phosphorylation of CREB/BDNF and AKT/GSK3 signaling pathways were significantly increased. This phenomenon was also observed in the exercise and METH co-treatment groups. However, the single treatment of 1 mg/kg METH did not affect tight junction protein and BDNF expression. CONCLUSIONS: Endurance exercise increased the expression of BBB-related proteins and neurogenesis-related molecules, which were not inhibited by METH administration.","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48310422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Dynamic Warm-up Programs Including Self-Myofascial Relexation on Soft Tissue Stiffness and Exercise Performance","authors":"Se-Young Seon, K. An, Kwang-Jin Lee","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2022.00080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2022.00080","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the effect of dynamic warm-up (DW), including DW and self-myofascial release (SMFR), on soft tissue stiffness and exercise performance.METHODS: Eight adult men participated in this study. The procedure was conducted twice every 2 weeks. Soft tissue stiffness measurements and exercise performance were performed as a pre-post-test. DW only and DW with SMFR were performed as an exercise intervention for the two groups, respectively.RESULTS: In the group conducted solely by DW, the stiffness of the gastrocnemius and rectus femoris muscles increased (p<.05), and in the DW group including SMFR, the stiffness of the rectus femoris muscle (p<.01) and biceps femoris muscle increased (p<.05). The Achilles and patellar tendon showed no significant changes in either group. A significant increase was observed in both the DW group and the DW group containing SMFR in the 30 m sprint (p<.01). The vertical jump (VJ) showed no significant change in both groups.CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, DW, including DW with SMFR, increased muscle stiffness, specifically through a 30-m sprint. In a followup study, it is considered necessary to investigate the effect of the VJ through the development of a DW program that changes the stiffness of tendons.","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67216651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the Editor at Exercise Science","authors":"Song-Young Park","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2022.00199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2022.00199","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47147123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of External Vibration on Coordination Strategies of Multi-Muscles during Voluntary Isometric Torque Production","authors":"Jiseop Lee, Junkyung Song, Jaebum Park","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2022.00115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2022.00115","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of muscle vibration on performance accuracy and multi-muscle coordination pattern during voluntary isometric knee extension torque production.METHODS: The subjects were tested under two conditions of external vibration frequencies (90 Hz vibration (VIB)&no-vibration (NVIB)) with three levels of torque magnitudes of 20% (MVT20), 40% (MVT40), and 60% of maximal voluntary torque (MVT60). The subjects were instructed to perform a submaximal isometric ramp task and matched the produced torque with the torque template shown in the screen as accurately as possible. External vibration was applied to the rectus femoris (RF).RESULTS: The performance error (RMSENORM) was reduced in 60% of MVT (MVT60) in both ramp and SS phases, and the iEMGAGO was significantly reduced by vibration under the same torque conditions in the SS phase. In addition, the muscle-mode (M-mode) composition was found to be different in the VIB and NVIB in the SS phase. We found that the VIB condition showed co-contraction M-modes and mixed M-modes. However, there was no significant difference in the ramp phase under all conditions.CONCLUSIONS: The neurophysiological changes due to muscle vibration may positively affect the task characteristics and steps that require accurate torque generation and provide information for the quantitative understanding of multi-muscle coordination of vibration.","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42161645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Consideration of Validation on the Relative Weight Indices Derived from Body Weight and Height","authors":"Ji-Yong Park, Taek-Won Gwon","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2022.00108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2022.00108","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: This study aimed to consider the validity of relative weight indices, which are used to compare people of different heights.METHODS: Cross-sectional analyses were conducted using the 2017-2021 “National Fitness Award” in South Korea. Males (n=77,705) aged 18-65 years and females (n=84,641) were included. Three indices [<i>I</i>₁=kg/m, <i>I</i>₂=kg/m<sup>2/sup>, and <i>I</i>₃=kg/m³] and <i>I</i>₄ [<i>I</i>₄=kg/ m²], which simply reduce the standard error of <i>I</i>₁, were analyzed. Pearson's correlation analysis was conducted to determine an index that was highly correlated with weight and was independent of height. Furthermore, an index that was highly correlated with the body fat percentage was considered. The linear relationship between height and the indices was confirmed