U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet最新文献

{"title":"Water resources of St. Martin Parish, Louisiana","authors":"M. Lindaman, V. White","doi":"10.3133/fs20213007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20213007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36286,"journal":{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69285388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources in the eastern Mediterranean area, 2020","authors":"C. J. Schenk, T. Mercier, T. Finn, Cheryl A. Woodall, K. Marra, Heidi M. Leathers-Miller, P. Le, R. M. Drake","doi":"10.3133/fs20213032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20213032","url":null,"abstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) quantitatively assessed the potential for undiscovered, technically recoverable conventional oil and gas resources in total petroleum systems and assessment units of the eastern Mediterranean area (fig. 1). The assessment encompasses the geographic areas of the Levantine Basin, Eratosthenes Platform, Nile Delta Basin, Herodotus Basin, and the Mediterranean Ridge. The eastern Mediterranean area developed through a complex tectonic evolution and is the subject of ongoing research (Abdel Aal and others, 2000; Netzeband and others, 2006; Segev and others, 2011; Robertson and others, 2012, Cowie and Kusznir, 2013; Sagy and others, 2015; Granot, 2016; Inati and others, 2016; Segev and others, 2018; Steinberg and others, 2018). The tectonic evolution of the eastern Mediterranean began in the Triassic with rifting of the African-Arabian plate from Eurasia. Rifting continued through the Jurassic, resulting in highly extended continental crust across much of the Levantine Basin and the Nile Delta Basin. Oceanic crust formed in the Herodotus Basin and Mediterranean Ridge as the Tethys Ocean opened. Major sequences of petroleum source rocks were deposited across the continental margins during the Late Jurassic. The Cretaceous was characterized by passive-margin conditions, with carbonate platform development along the extended continental margins, and progradation of clastic sequences across the structurally complex, extended continental crust. The Eratosthenes Platform was one of the continental fragments separated from the African-Arabian plate and moved north as oceanic crust subducted beneath the southern margin of Eurasia, forming the Mediterranean Ridge accretionary complex. Carbonate platforms ranging in age from Cretaceous to Neogene formed along the margins of the Eratosthenes Platform. Repeated sea level changes during this time span led to the development of stacked carbonate platforms. Marine source rocks were deposited during the Cretaceous and Paleogene. Northward movement of the African-Arabian plate in the Paleogene signaled the beginning of closure of the Tethys Ocean. In the Oligocene and early Miocene, the ancestral Nile drainage was established, leading to northdirected clastic deposition in the Levantine Basin, Nile Delta Basin, and Herodotus Basin. The Eratosthenes Platform collided with the Cyprus arc in the Miocene, causing uplift with subsequent subaerial exposure and karst development across the extensive carbonate platforms. In the late Miocene, the northward movement of Africa resulted in closure of the Tethys seaway at Gibraltar and in the complete evaporation of Mediterranean seawater, leading to the deposition of hundreds of meters of late Miocene Messinian evaporites. Evaporites, being impervious to fluids, form important seals, as well as providing traps marginal to the salt structures, and, where salt has moved, provide pathways for fluids to migrate into post-salt reservoirs and traps (Al-B","PeriodicalId":36286,"journal":{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69285658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"California and Landsat","authors":"","doi":"10.3133/fs20213034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20213034","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36286,"journal":{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69285676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuous water-quality and suspended-sediment transport monitoring in the San Francisco Bay, California, water years 2018–19","authors":"Darin C. Einhell, S. Davila Olivera, D. Palm","doi":"10.3133/fs20213043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20213043","url":null,"abstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) monitors water quality and suspended-sediment transport in the San Francisco Bay (Bay) as part of a multi-agency effort to address estuary management, water supply, and ecological concerns. The San Francisco Bay area is home to millions of people, and the Bay teems with marine and terrestrial flora and fauna. Freshwater mixes with saltwater in the Bay and is subject to riverine influences (floods, droughts, managed reservoir releases, and freshwater diversions) and marine influences (tides, waves, and effects of saltwater). To understand this environment, the USGS, along with its cooperators (see “Acknowledgments” section), has been monitoring the Bay’s waters continuously since 1988. There are several water-quality characteristics that are important to State and Federal resource managers. Salinity, water temperature, and