Soil Horizons最新文献

{"title":"Four soil orders on a Vermont mountaintop-one-third of the world`s soil orders in a 2500-square-meter research plot","authors":"T. Villars, S. Bailey, D. Ross","doi":"10.2136/SH15-06-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2136/SH15-06-0013","url":null,"abstract":"As part of the Vermont Long-Term Soil Monitoring Project, five 50 x 50 m plots were established on protected forestland across Vermont. In 2002, ten randomly selected subplots at each monitoring plot were sampled. The 10 pedons sampled at the high-elevation spruce-fir “Forehead” plot on Mount Mansfield were found to include soils of four taxonomic Orders: Entisols, Histosols, Inceptisols, and Spodosols. Soil forming factors such as climate, vegetation, and time are uniform, and podzolization is the major soil forming process, but small variations in parent material thickness and microtopography result in the presence of four orders. A 1-cm difference in the thickness of a horizon can affect the placement of a soil in one of these orders.","PeriodicalId":362488,"journal":{"name":"Soil Horizons","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115956224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining Electromagnetic Induction and Resistivity Imaging with Soil Sampling to Investigate Past Soil Disturbance at Wormsloe State Historic Site, Savannah, GA","authors":"J. H. Campbell, L. Morris, D. Markewitz","doi":"10.2136/SH15-07-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2136/SH15-07-0015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":362488,"journal":{"name":"Soil Horizons","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127084096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Day in the Life of an Arctic Soil Scientist","authors":"M. Fisher","doi":"10.2136/SH2015-56-6-DL","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2136/SH2015-56-6-DL","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":362488,"journal":{"name":"Soil Horizons","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114593662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bringing the Benefits of Tree Islands Back to the Everglades","authors":"K. Korzekwa","doi":"10.2136/SH2015-56-6-F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2136/SH2015-56-6-F","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":362488,"journal":{"name":"Soil Horizons","volume":"489 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120863178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term No-Tillage Sequesters Soil Organic Carbon in Cool Semiarid Regions","authors":"P. Carr, E. Brevik, R. Horsley, Glenn B. Martin","doi":"10.2136/SH15-07-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2136/SH15-07-0016","url":null,"abstract":"No-tillage (NT) has been promoted as a strategy for sequestering soil organic carbon (SOC) in crop production systems. However, recent research suggests stratification rather than sequestration of SOC may occur following adoption of NT, with no net increase in SOC. Our objective was to determine if SOC was sequestered in long-term NT plots in a cool semiarid region. Soil was collected from 0to 30-, 30to 60-, and 60to 90-cm depth intervals in plots arranged in a randomized complete block where clean-tillage (CT), reduced-tillage (RT), and NT treatments had been maintained in eight blocks for 20 yr at Dickinson, ND, USA. More SOC occurred at the 0to 30-cm depth under NT (64 Mg C ha–1) than under both RT and CT (£55 Mg C ha–1) management (SE = 2; P < 0.001) and at the 30to 60-cm depth under NT than RT (33 vs. 28 Mg C ha–1, P < 0.03). Similarly, more SOC occurred at the 60to 90-cm depth under NT than RT (29 vs. 22 Mg C ha–1, P = 0.003). Overall, amounts of SOC in the upper 90 cm of soil were greatest under NT at 127 Mg C ha–1 compared with 104 Mg C ha–1 under RT and 112 Mg C ha–1 under CT (P = 0.005). Results of this research indicate that conversion of CT and RT to NT in cool semiarid regions can result in the sequestration of SOC when both surface and subsurface depths are considered.","PeriodicalId":362488,"journal":{"name":"Soil Horizons","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134111385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring the Total and Sequestered Organic Matter Contents of Grassland and Forest Soil Profiles in the National Ecological Observatory Network Initiative","authors":"E. Ghabbour, G. Davies, Abeer A. Sayeed, Millicent Croman, Brittney A. Hoehing, E. Ayres","doi":"10.2136/SH15-07-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2136/SH15-07-0014","url":null,"abstract":"The National Soil Project (NSP) at Northeastern University has been measuring the total and sequestered soil organic matter (SOM) contents of more than 2000 soil horizons from all 50 US states since 2008. The sequestration data establish a baseline SOM content of a soil and are a measure of its quality and health. In this paper, on behalf of the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON)–NSP collaboration we report the total and sequestered SOM contents of 11 grassland and forest profiles in eight US states at elevations of 25 to 1548 m and 7 soil orders to depths of 200 cm. Such soils serve (i) as standards with which other soils can be compared and (ii) as benchmarks for NEON measurements. Total SOM was measured by optimized loss-on-ignition (LOI) of dried soil samples at 650°C for 12 h. Sequestered SOM is represented by long-lived humic substances (HS) in the form of humic acids (HA), fulvic acids (FA), and sequestered dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Humic acids were measured gravimetrically; FA and sequestered DOC were measured by visible and