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Complex Chiari Malformation: What the Neurosurgeon Needs to Know 复杂Chiari畸形：神经外科医生需要知道的
Neurographics Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.3174/ng.2100050
M.D. Papachristou, R. Ward, V. Agarwal, B. Branstetter
{"title":"Complex Chiari Malformation: What the Neurosurgeon Needs to Know","authors":"M.D. Papachristou, R. Ward, V. Agarwal, B. Branstetter","doi":"10.3174/ng.2100050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3174/ng.2100050","url":null,"abstract":"Chiari malformation type 1 is a frequently encountered but incompletely understood morphologic variant that may present with headache and lower cranial nerve symptoms. The main surgical treatment for Chiari malformation type 1 is suboccipital decompression. Further research has identified\u0000 a subset of patients with Chiari malformation type 1 with radiographic findings that predispose to suboptimal outcomes from suboccipital decompression alone. This disease process has come to be referred to as complex Chiari malformation. Here, we discuss imaging findings of complex Chiari\u0000 malformation, identify craniovertebral metrics used to stratify patients, and propose a reporting structure to assist our neurosurgical colleagues in the selection of appropriate treatment.Learning Objective: To understand imaging findings and radiographic metrics associated with Complex\u0000 Chiari malformation and their implication on surgical management","PeriodicalId":36193,"journal":{"name":"Neurographics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44056081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome‐Associated Cerebral Microhemorrhages in a Child with COVID-19 Infection COVID-19感染儿童的多系统炎症综合征相关脑微出血
Neurographics Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.3174/ng.2100018
F. Gala, L. Shobhavat, S. Kothari, R. Joshi, E. Gupta
{"title":"Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome‐Associated Cerebral Microhemorrhages in a Child with COVID-19 Infection","authors":"F. Gala, L. Shobhavat, S. Kothari, R. Joshi, E. Gupta","doi":"10.3174/ng.2100018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3174/ng.2100018","url":null,"abstract":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been rarely associated with neurologic complications that are more vividly described in adults. Similar literature on the pediatric population is scarce. We report multisystem\u0000 inflammatory syndrome‐associated cerebral microhemorrhages in a child with COVID-19 infection.","PeriodicalId":36193,"journal":{"name":"Neurographics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47596703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nonvestibular Schwannomas of the Head and Neck 头颈部非前庭神经鞘瘤
Neurographics Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.3174/ng.2000075
A. Duran, M. T. Starc, A. Khorsandi
{"title":"Nonvestibular Schwannomas of the Head and Neck","authors":"A. Duran, M. T. Starc, A. Khorsandi","doi":"10.3174/ng.2000075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3174/ng.2000075","url":null,"abstract":"Schwannomas are benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors, of which almost half occur in the head and neck. Schwannomas may arise from any cranial, autonomic, or peripheral nerve. It is crucial to recognize the imaging features suggestive of schwannoma because the management decisions are\u0000 unique due to the generally benign nature of this disease. While most nonvestibular schwannomas will be asymptomatic until they are large, tumors within or adjacent to bony structures are often associated with neurologic symptoms. This article provides a multimodality imaging review of the\u0000 varied appearance of nonvestibular schwannomas in the head and neck as well as correlative discussion of the clinical presentation and management.Learning Objective: To describe the imaging appearance, critical clinical features, and management implications of nonvestibular schwannomas\u0000 of the head and neck","PeriodicalId":36193,"journal":{"name":"Neurographics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46759754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Case of Orbital Inflammatory Disease Related to Giant Cell Arteritis 一例与巨细胞动脉炎相关的眼眶炎症性疾病
Neurographics Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.3174/ng.2100008
S. S. Hashmi, K. McCullagh
{"title":"A Case of Orbital Inflammatory Disease Related to Giant Cell Arteritis","authors":"S. S. Hashmi, K. McCullagh","doi":"10.3174/ng.2100008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3174/ng.2100008","url":null,"abstract":"Giant cell arteritis is a common pathology in older patients, and often imaging is not necessary. However, the rare, associated orbital inflammatory disease may be the initial presenting symptom that prompts imaging; therefore, radiologists should be aware of this association and imaging\u0000 features.","PeriodicalId":36193,"journal":{"name":"Neurographics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47232298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Raiders of the Lost Canal: Review of Underrecognized Skull Base Canals, Fissures, and Foramina 丢失椎管的掠夺者:未被识别的颅底椎管、裂缝和椎间孔的回顾