suspended-sediment concentration are some important water-quality properties that are monitored at key locations throughout the Bay. Salinity, which indicates the mixing of fresh and ocean waters in the Bay, is derived from specific conductance measurements. Water temperature, along with salinity, affects the density of water, which controls gravity-driven circulation patterns and stratification in the water column. Turbidity, a measure of light scattered from suspended particles in the water, is used to estimate suspended-sediment concentration. Suspended sediment affects Bay water quality in multiple ways: it attenuates sunlight in the water column, affecting phytoplankton growth; it can deposit on tidal marsh and intertidal mudflats, which can help restore and sustain these habitats as sea level rises; and it can settle in ports and shipping channels, which can necessitate dredging. In addition, suspended sediment often carries adsorbed contaminants as it is transported in the water column, which affects their distribution and concentration in the environment. Excessive concentrations of sediment-adsorbed contaminants in deposits on the bottom of the Bay can affect ecosystem health. External factors, such as tidal currents, waves, and wind, also can affect water quality in the Bay. Tidal currents in the Bay change direction four times daily, and wind direction and intensity typically fluctuate on a daily cycle. Consequently, salinity, water temperature, and suspended-sediment concentration vary spatially and temporally throughout the Bay. Therefore, continuous measurements at multiple locations are needed to monitor these changes. Data collected at eight stations are transmitted in near real-time using cellular telemetry. The purposes of this fact sheet are to (1) provide information about the USGS San Francisco Bay water-quality monitoring network; (2) highlight various applications in which these data can be utilized; and (3) provide internet links to access the resulting continuous water-quality data collected by the USGS.","PeriodicalId":36286,"journal":{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69285832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources of China, 2020","authors":"C. J. Schenk, T. Mercier, Cheryl A. Woodall, Geoffrey S. Ellis, T. Finn, P. Le, K. Marra, Heidi M. Leathers-Miller, R. M. Drake","doi":"10.3133/fs20213051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20213051","url":null,"abstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) quantitatively assessed the potential for undiscovered, technically recoverable conventional oil and gas resources in nine geologic provinces of China (fig. 1). This assessment includes the Tarim Basin, Junggar Basin, Turpan Basin, Qaidam Basin, Sichuan Basin, Ordos Basin, Bohaiwan Basin, Songliao Basin, and the East China Sea Basin Provinces. Within these 9 provinces, 16 geologic assessment units (AUs) were defined, and each AU was assessed for undiscovered conventional oil, gas, and natural-gas liquids. China contains a mosaic of cratonic terranes, remnants of oceanic crust, orogenic belts, suture zones, accretionary complexes, island-arc assemblages, and regional faults that record a complex history of terrane accretion and orogeny along the southern and eastern margins of Eurasia (Liu and others, 2013; Zheng and others, 2013; Zhao and others, 2014; Han and Zhao, 2018; Zhou and others, 2018). Beginning in the Paleozoic, several cratonic blocks separated diachronously from the northern margin of Gondwana and translated north across the Tethys Ocean as oceanic crust was subducted; these terranes eventually collided and accreted, knitting together a collage of tectonic elements. Major cratonic terranes that accreted to Eurasia included the Tarim Basin, Ordos Basin, and Sichuan Basin Provinces. In contrast, the basement of the Junggar, Turpan, Qaidam, and Songliao Basin Provinces are interpreted as fragments of oceanic crust that were not subducted, but rather were incorporated into orogenic belts (Mao and others, 2016; Han and Zhao, 2018). As accretion proceeded, the margins of the cratonic and oceanic fragments became sites of fold and thrust belts, suture zones, faults, and an amalgamation of island-arc and accretionary complexes; several of the terranes developed foreland basins. By the Permian, compressive deformation developed sufficient tectonic topography to isolate several of the basins from marine waters. This topographic relief led to hydraulically closed basins (Garcia-Castellanos, 2006; Marenssi and others, 2020), characterized by the development of extensive, basinwide lacustrine systems. The Junggar and Turpan Basin Provinces developed lacustrine systems by compressive deformation along the margins in the Permian, and lacustrine systems formed following compressional deformation in the Sichuan, Ordos, Tarim, and Qaidam Basin Provinces. In contrast, horst and graben systems along the eastern margin of Eurasia were formed by widespread back-arc extension related to changing motions of the Pacific plate. Extensive lacustrine systems formed within grabens in the Songliao, Bohaiwan, and East China Sea Basin Provinces (Li and others, 2012; Liang and Wang, 2019; Yang and others, 2020). Petroleum source rocks within these nine provinces reflect the long and complex