UV spectrophotometry, respectively. Major findings are: (i) the data are mostly reproducible; (ii) carbon sequestration drops sharply below the A horizons; (iii) there are three profile types (in six Type A profiles the percentage HA exhibits a minimum with increasing depth, whereas no minimum is evident in the four Type B profiles investigated, and the Jornada profile labeled C features increasing percentage HA with increasing depth due to a carbonate barrier at 78 cm depth); (iv) decreasing FA/HA ratios with increasing percentage humification indicates FA as precursors of HA; (v) regression of FA against HA for all Type B profiles has a slope of 0.38 (cf. 0.29 for Maine profiles) and is a measure of the sequestration status of those soils; and (vi) HA in four of the profiles retain about three times more water than their total SOM, as observed previously for soil profiles in northern Maine. Peer Reviewed Papers","PeriodicalId":362488,"journal":{"name":"Soil Horizons","volume":"241 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131877681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Olive Mill Pomace Biochar as a Support for Soil Microbial Communities in an Italian Sandy Soil","authors":"L. Piscitelli, A. Shaaban, D. Mondelli, G. Mezzapesa, T. Miano, S. Dumontet","doi":"10.2136/SH15-02-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2136/SH15-02-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Soils with low organic matter and modest biological activity exhibit a reduced capacity to produce goods and services. The use of biochar as a soil amendment has been suggested as a way to increase soil productivity thanks to its physical and chemical characteristics. These properties lead to its possible use as a structural support and a habitat for microorganisms. This study investigated the role of biochar, produced from olive mill pomace at the Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari by a slow pyrolysis process, as a carrier of two microbial communities extracted from a fertile soil and a commercial compost. This study aims to highlight the relationship between the physical structure of biochar and the potential microbial community and to evaluate the use of charged biochar as a carrier of microflora. The inoculation of agricultural soil with biochar seems to have no effect on the total aerobic heterotrophic microflora evaluated with the plate count method. Nevertheless, scanning electron microscope (SEM) images show the presence of biofilm, thus suggesting an early stage of colonization. Despite the short time of incubation of microbial charged biochar in the studied soil, the microbial biomass C and N increased, suggesting a beneficial effect of this amendment. Peer Reviewed Papers","PeriodicalId":362488,"journal":{"name":"Soil Horizons","volume":"590 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114582943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil Surveys in Brazil and Perspectives in Soil Digital Mapping","authors":"Claudia Csekö Nolasco de Carvalho, F. C. Nunes, M. Antunes, Marjorie Csekö Nolasco","doi":"10.2136/SH14-01-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2136/SH14-01-0002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":362488,"journal":{"name":"Soil Horizons","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115832153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lessons on Buried Horizons and Pedogenesis from Deep Forest Soils","authors":"J. James, C. Dietzen, Joel C. Furches, R. Harrison","doi":"10.2136/SH15-02-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2136/SH15-02-0004","url":null,"abstract":"The lower boundary of soil has been a point of contention among soil scientists for decades. Recent evidence suggests that soil is much deeper than is measured by many ecological studies and that arbitrary definitions of maximum soil depth unnecessarily exclude important regions of the soil profile. This paper provides illustrated examples of soil profiles that have important deep soil characteristics or buried horizons. Soil pits were excavated with a backhoe to a depth of at least 2.5 m at 36 sites throughout the Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] ecoregion of the Pacific Northwest. These soils cover four orders—Andisol, Inceptisol, Alfisol, and Ultisol—and highlight the hidden diversity of subsoil characteristics throughout the region. The roots of trees and understory species often extend deep into the C horizons of soil. Despite experiencing less pedogenic development than surface horizons, C horizons are important both as the frontier of soil formation and as an important resource for plant growth. In some cases, B horizons are far deeper than the 1or 2-m depth arbitrarily assumed to represent the whole soil. In other cases, subsoil hides buried profiles that can significantly impact aboveground plant growth. These buried horizons are important repositories of nutrients and carbon that are poorly understood and rarely sampled. Ignoring subsoil precludes incorporating soil burial or deep soil processes into biogeochemical and global carbon cycle models. Peer Reviewed Papers","PeriodicalId":362488,"journal":{"name":"Soil Horizons","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133659254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil’s Social and Cultural Connections","authors":"M. Szulczewski","doi":"10.2136/SH2015-56-6-GC","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2136/SH2015-56-6-GC","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":362488,"journal":{"name":"Soil Horizons","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127594381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}