Neurographics Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.3174/ng.2000073
D. Mistry, S. Ellika, E. Lin, J. Almast, G. Moonis
{"title":"Raiders of the Lost Canal: Review of Underrecognized Skull Base Canals, Fissures, and Foramina","authors":"D. Mistry, S. Ellika, E. Lin, J. Almast, G. Moonis","doi":"10.3174/ng.2000073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3174/ng.2000073","url":null,"abstract":"The anatomy of the skull base is complex and poses a daunting challenge to many radiologists and trainees. In addition to knowing major skull base passages, there are several underrecognized skull base canals, foramina, and fissures that are critical to avoid misdiagnosis, understand\u0000 the spread of disease, and guide surgical management. A review of the current literature on these forgotten structures yielded numerous original articles and a few review articles, none of which were comprehensive. This article aimed to fill that void. We provide a comprehensive review of\u0000 underrecognized skull base anatomic structures and their content and discuss their clinical implications.Learning Objective: Recognize uncommon skull base structures, their content, and their clinical implications","PeriodicalId":36193,"journal":{"name":"Neurographics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44547899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Revisiting the Embryology of the Facial Muscles, the Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System, and the Facial Nerve 面肌、浅表肌筋膜神经系统及面神经的胚胎学研究
Neurographics Pub Date : 2021-05-01 DOI: 10.3174/ng.1900035
P. Som, P. Taub, B. Delman
{"title":"Revisiting the Embryology of the Facial Muscles, the Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System, and the Facial Nerve","authors":"P. Som, P. Taub, B. Delman","doi":"10.3174/ng.1900035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3174/ng.1900035","url":null,"abstract":"The facial muscles are responsible for nonverbal expression, and the manner by which these muscles function to express various emotions are reviewed. How one recognizes these various facial expressions and how individuals can alter their facial expression are discussed. The methodology\u0000 for cataloging facial expressions is also presented. The embryology of the facial muscles; the facial ligaments; and the supporting superficial musculoaponeurotic system, which magnifies the muscle movements, is also reviewed as is the embryology of the facial nerve, which innervates these\u0000 muscles. Also, a detailed MR imaging atlas of the facial muscles is presented.Learning Objective: The reader will learn how the facial muscles develop and how they are the means of human nonverbal emotional expression. The anatomy of the facial ligaments and the superficial musculoaponeurotic\u0000 system are also discussed","PeriodicalId":36193,"journal":{"name":"Neurographics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48132288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Encephalotrigeminal Angiomatosis: A Review with Emphasis on Head and Neck Manifestations 脑三叉神经血管瘤病:以头颈部表现为重点的综述
Neurographics Pub Date : 2021-05-01 DOI: 10.3174/ng.2000061
B. R. Larsen, M. S. Rosztoczy, D. V. Tassel, C. Larson, S. A. Avedikian, D. Gridley
{"title":"Encephalotrigeminal Angiomatosis: A Review with Emphasis on Head and Neck Manifestations","authors":"B. R. Larsen, M. S. Rosztoczy, D. V. Tassel, C. Larson, S. A. Avedikian, D. Gridley","doi":"10.3174/ng.2000061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3174/ng.2000061","url":null,"abstract":"Encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis, also known as Sturge-Weber syndrome or Sturge-Weber-Dimitri disease, is a sporadic congenital neurocutaneous syndrome characterized by angiomas of the face, eyes, and meninges. The typical clinical findings include seizures, a port-wine facial nevus,\u0000 hemiparesis, and developmental delay. The classic intracranial imaging features of Sturge-Weber syndrome include cerebral hemispheric atrophy, hypervascularity and/or calcification of the cortex, and ipsilateral choroid plexus enlargement. Extracranial findings primarily include the vascular\u0000 abnormalities of the ocular and facial soft tissues as well as hypertrophy of the calvarial and maxillofacial osseous structures. Additionally, we report involvement of the extraocular muscles, salivary glands, and lacrimal glands, findings that have not been well described in the literature.\u0000 While a developmental venous pathology underlying Sturge-Weber syndrome has been proposed resulting in many of the findings, the mechanism behind the facial soft-tissue abnormalities and the clinical sequelae associated with these glandular abnormalities is still uncertain.Learning Objective:\u0000 To recognize typical clinical and various imaging manifestations of Sturge-Weber syndrome, including head and neck and intracranial imaging findings","PeriodicalId":36193,"journal":{"name":"Neurographics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42520394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Imaging of Complications of Head and Neck Cancer Treatment 头颈部肿瘤治疗并发症的影像学分析