tectonic history (Jiang and others, 2016). As the cratonic blocks separated from Gondwana and traversed the Tethyan realm in the early Paleozoic","PeriodicalId":36286,"journal":{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69286050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of undiscovered continuous oil resources in the Bakken and Three Forks Formations of the Williston Basin Province, North Dakota and Montana, 2021","authors":"K. Marra, T. Mercier, S. E. Gelman, C. J. Schenk, Cheryl A. Woodall, A. Cicero, R. M. Drake, Geoffrey S. Ellis, T. Finn, M. Gardner, Jane S. Hearon, Benjamin G. Johnson, Jenny H. Lagesse, P. Le, Heidi M. Leathers-Miller, K. Timm, Scott S. Young","doi":"10.3133/fs20213058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20213058","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36286,"journal":{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69286126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Earthquake information products and tools from the Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS)","authors":"L. Wald","doi":"10.3133/FS20063050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/FS20063050","url":null,"abstract":"The ANSS now provides postearthquake decisionmaking tools and routinely disseminates information to users who have a need for near real-time earthquake analysis. This list is not intended to be a comprehensive treatment of ANSS postearthquake products. Rather it is a summary of ongoing developments deemed of interest to the public, the media, and those responding to earthquakes, be it from the critical lifeline, utility, government, emergency response, emergency coordination, recovery, planning, business continuity, and other relevant communities. Following are tools recommended for various types of user categories. For each category, see the URLs associated with each of the products portrayed on the back of this information sheet for more detailed information.","PeriodicalId":36286,"journal":{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69283913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Groundwater quality in the Redding–Red Bluff shallow aquifer study unit of the northern Sacramento Valley, California","authors":"J. Harkness, Jennifer L. Shelton","doi":"10.3133/fs20203025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20203025","url":null,"abstract":"The Redding–Red Bluff study unit covers approximately 1,200 square miles in Shasta and Tehama Counties, California, at the northern end of the Sacramento Valley. The study unit covers groundwater basins in the Redding area and the northern Sacramento Valley. The Sacramento River flows through the study area. Groundwater aquifers within the regional study area are composed of marine, continental, and volcanic alluvial sediments derived from the surrounding mountain ranges: The Cascade Range to the east, the Klamath Mountains to the north, and the Coast Ranges to the west. The study unit is dominated by natural land use (60 percent), with urban use more common in the Redding study area (36 percent) and agricultural land use more common in the Red Bluff study area (20 percent). This study was designed to provide a statistically representative assessment of the quality of groundwater resources used for domestic drinking water in the Redding– Red Bluff study unit. A total of 50 wells were sampled between December 2018 and April 2019 (Shelton and others, 2020). Domestic wells in the study unit typically are drilled to depths of 80–338 feet (10th–90th percentiles; Shelton and others, 2020), which are shallower (p<0.001) than the depths of public-supply wells in the same area (typically 115–450 feet deep; Bennett and others, 2011). Water levels in domestic wells in the study unit typically are 15–163 feet below land surface (10th–90th percentiles; Shelton and others, 2020). Previous investigations of public supply wells in the study area found relatively low concentrations of inorganic and volatile organic compounds compared to state and national benchmarks, except for arsenic (4.6 percent; Bennett and others, 2011). A State Water Resources Control Board GAMA survey of domestic wells in Tehama County (223 wells), which includes the Red Bluff study area, reported arsenic concentrations above the benchmark (see page 3) in 13 percent of wells, primarily in the southeast part of the study area (California State Water Resources Control Board, 2009). However, these wells were not spatially distributed and do not represent aquifer-scale portions as described herein.","PeriodicalId":36286,"journal":{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69285419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Minnesota and Landsat","authors":"","doi":"10.3133/fs20203059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20203059","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36286,"journal":{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69285565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Mexico and Landsat","authors":"","doi":"10.3133/fs20203060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20203060","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36286,"journal":{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69285572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}