using regression analysis. The n value of the index (kg/mn), which provides the same value for all height ranges, was derived by regression analysis between weight and height.RESULTS: The correlation analysis between height and the indices described <i>I</i>₂ (r=-.009, <i>p</i><.05) as the most suitable for males. The <i>I</i>₁ and <i>I</i>₄ (r=-.049, <i>p</i><.01) were appropriate for females. Weight showed a significant correlation with all indices. The association between body fat percentage and <i>I</i>₃ showed a high correlation in both males (r=.722, <i>p</i><.01) and females (r=.734, <i>p</i><.01). Regression analyses represented <i>I</i>₂ (B=-.005, <i>p</i><.05) suitability for males. For females, <i>I</i>₄ (B=.022, <i>p</i><.01) was replaceable.CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that <i>I</i>₂ (kg/m²) is appropriate for males. The <i>I</i>₄ (kg/m²) was applicable to females. The <i>I</i>₃ (kg/m³) showed the strongest correlation with body fat percentage in both males and females.","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49176869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Nutritional Health Risk and Physical Activity on Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults","authors":"Ji-Hyeong Gwon, Jiho Shin, Hyunsik Kang","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2022.00150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2022.00150","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: This cross-sectional study examined the combined effects of nutritional health risk and physical activity on depressive symptoms in a representative sample of older adults aged 65 years and older (4,116 men and 5,154 women) from the 2020 Korea Longitudinal Study of Aging.METHODS: Nutritional health risk was categorized as good, moderate, and high according to the Nutrition Screening Initiative. Physical activity was assessed using a questionnaire. Depression was assessed using the Short Form of Geriatric Depression Scale (SGDS).RESULTS: There were significant age differences (p<.001), education level (p<.001), marital status (p<.001), and SDGS (p<.001) according to nutritional health risk or physical activity status. In particular, a general linear model (GLM) showed a significant interaction (R2=.239, F(2,9849)=5.582, p<.004) between nutritional health risk and physical activity on SGDS-based depressive symptoms. The antidepressant effect of regular physical activity was observed in individuals with good or moderate nutritional health risks. However, such beneficial effects of physical activity were not observed in individuals with high nutritional health risks.CONCLUSIONS: The current findings of this study suggest that both good nutrition and physical activity for mental health should be emphasized in older adults, with a greater focus on nutrition for those with a high nutritional health risk.","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44480256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of 4 Weeks of Beta-Alanine Intake on Inflammatory Cytokines after 10 km Long Distance Running Exercise","authors":"Suhui Jin, Hwang-Woon Moon, Jun-Su Kim, Ha-Young Kim","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2022.00136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2022.00136","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine the immunological effects of β-alanine intake for 4 weeks on immune function changes after long-distance exercise and the possibility of β-alanine intake as an effective exercise supplement to improve exercise performance and maintain immune function.METHODS: Eighteen male college students were randomly assigned to two groups, one with two capsules of 250 mg β-alanine and the other with placebo without a nutritional effect. The participants took one capsule each in the morning and evening after the meals. This study was conducted in a double-blinded manner. To analyze the inflammatory cytokines expressed during exercise, a 10 km long-running exercise was performed, and blood was collected from the forearm vein a total of 4 times (at rest, immediately after exercise, 30 minutes, and 60 minutes in recovery).RESULTS: As a result of analyzing the level of inflammatory cytokine IL-6, compared to the placebo group, the β-alanine intake group decreased significantly to 60 minutes after recovery from long-distance aerobic exercise, and both groups showed a significant difference between both periods (p<.001). However, there was no significant difference between the groups based on the measurement period before and after intake. As a result of analyzing the level of TNF-α, the expression of TNF-α in the placebo group was significantly decreased from immediately after long-distance aerobic exercise to 60 minutes after recovery, but in the β-alanine group, TNF-β expression did not occur immediately after exercise, and there was no significant difference until the recovery period; thus, there was no statistically significant difference between the two periods. In addition, there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of the measurement period before and after intake.CONCLUSIONS: Based on the above results, β-alanine intake for 4 weeks is thought to be effective in maintaining temporarily reduced immune function after long-distance exercise by reducing the level of inflammatory cytokines in the study participants.","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44550988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}