Neurographics Pub Date : 2021-05-01 DOI: 10.3174/ng.2000074
L. Villarinho, V. S. Macedo, C. Taylor
{"title":"Imaging of Complications of Head and Neck Cancer Treatment","authors":"L. Villarinho, V. S. Macedo, C. Taylor","doi":"10.3174/ng.2000074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3174/ng.2000074","url":null,"abstract":"Head and neck tumors are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms with variable cell origin, prognosis, and treatment options. Management is related to histologic type and staging, but surgery and chemoradiation are often the main options of treatment. These treatments, though widely used,\u0000 can be associated with local complications. Early complications are usually related to surgery, and late complications are related to radiation therapy. Imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis and management of these complications, and radiologists must be familiar with them. The\u0000 authors describe multiple important complications of head and neck cancer treatment with corresponding imaging findings.Learning Objective: To demonstrate important complications of head and neck cancer treatment","PeriodicalId":36193,"journal":{"name":"Neurographics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46708201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Opercular Perivascular Cyst: Old Entity, New Location 血管外囊肿：旧实体，新位置
Neurographics Pub Date : 2021-05-01 DOI: 10.3174/ng.2000056
I. Page, D. McArdle, F. Gaillard
{"title":"Opercular Perivascular Cyst: Old Entity, New Location","authors":"I. Page, D. McArdle, F. Gaillard","doi":"10.3174/ng.2000056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3174/ng.2000056","url":null,"abstract":"Dilated perivascular spaces in the brain have typical neuroimaging appearances. The classification of dilated perivascular spaces is based on their relationship to blood vessels and is divided into 3 subtypes. A fourth type has been described and termed “opercular perivascular\u0000 space.” We report on an incidental finding of an opercular perivascular space on MR imaging. Dilated perivascular spaces are benign; it is important to be familiar with their characteristic appearance to prevent reporting them as a neoplasm.","PeriodicalId":36193,"journal":{"name":"Neurographics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44886572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Brain Tumor Reporting and Data System: A Pictorial Review 脑肿瘤报告和数据系统:一个画报综述
Neurographics Pub Date : 2021-05-01 DOI: 10.3174/ng.2000069
B. Rao, I. Ikuta, A. Mahajan, A. A. Karam, V. Zohrabian
{"title":"Brain Tumor Reporting and Data System: A Pictorial Review","authors":"B. Rao, I. Ikuta, A. Mahajan, A. A. Karam, V. Zohrabian","doi":"10.3174/ng.2000069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3174/ng.2000069","url":null,"abstract":"Brain tumors are a diverse group of neoplasms that are a source of substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. Primary gliomas constitute almost all malignant brain tumors, with the most aggressive as well as most common form in adults, grade IV glioma or glioblastoma multiforme,\u0000 carrying an especially poor prognosis. Neuroimaging is critical not only in the identification of CNS tumor but also in treatment-planning and assessing the response to therapy. Structured reporting continues to gain traction in radiology by reducing report ambiguity and improving consistency,\u0000 while keeping referring clinicians and patients informed. The Brain Tumor Reporting and Data System (BT-RADS) is a relatively new paradigm that attempts to simplify and maximize consistency in radiologic reporting. BT-RADS incorporates MR imaging features, clinical assessment, and timing of\u0000 therapy to assign each study a score or category, which is, in turn, linked to a management suggestion. The purpose of this pictorial review article is to familiarize radiologists and nonradiology neurologic specialists alike with BT-RADS, highlighting both advantages and limitations, in the\u0000 hope that adoption of this system might ultimately facilitate more effective communication and improve consistency among reports.Learning Objective: To describe the features and underscore the advantages and disadvantages of the Brain Tumor Reporting and Data System (BT-RADS), a relatively\u0000 new classification system that attempts to simplify and maximize consistency in radiologic reporting","PeriodicalId":36193,"journal":{"name":"Neurographics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43418037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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